Effects Of Population Pressure Research Articles

Effects of Population Pressure on Forest Resources in Trabzon-Turkey and How to Conserve them

Effects of Population Pressure on Forest Resources in Trabzon-Turkey and How to Conserve them

Effect of population pressure on land to Manggar watershed at East Belitung Regency, Bangka Belitung Island Province, Indonesia

Population pressure triggers farmers to expand their cultivation area due to population growth. East Belitung Regency, an expanded area of Belitung Regency, has developed into a new economic center on Belitung Island. The agricultural sector which has the largest contribution to the economy of east Belitung, but it has a negative impact due to the increasing demand for land by the community. This research examines the population pressure on agricultural land in each sub-district area as part of Manggar Watershed. The recent study presents the results of spatial analysis of land cover overlaying to the population of the Manggar watershed using ArcGIS 10.1 software. The results showed that three sub-districts intersect one another, namely Gantung sub-district (2.17%), Kelapa Kampit sub-district (12.49%), and Manggar sub-district (83.34%). In addition, there are ten types of land cover in the Manggar watershed, and the most prominent area is dominated by mining (8,709 Ha). Population pressure on agricultural land in the Manggar watershed is classified as moderate for the Gantung sub-district and low for the Kelapa Kampit and Gantung sub-districts. Furthermore, this study also revealed that land exploitation for the agricultural mean is still below its carrying capacity. Nevertheless, it is necessary to improve the better management of land-use systems in the Manggar watershed.

Effects of long-range taxis and population pressure on the range expansion of invasive species in heterogeneous environments

We consider a new model for biological invasions in periodic patchy environments, in which long-range taxis and population pressure are incorporated in the framework of reaction-diffusion-advection equations. We assume that long-range taxis is induced by a weighted integral of stimuli within a certain sensing range. Population pressure is incorporated in the diffusion coefficient that linearly increases with population density. We first analyze the model in the absence of population pressure and demonstrate how the sensing length of long-range taxis influences the range expansion pattern of invasive species and its rate of spread. The effects of population pressure are examined for both homogeneous and periodic patchy environments. For the homogeneous environment, an exact and explicit traveling wave solution and the spreading speed are obtained. For the periodic patchy environment, we find numerically that a population starting from any localized distribution evolves to a traveling periodic wave if the null solution of the RDA equation is locally unstable, and that the traveling wave speed significantly increases with increasing population pressure. Furthermore, the population pressure and taxis intensity synergistically enhance the spreading speed when they are increased together.

Effects of Urbanization on the Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Red Sea Coastal Sediments, Egypt

The total concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni and Co) were determined in surface sediments from the coastal area of the Red Sea in four cities (Ras-Gharib, Hurghada, Safaga, and Qusier). In all sediment samples, the mean concentration ranges in (µg/g) of the studied metals were 11.2-145.3, 14.2-225.5, 18.5-90.8, 1.4-5.6, 1373-31,089, 72.5-758.5, 15.3-65.7 and 10.2-26.3, respectively. The effects of population pressure and different activities on metal contamination were evaluated, and metals were grouped according to sources of contamination using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Maritime activities in Hurghada showed highest risk of contamination with Cu, Zn and Pb, while the sediments of Safaga City showed highest contaminated with Fe and Mn. The sediments quality and ecological risk of heavy metals were assessed relating to the sediments background levels of metals and calculating contamination factor (CF), metal pollution load index (MPI), enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I geo ). Average values of EF showed that Pb and Cd were highly enriched from anthropogenic contamination. The recorded (I geo ) values of Co and Cd were categorized as moderately polluted, while Pb was strongly effective pollutant in the studied sediments.

The Effect of Population Pressure and Internal Migration on Land Conflicts: Implications for Agricultural Productivity in Uganda

Despite the increasing incidence of land-conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa and their deleterious effects on agricultural performance, empirical studies on their determinants and consequences are scant. This study uses community-, household-, and parcel-level data from rural Uganda to examine the causes and consequences of different forms of land-related conflicts. We pay special attention to how population pressure and internal migration affects land conflicts. We find more land conflict cases in migrant host and ethnically diverse communities. We also find a higher probability of having land conflicts in districts that have had high population growth rates. As a consequence, we find that the yield is 22% lower on parcels with land conflicts than on parcels without conflicts, owned by the same household. After unbundling conflicts, we find that eviction conflicts hurt productivity more than other conflict types. Parcels with eviction conflicts have 45% lower yield compared with those without conflicts. Our results suggest that population pressure and internal migration weakens social cohesion and hence negatively affects community-specific informal land arrangements and conflict resolution mechanisms, which in turn, result in land conflicts. Ethnic diversity increases the likelihood of eviction-related conflicts which hurts production. Indeed we find that farmers in migrant host communities are less likely to consult informal conflict resolution channels when faced with conflicts.

Effect of population pressure on oasis agriculture (1984–2003) in Jinta Oasis, arid Northwestern China

Effect of population pressure on oasis agriculture (1984–2003) in Jinta Oasis, arid Northwestern China

Population pressure and dynamics of household livelihoods in an Ethiopian Village: an elaboration of the Boserup-Chayanovian framework

The purpose of this study is to analyse the mechanisms and effects of population pressure on rural livelihood system in South central Ethiopia from 1950 to 2004. In Sub-Sahara Africa population pressure takes two different forms: (1) a pressure on existing household to accommodate a growing number of children (change in household dependency ratio); (2) An increased demand for new livelihood positions in a situation where the total resources available for households may be constrained (change in density ratio). We blended the approaches of Boserup and Chayanov to understand how families make their living when dependency and density ratios change over time. We collected data using a life course and cohort study approaches to capture the dynamics and to compare the past with the present. We found out that livelihood strategies took different forms when both dependency and density ratios were low and when they were on the increase. When both ratios were low livelihood strategies took the form of agricultural extensification and this was due to the relative availability of land. When both ratios were on the increase, livelihood strategies took the forms of agricultural intensification and diversification.

A review of the effects of population pressure on watershed management practices in the Lake Victoria Basin

A review of the effects of population pressure on watershed management practices in the Lake Victoria Basin

Population pressure and fertility in pre-transition Thailand

Before the demographic transition in Thailand, fertility was high, but not uniformly so. As in other pre-transition settings, Thai fertility responded to pressures and opportunities created by socioeconomic structure and land availability. Drawing upon provincial data from the 1947 and 1960 censuses of Thailand, we find a strong 'frontier effect' on Thai fertility in the 1950s. Fertility was higher in sparsely settled frontier provinces and lower in provinces with higher population density relative to cultivatable land. This finding is robust and holds up with controls for agricultural employment, land quality, and the sex ratio (an indicator of sex-selective migration). The effect of population pressure lowers the likelihood of marriage and of marital fertility. The findings from Thailand are consistent with the research of Easterlin on the nineteenth century United States and with other pre-transition societies. We suggest how demographic transition theory might be broadened to include fertility dynamics in pre-transition societies.

Impact of Population Pressure on Food Production: An Analysis of Land Use Change and Subsistence Pattern in the Tari Basin in Papua New Guinea Highlands

The impact of increase in population on land use and subsistence pattern was examined in two environmentally contrasting Huli-speaking communities, Heli and Wenani, in the Tari basin in Papua New Guinea Highlands. Despite the similar extent of population increase in both communities, the damage to land differed markedly. In Heli, a decrease in land productivity owing to excessive agricultural use has induced farmers to shorten the fallow duration, which in turn has led to further land degradation and difficulties in increasing food production. In contrast, Wenani villagers have coped with the population increase by enlarging areas for cultivation and possibly will be able to double their present production level, although increasingly frequent disputes over land rights have restricted peoples' access to fertile areas. During a period of climatic perturbations in 1994, land and labor productivities of crops were three times higher in Wenani than in Heli, which suffered a severe food shortage. This difference in ability to cope with climatic perturbations may have increased with population growth. The findings in the present study suggest that the effects of population pressure on food production may differ between communities, depending on the indigenous environment and subsistence pattern.

Population Pressure, Mobility, and Socio-Economic Change in Mountainous Environments: Regions of Refuge in Comparative Perspective

This paper examines demographic and socioeconomic forces in high isolated parts of the world. These regions were not always isolated; they were once the centers of their own particular worlds which, in some cases, were complex civilizations. It is their relegation to the very periphery of the modern world that is the principal theme of this paper. Population migration, both into and out of these areas, has played a vital role in linking mountainous regions to the wider world. Particular attention is paid to the part played by the traditional mobility patterns and by the resource base of the mountains in the transformation of integral, self-sufficient cultures into dependent, subservient part-cultures, the regions of refuge. The effect of population pressure and the development of outmigration from the Andes of Peru is examined first and the analysis extended to the highlands of Papua-New Guinea and to several regions in the Himalayan arc to provide the background for a comparative study of regions of refuge.

Population and Food Dynamics: A Caloric Measurement in Egypt

Post-World War II studies of Egypt's economy devote considerable attention to her population growth and agricultural development. Such attention is necessary in that Egypt, (though) so limited in its habitable land, has experienced a quadrupling of population during the present century; and, as its most important sector is still agricultural, more than half of that population is concentrated in rural areas. Therefore, studies have focused on the effects of population pressure on the distribution of agricultural income, on the agrarian reforms of 1952 and 1961, and particularly on population growth and policies.

Regional viewpoints on population growth: Indian subcontinent.

The countries of the Indian subcontinent provide some of the world's most evident case studies of the deleterious effects of population pressure. They also have undertaken some of the world's most massive family planning programs. India was the first country to declare a national population policy and to mount a nationwide family planning program. Pakistan and present day Bangladesh had a prolonged period during which the national family planning program had a separate organization with extremely high priority and official support. Continuing famines and two major wars in 25 years have contributed to high mortality. Nonetheless, population growth in these countries continues its inexorable upward curve. On the other hand, these programs must also be credited with some real successes and the birth rates in several Indian states are falling.

Effect of Population Pressure Upon Rate of Growth and Food Conversion of Fingerling Cutthroat Trout

Effect of Population Pressure Upon Rate of Growth and Food Conversion of Fingerling Cutthroat Trout