Effect Of Pits Research Articles

Dislocation-related leakage-current paths of 4H silicon carbide

Improving the quality of 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) epitaxial layers to reduce the leakage current of 4H-SiC based high-power devices is a long-standing issue in the development of 4H-SiC homoepitaxy. In this work, we compare the effect of different type of dislocations, and discriminate the effect of dislocation lines and dislocation-related pits on the leakage current of 4H-SiC by combining molten-KOH etching and the tunneling atomic force microscopy (TUNA) measurements. It is found that both the dislocation lines of threading dislocations (TDs) and the TD-related pits increase the reverse leakage current of 4H-SiC. The dislocation lines of TDs exert more significant effect on the reverse leakage current of 4H-SiC, which gives rise to the nonuniform distribution of reverse leakage current throughout the TD-related pits. Due to the different Burgers vectors of TDs, the effect of TDs on the reverse leakage current of 4H-SiC increases in the order to threading edge dislocation (TED), threading screw dislocation (TSD) and threading mixed dislocation (TMD). Basal plane dislocations (BPDs) are also found to slightly increase the reverse leakage current, with the leakage current mainly concentrated at the core of the BPD. Compared to the effect of TDs, the effect of BPDs on the reverse leakage current of 4H-SiC is negligible. Our work indicates that reducing the density of TDs, especially TMDs and TSDs, is key to improve the quality of 4H-SiC epitaxial layers and reduce the reverse leakage current of 4H-SiC based high -power devices.

Numerical investigation of effects of artificial excavation pit on transformation and runup processes of tsunami-like wave over fringing reef

In recent years, excavating materials from the reef flat gradually becomes the main source of sand and aggregate for the coral-lined coasts in tropical and subtropical regions, especially the low-laying atoll islands. These artificial excavation pits are bound to have significant impacts on the wave hydrodynamics over the fringing reefs. However, effects of the excavation pit on the hydrodynamic characteristics of tsunami-like wave over the fringing reef are few studied. To fill the knowledge gap of previous research, effects of artificial excavation pit on the transformation and runup processes of tsunami-like wave over the fringing reef have been systematically investigated in this study based on a high-resolution two-phase flow model. Effects of several main factors are carefully discussed. Research results indicate that the presence of excavation pit can have noticeable influences on the wave transformation and runup processes of tsunami-like wave over the fringing reef. Complex interactions between the breaking surge bore and the water body in the excavation pit can be observed. The complicated flow field in the pit can dissipate more wave energy and result in a lower maximum wave runup height. However, the local wave height near the pit in most situations can be amplified. It is hoped that the research findings can broaden the understandings on the wave hydrodynamics over the fringing reef with the artificial excavation pit.

A frequency‐dependent high‐cycle fatigue damage model and its application in crack nucleation of marine riser from corrosion pits

AbstractBased on the continuum damage mechanics theory, a frequency‐dependent high‐cycle fatigue damage evolution model was established. According to the fatigue results of API X80 steel, the frequency‐dependent damage evolution parameters were regressed. Using the available riser mechanical model, the user subroutine of high‐cycle fatigue damage evolution was compiled, and the accelerating effect of corrosion pits on fatigue crack initiation of the marine riser was analyzed. The results show that a single corrosion pit at the surface can reduce crack nucleation life by more than 80%. In a double corrosion pits' case, the stress interference between pits significantly affects the crack nucleation. Circumferential double pits can produce a fatigue crack earlier than the single pit, but the effect of axial double pits is just the opposite. When the spacing reaches a certain distance, the stress interference disappears, and the crack nucleation life approaches that of a single pit case.

Comparative evaluation of clinical efficiency of application of pit and fissures sealant performed under microscope and loupes

Aim: To compare the clinical effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants applied under naked eye, magnifying loupes, and microscope. Materials and Method: This study was carried out on 30 permanent molar teeth of patients aged between 6-9 years. The clinical examination of all patients included visual inspection with the aid of a dental mirror, probe, explorer, cotton rolls, and radiographic imaging. Sufficient lighting was also utilized during the examination. The study was divided into three groups. The procedure for the application of pit and fissure remains the same. However, group A was performed under naked eyes, group B under magnified loupes, and group C under a microscope. After the procedure teeth were analyzed for retention. Statistical Analysis Uses: Statistical analysis used was Rydges Criteria with a comparison of results from the same. Results: Observations vary greatly when the sealant is applied clinically vs. with loupes and microscopes. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that bubble formation was among the highly significant criteria on application with naked eyes compared to the microscope and magnifying loupes, which didn’t illustrate the same. Conclusion: The result of this research illustrates that bubble formation on applying pit and fissure sealant suggests that microorganisms could still penetrate the area of the pit and fissure, which might cause dental decay later in life. Teeth with partially retained sealants are more susceptible to developing caries lesions than those with fully covered pits and fissures because particles and food can accumulate in the uncovered areas.

On local strength of a spherical vessel with pits distributed along the equator

The effect of multiple shallow corrosion pits on the strength of a spherical vessel subjected to internal pressure is studied. The pits are considered both randomly and evenly distributed along the equator on the outer surface of the vessel. The dependencies of the stress concentration factor on the number of the pits are compared for linearly elastic and elastic-plastic material with hardening. The behavior of the vessels made of elastic and elastoplastic materials turned out to be qualitatively different. The approximation of periodic pits arrangement is discussed.

Effect of a bioactive pit and fissure sealant on demineralized human enamel: in vitro study

BackgroundIncorporation of bioactive agent into pit and fissure sealant would halt demineralization and promote further remineralization. The aim was to assess the effect of bioactive and fluoride fissure sealants on calcium and phosphate content and surface topography of artificially demineralized enamel in young permanent teeth.Methods30 sound extracted premolars free from cracks or any developmental anomalies were used. They were divided into group I bioactive fissure sealant, group II fluoride fissure sealant and group III no material applied. Each tooth was divided into halves in a buccolingual direction and evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) at baseline, demineralization and after applying the material. Another set of 7 sound extracted premolars was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the same phases.ResultsEDX showed that regaining calcium to demineralized enamel was significantly higher with bioactive sealant than either fluoride or the control group. SEM revealed minerals deposits with formation of distinct white zone at tooth/sealant interface for both pit and fissure sealant groups. Whereas no white zone formation was detected in control group.ConclusionsIncorporating bioactive material into pit and fissure sealant through microcapsules provided better results than incorporating fluoride by enhancing the biological process of remineralization. Clinical relevance: The more use of bioactive pit and fissure sealant would maintain the occlusal surfaces as sound structures and decrease the need for operative procedures to restore teeth cavitation.

Cyclic and Fragility Analysis of a Corroded Bridge Reinforced by Steel Plates under Mainshock and Aftershock Sequences

The corrosion of steel bars embedded in concrete structures results in the degradation of their structural capacity. In earthquake-prone zones, the corroded structure may be considerably vulnerable under mainshock–aftershock sequences relative to a single mainshock. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce corroded structures to resist potential natural hazards. In this study, the effects of both pitting and uniform corrosion on the structural capacity of a bridge pier before and after strengthening were studied. Subsequently, the failure probability of a corroded bridge was calculated, which is conditional on the corrosion level, steel plate thickness, and ground-motion intensity. The findings implied that both pitting and uniform corrosions significantly reduced the capacity of the bridge pier, particularly pitting corrosion. The fragility curves showed that with an increased thickness of the steel plate, the probability of failure decreases if the intensity of the mainshock–aftershock sequences is higher than the threshold value. In addition, the threshold value has a high correlation with the thickness of the steel plate and the corrosion ratio.

Coupling mechanism between systematic elastic deformation and gear surface damage

Understanding the coupling mechanism between systematic elastic deformation and gear tooth surface damage is particularly helpful for us to explore the life-cycle surface damage evolution process. A deformable body dynamic model of gear transmission systems is developed to acquire the systematic elastic deformation. Then the equivalent meshing deviation parameters, which are used to quantify the systematic deformation, are imported into a hybrid finite element-analytical contact model to acquire the load distribution under non-ideal meshing conditions. Considering the concurrent effects of surface wear and pitting, a generalized surface damage model is developed based on the transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. An interactive calculation scheme is built to realize the damage simulation over the life-cycle evolution process. Distinguishing from the conventional models, the proposed multi-physics model bridges the macroscopic systematic deformation and microscopic behaviours (local contact state and damage initiation mechanism). A two-staged gear test rig is utilized to verify the proposed model. Based on the proposed model, the coupling mechanism amongst the tribo-dynamic behaviours, systematic elastic deformation and life-cycle fault characteristics are analysed. It is revealed that the bending-induced asymmetric load distribution will lead to severe pitting at one edge of the gear surface; The life-cycle dynamic performance can be significantly improved by optimizing the supporting configuration. This work can provide the theoretical basis for the tooth fault prognosis, physics-based condition monitoring and configuration design.

Concentration of desulfurization wastewater using low-temperature flue gas and associated corrosion risk.

The low-temperature flue gas concentration is an effective pretreatment strategy to realize the zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater. However, the water quality changes during concentration and potential risks are not transparent. In this work, the concentration process is conducted on a lab-scale platform. The results show that the ion concentrations of wastewater does not increase linearly straightforwardly during the experiment, mainly due to the complex interaction between ions. Besides, the average size of precipitated products increases from 8.73 to 23.19μm, which could be ascribed to the aggregation effect. The microscopic and spectroscopic characterization analysis further confirms this effect. In addition, the potential risk of corrosion is investigated. The decreased pH and the increasing corrosive ions concentration intensified the pitting effect on metals. The concentrated desulfurization wastewater exhibited a strong pitting effect on 20# carbon steel (corrosion rate of 1.2113 mm·a-1.), while 316 stainless steel shows excellent corrosion resistance (corrosion rate of 0.0994 mm·a-1.). This work provides a reference for the low-temperature flue gas concentration technology and would serve as an essential guideline for practical engineering.

Large Scale Model Test Study of Foundation Pit Supported by Pile Anchors

Due to the special time–space and environmental effects of the foundation pit, there are many unstable factors in the construction process of the field test. The indoor model test can avoid many uncertainties in the construction process due to its operability, which can reduce the interference with the test results and improve the accuracy of the test. In order to further discuss the force-bearing characteristics and deformation laws of loess pits’ support structure in Northwest China, a large model test of foundation pit supported by a pile anchor with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:10 was designed and completed. The force and deformation characteristics of the support structure were systematically studied by simulating the conditions of additional load at the pit edge, soil layered excavated, and anchors tensioned. The test results show that: for the pile-anchor support structure, the anchors have significant limiting effects on the displacement of the piles. Especially, when the position of the first row of anchors is closer to the pile top, the displacement of the pile is smaller. The stress state of the piles was changed by the prestressed anchor. The passive stress state of piles is changed from one side of tension and the other side of compression to the active stress state of “S” shape, which makes the distribution of the bending moment of piles more reasonable. The measured earth pressure in the process of soil unloading has a nonlinear distribution, which is different from the classical Rankine earth pressure distribution; specifically, the passive earth pressure in front of the pile is more obvious. In addition, the prestress applied to the anchors has a more significant effect on the internal forces of the other anchors. Compared with sequential tensioning, the prestress loss caused by interval hole tensioning is significantly reduced. The greater the number of spaced holes, the smaller the prestress loss and the better the anchoring effect of the anchor. The results of the study can provide reference for similar model tests, and also for related engineering applications.

Investigating the Dynamic Nexus between Non-Oil Taxes and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach

This paper examines the dynamic nexus between non-oil taxes and economic growth in Nigeria. The volatile nature of oil prices has threatened the balance and stability of public expenditure and the budgetary system as a tool for stimulating growth in Nigeria, hence the motivation to look into the prospects of the non-oil sector as a driver of growth. Secondary data covering the period 1994-2019 was used for this study. This period is selected to ensure that there are no missing data especially for VAT which began in 1994, therefore, using earlier periods will introduce missing data into the estimation. Standard time series econometric techniques were utilized in the study such as descriptive analysis, unit root testing, co-integration test and granger causality testing. The Autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) was then employed in the model estimation. The long-run results show the effect of non-oil taxes on economic growth in Nigeria and observed that the effect of log (VAT) on economic growth is negative. Specifically, the result indicates that an increase in VAT revenue by 1% results in decline in GDP by about 0.21% and the result is significant at 5%. In the case of CED, the result shows that the economic growth is impacted positively. Specifically, a 1% rise in CED revenue stimulates growth by 0.113%, and the result is significant at 10%. Also, the effect of PIT revenue on growth is negative and significant at 5% and specifically, a 1% increase in PIT revenue results in decline in economic growth by 0.599%. The result shows that CIT has a positive impact on economic growth, and it is significant at 5%. This implies that a 1% increase in CIT revenue increases economic growth by 0.5757%. The findings of the above have the following implications. First, the negative effect of PIT and VAT on growth suggests that there is a need for fiscal authorities to re-examine these taxes and hence high VAT and PIT rates may be counter-productive for growth. Secondly, CIT and CED show positive growth effects and hence there is a need for effective and accountable expenditure framework that will ensure optimization of public expenditure in this regards.

Research on the spatial effect of foundation pit under asymmetric loads

Abstract: This research describes the evolution of the spatial effects of foundation pits considering internal support and external loads. Based on the existing concept of “plane strain ratio”, the term “plane strain ratio considering maximum surface settlement” is proposed to characterize the spatial effects of an asymmetric foundation pit. A series of finite element model calculations were carried out using the Nanchang Aixi Lake foundation pit, including 1) the calculation of simulated actual conditions, 2) the calculation of simulated full symmetric load, and 3) the calculation of simulated asymmetric load. The results indicate that for the symmetric condition at 20 kPa and below, the spatial effect range increases as the load increases. For the symmetric condition above 20 kPa, the load has a negligible impact on the spatial effect range. On the side with a larger load under asymmetric loading conditions, the spatial effect of the working condition below 30 kPa is smaller than the corresponding symmetric load. On the side with a smaller load, the spatial effect of the working condition above 80 kPa increases compared with that of the corresponding symmetrical load. Given and verified are the modified fitting equations that take into account the influence range of spatial effect on both sides of the foundation pit under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads.

Degradation of artificially corroded galvanized high-strength steel wires: Corrosion morphology and mechanical behavior

• Four typical pit morphologies exist on the corroded steel wires. • Pit depth and uniform corrosion depth are in constant competition while the competition tends to stabilize when corrosion loss is more than 10%. • Ductility degradation is greater than strength and the ductility degradation is related to the ratio of pit depth to residual radius. The corrosion morphology of artificially galvanized high-strength steel wires and its effect on mechanical behavior was presented. The corrosion morphology was obtained by 3D optical scanner. Four typical pit morphologies on corroded wires were identified, namely conical pit, hemispherical pit, combined pit and secondary pit. The probabilistic density function of cross-sectional parameters under different corrosion degree were modeled by normal distribution, and the evolution of model parameters was obtained. Based on the proposed evolution model, the maximum cross-sectional area loss was estimated by ‘3 σ rule’ of normal distribution function. Subsequently, the effect of corrosion pits on the mechanical behavior of corroded wires was discussed. It shows that the ductility degradation of corroded wires is much greater than that of strength, the ductility degradation is closely related to the ratio of pit depth to residual radius. Besides, it was found that the probabilistic density function of the ratio of pit depth to uniform corrosion depth tends to stabilize when the corrosion loss is more than 10%, which indicates that the surface of corroded wire with corrosion pits is uniformly thinning.

Experimental study on mechanical properties and low-cycle fatigue behaviour of stainless steels subjected to salt spray and dry/wet cycle

This paper presents experimental studies on the mechanical properties and low-cycle fatigue behaviour of corroded austenitic stainless steel (304) and ferritic stainless steel (430). Tensile and low-cycle fatigue tests are conducted on 28 specimens. The corrosion process of the specimens is finished by using salt spray and dry/wet cycle tests. In the tensile tests, the key parameters of the constitutive model proposed by both Rasmussen and Gardner were obtained for austenitic stainless steel (304) and ferritic stainless steel (430). In the low-cycle fatigue test, the relationships of the stress amplitude and fatigue life of the specimens were obtained. The relationships of the mass loss, corrosion rate and cross-sectional area loss with the corrosion time are established. The influences of corrosion pits and fatigue cracks on the low-cycle fatigue behaviour of these two materials are studied through both macro and micro fracture morphology analysis. It is found that compared with the salt spray, the dry/wet cycle condition causes more degradation on the strength and fatigue life of the ferritic stainless steel (430). The stress concentration and notch effect of corrosion pits are the main reasons for the degradation in fatigue life of ferritic stainless steel (430). Moreover, current codes Eurocode 3 (EC3), Australian Standard (AS), BSI Standard (BSI) and DNV Standard (DNV) could not provide accurate fatigue life assessment for these two materials after salt spray and dry/wet cycle corrosions.

Mechanical Investigation of Carbon Steel under Strong Corrosion Effected by Corrosion Pits

This study investigated the effect of corrosion pits on the mechanical degradation of steel Q345 under strong acid corrosion. The experiment on a total of 27 steel Q345 specimens corroded by 36% industrial hydrochloric acid for 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively, is conducted to study failure mode and stress-strain curves. After that, a noncontact topography scanner (DSX500) scanned geometric parameters of corrosion pits in steel Q345 to establish its mechanical degradation. The surface morphology and the corresponding degradation law of corroded steel are also revealed. In addition, the steel plastic fracture criterion taking into account equivalent plastic fracture strain and average stress triaxiality T is adopted to propose the uniform pit model. The analysis results show that the failure mode gradually changes from ductile to brittle. It is noted that the depth and relative size of the corrosion pit are the main factors affecting the increase of the maximum pit coefficient. Further, FEM based on uniform corrosion pits is found by the flexible damage evolution criterion. Its calculation results are entirely consistent with experimental results, indicating that this model can mirror the surface morphology of steel suffering strong corrosion, and simulated accurately stress flow law and necking failure of strong corrosion steel. The proposed criterion is validated with verification results and can provide good references for the design of steel bridges under strong corrosion.

The aspect of the corrosion pitting with fretting fatigue on Aluminum Alloy: A nuclear reactor safety or an aerospace structural failure phenomenon

Since wear and other surface decaying processes as Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and Gridto-rod fretting failure (due to fuel rod vibration) can risk the lifespan of nuclear reactors, surface modification and other life degradation reducing attempts are being adopted for Aluminum alloys in such sophisticated applications like nuclear or aerospace components. In this research work, fretting fatigue and artificial pitting effect on heat-treated Al-Mg-Si alloy (Al 6061-T6) have been studied. Experimental observations have been authenticated by developing a FEM (Finite Element Method) model using simulation software ANSYS. Fretting causes a noticeable reduction in fatigue life at high cycle fatigue tests. However, it is difficult to differentiate between fretting and normal fatigue curve lines at low cycle fatigue. The fracture surface schematic shows how fretting affects crack initiation to final rupture. Interestingly, it has been found that pitting reduces the lifetime of Aluminum more abruptly than normal and even fretting fatigue. This study suggests more concentration on pitting by corrosion or others as well as geometry irregularities than the fretting aspect comparatively.

Numerical and theoretical study of buckling behavior of corroded H-section eccentric compression steel columns

To investigate the effect of corrosion damage on the buckling behavior of H-section eccentric compression steel columns, more than 200 finite element models with different load eccentricities, corrosion degrees, zones and areas were established by the software ABAQUS. Based on the experiment and finite element results, the modified effective width method for eccentric compression steel columns considering the local buckling was also proposed. The results showed that the failure modes of corroded eccentric compression columns were related to the load eccentricities, corrosion degrees and corrosion zones. With the increasing of corrosion degree, the buckling half-wavelength of steel columns gradually became shorter. Meanwhile, the yield load, ultimate load and critical buckling load of eccentric compression columns gradually decreased with the increasing of thickness loss and pit depth, but the effect of corrosion pits was less than that of thickness loss. In addition, when the corrosion occurred on the tension flange of the eccentric compression columns with small eccentricity, the tension flange gradually changed from tensile state to compression state with the buckling failure. The interaction of load eccentricities and corrosion degrees changed the real load eccentricity of compression steel columns, which leaded to the changes in the failure modes and affected the variation law of characteristic loads. Finally, the proposed formula could accurately predict the buckling behavior and ultimate load of corroded eccentric compression steel members.

Assesment of electrochemical machining-induced pitting geometry on fatigue performance of flexible pipes’ tensile armor wires

In the extraction and production of oil and gas in sea environments, multiple components and systems are used, among them, flexible dynamic pipes, responsible for the transport of fluids. Because they are exposed to mechanical stress and corrosive conditions, it is important to assess the fatigue performance of the flexible pipe's components when there are signs of corrosion on their surfaces. Especially, the steel wires that bear the mechanical load during a riser's operation, are often vulnerable components to failure derived from the combination of corrosion and oscillating loads. The present work has the objective to assess the effects of corrosion pits, characterized by their dimensions, quantities and location, in the fatigue life of flexible pipes' tension wires. To make possible the correlation of the pits' parameters with their fatigue performance, the electrical discharge machining process was used, allowing a greater control of pits' development when compared to natural corrosion. The Taguchi method was employed to reduce the total amount of parameter combinations to be tested and to ascertain the effects of each parameter in the fatigue performance. Some pits obtained by electrical discharge machining didn't have the determined dimensions, especially the narrower and deeper pits. Fatigue tests were conducted in tensile armor wire specimens to assess the number of cycles to failure at pre-defined load levels. The fatigue testing results of electrical discharge machining corroded specimens suggest a more significant effect of the pits' diameter in reducing the fatigue performance, when compared to the controlled parameters of depth, quantity, location and aspect ratio. The maximum cycles reduction was around 73%, for wider pits, located in the planar face of the specimen, and the minimum reduction, around 40%, for narrower pits, located at the edge of the specimen.

Effect of pit and plastic bag methods and some additives on chemical composition of grass-legume mixture silages

This study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, the experimental field of the University of Sulaimani, during the growing season of 2012 – 2013. The experiment used two methods of making silage (pit method and plastic/ bag method) by making 18 pits with 100×80×100 cm, and 18 plasticbags sized 22 litter. Each silos contained three different forage types: grasses include whole barley and oat; alfalfa as legume and mixture. Those material were treated with two additives of sugar and molasses;solutions at a rate of 1:10; additives were used to improve silage preservation.The factorial design with a complete randomized block design (CRBD) experiment with three replications were used to analysis this study.Themostimportantresults indicatedthat the highest carbohydrates, ash, crude fat, crude fiber and moisture contents of 15.299, 8.580, 2.966, 18.399, and 70.536 % respectively, were achieved by using plastic bags method. The result showed that the highest carbohydrate content of 16.623% was achieved by using plastic methodwith grasses. However, the highest crude protein content of 22.037% was achieved by using pits with plant mixture and sugar. The highest pH value of 5.527 was recorded by the interaction among pits, plant mixture, and molasses. The highest dry matter content of 36.65% of was recorded by the interaction among plastic, grasses and sugar.The maximum carbohydrates content of 15.693% was achieved by using grasses, while legumes gave the highest contents of ash, crude fat, crude protein and dry matter. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the method of using plastic bags was significant than pits method, the pits method with a mixture of (grasses and legumes) withmolasses produced maximum crude fiber, moisture, crude fat, and dry matter contents.

Polyphenols Sourced from Ilex latifolia Thunb. Relieve Intestinal Injury via Modulating Ferroptosis in Weanling Piglets under Oxidative Stress.

Polyphenols sourced from Ilex latifolia Thunb. (PIT) contain high levels of phenolic acids, tannic acids, triterpenoids and so on, which play important roles in antioxidant function. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of PIT against intestinal injury in piglets under oxidative stress. Thirty-two weanling piglets were arranged by a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with diets (basal diet vs. PIT diet) and oxidative stress (saline vs. diquat). All piglets were injected with saline or diquat on d 21, respectively. After 7 days, all pigs were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. PIT enhanced jejunal villus heights and crypt depth in the piglets under oxidative stress. PIT increased the activities of intestinal mucosal lactase, sucrase and maltase in the challenged piglets. PIT also increased the jejunal ratio of protein to DNA and ileal protein content. PIT increased the jejunal activities of GSH-PX and GSH content and reduced the ileal MDA amounts. Furthermore, PIT regulated the expression of ferroptosis mediators, such as TFR1, HSPB1, SLC7A11 and GPX4. These results indicate that dietary PIT supplementation enhances the histological structure and function of the intestinal mucosa, which is involved in modulating antioxidant capacity and ferroptosis.