The effect of preheat treatment on the texture evolution during rolling of AA 3003 aluminum alloy was investigated by x-ray diffraction. The texture evolution during rolling was quantified in terms of a simple relation between the texture volume fractions and true rolling strain. It was found that the alloy annealed at 538 °C had a higher value of k i and a lower value of n i than the alloy annealed at 593 °C for all the texture components. The difference in texture evolution between the two preheat treatments was mainly attributed to the initial texture. The alloy annealed at 538 °C had a higher formation rate of β fiber component than the alloy annealed at 593 °C because of the relatively weak cube texture and the presence of the P texture.