Effects Of Exercise Program Research Articles

Effects of an 8-week lunge exercise on an unstable support surface on lower-extremity muscle function and balance in middle-aged women.

This study aimed to develop a more effective exercise program for lower extremity muscle function by evaluating the effects of an 8-week lunge exercise performed on an unstable support surface on lower extremity muscle function, body composition, and body balance in middle-aged women. Twenty participants were divided into two groups (control group: exercise on a stable support surface, n=10; experimental group: exercise on an unsta ble support surface, n=10). Each participant performed the exercise program for 8 weeks (three sessions a week, 50 min/session). The results revealed that body fat percentage decreased significantly in the experimental group (p<0.01). Additionally, lower-extremity muscle mass and function increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05), but with no significant difference between the groups. Moreover, the results of the static and dynamic balance tests indicated that balance improved in both groups, with significantly greater improvements in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Lunge exercise on stable and unstable support surfaces improves muscle function and static balance in middle-aged women. In particular, lunge exercise on an unstable support surface was more effective at reducing body fat than lunge exercise on a stable support surface and was also found to improve dynamic balance. Therefore, a program consisting of lunge exercises on an unstable support surface may be suitable for body improvements in middle-aged women.

Effects of Physical Exercise Program in Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities-A Study Protocol.

We developed a physical exercise (PE) program for people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), aiming to determine the effects on physical fitness, health, cognitive ability, and quality of life (QoL). Using experimental methodology, this intervention study recruited 21 adults (18 to 65 years old), institutionalized and with no other associated pathology, who will be allocated to one of the different groups: (i) gym/indoor intervention group (using weight machines), (ii) outdoor intervention group (using low-cost materials), or (iii) control group (without specific intervention, who continue with their normal daily activities). Both intervention groups will engage in 45 min of training per session, twice a week, for 24 weeks. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (initial assessment), 3 months (mid-term assessment), and 6 months (final assessment). Variables assessed include anthropometrics, body composition, functional capacity, muscle strength, general health, cognitive ability, and QoL. The results of this study will assist in the development of more effective strategies, recommendations, and interventions to ensure better and greater adherence to PE by institutionalized individuals with IDD, namely, recommendations for assessment, prescription, and implementation of PE for this population. Additionally, we intend to make available two PE programs, if they are adapted and promote positive effects.

The Influence of Various Exercise Regimens for Improving Bone Health of Postmenopausal Women – A Review

Women of this era juggle with infinite responsibilities attempting to attain perfection in almost all roles they play. These engagements exhaust them leaving a shortfall for health care. Menstruation was the taboo behind womanhood restrictions which has become an easy go for women of this generation. Care and concern on the menstrual health happen only after they encounter problems. Postmenopausal bone health is one key problem that leads to critical conditions if un-attended. Aim: The purpose of this study was to review researches on various exercise regimens and identify best suitable effective exercise programs for enhancing post-menopausal bone health of women. Methods: To achieve the purpose of the study, 150 original research articles related to post-menopausal bone health of women published in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were collected and reviewed. The inclusionary criteria set for this work were age range of women, type of exercise, bone health parameters, indication, contraindications, duration of the exercise and the exclusionary criteria were exercises for women who work night shifts, women with associated conditions and women post hysterectomy. Result and Discussion: Among the reviewed 150 articles, 28 articles suggest combined program to be the best suitable for Postmenopausal women. Conclusion: Postmenopausal aged women shall involve in 2 or 3 types of exercise to improve bone health and prevent osteoporosis post-menopausal. Yoga, swimming and resistance training are found to be the best exercise regimens to improve bone health of post-menopausal women.

Abstract 13

Background:The prevalence of children obesity is rising alarmingly in both developed and developing countries. Developing effective exercise programs is a strategy for decreasing this prevalence and limiting obesity-associated long-term comorbidities.Objectives:To determine whether a 16-week training program; in addition to the school physical education and without dietary intervention; could have beneficial effects on body composition and aerobic capacity of obese children.Materials and Methods:Twenty-eight obese children (16 boys, 12 girls; aged 12-14 years) were enrolled and were divided into either the exercise group (EG, n = 14) or the control group (CG, n = 14). EG participated in a 16-week aerobic exercises (four 60-min sessions per week at 70-85% of HRmax (maximum heart rate)), in addition to the school physical education. Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Fat Mass (FM) were assessed with bioelectrical impedance equipment. To assess aerobic capacity, maximal metabolic equivalent of task (METmax) and maximal workload (Wmax) were estimated with an electronically braked cycle ergometer (type Ergoline 500®).Results:At baseline, there were no differences between the two groups. After the training program, only the EG showed significant reduction in BMI (body mass index) and waist circumference compared with the baseline values (P < 0.001). Exercise training significantly decreased FM only in the EG. A significant increase in FFM was seen in both groups; more marked in the EG. There was a significant increase in METmax (P < 0.05) and Wmax (P = 0.02) in the EG, and no significant changes in these parameters were seen in the CG. HRmax significantly decreased only in the EG (P < 0.05).Conclusion:This training program has beneficial effects on body composition and aerobic capacity parameters in obese children. Our intervention has the advantage of providing a sustainable and reproducible school and community approach for the management of children obesity.

Effects of Physical Exercise on Executive Function in Adults with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Executive function is among the most affected cognitive dimensions in depression. Physical exercise may improve executive function (e.g., working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility), although this is without consensus on adults with depression. Through this systematic review, we aim to elucidate the effects of physical exercise programs on executive functions in adults with depression. The literature search was performed in four relevant electronic databases, combining keywords and medical subject headings, from inception until September 2022. Controlled interventions, involving adults with depression, and reporting working memory, inhibition, and/or cognitive flexibility pre-post-intervention data, were considered includable. Results from meta-analyses included effect size (ES, i.e., Hedges' g) values reported with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), with p set at ≤0.05. Seven studies were included, including 202 men and 457 women (age: 21.0-51.2 years; mild-moderate depression). For working memory, a small favoring effect was observed in the experimental groups compared with controls (ES = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.04-0.61; p = 0.026; I2 = 64.9%). For inhibition, physical exercise had a small favoring non-significant effect compared with controls (ES = 0.28, 95%CI = -0.17-0.74; p = 0.222; I2 = 72.4%). Compared with the control group, physical exercise had a trivial effect on cognitive flexibility (ES = 0.09, 95%CI = -0.21-0.39; p = 0.554; I2 = 68.4%). In conclusion, physical exercise interventions may improve working memory behavioral measures in adults with mild-to-moderate depression when compared with active and passive control conditions. However, the reduced number of available high-quality studies precludes more lucid conclusions.

Passive Muscle Stiffness of Biceps Femoris is Acutely Reduced after Eccentric Knee Flexion.

Eccentric hamstring exercises reportedly prevent hamstring strain injury in the biceps femoris long head (BFlh). However, information on the favorable adaptive responses in the BFlh to eccentric hamstring exercises is limited. We aimed to examine the acute effect of maximal isokinetic eccentric knee flexion on passive BFlh stiffness as a potential risk factor for the hamstring strain injury using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Ten young participants randomly performed both tasks involving five consecutive repetitions of isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee flexion with maximal effort on different legs. Passive BFlh shear modulus was taken before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 s after each task. Passive BFlh shear modulus was significantly reduced at all time points after eccentric knee flexion, whereas there was no significant change in passive BFlh shear modulus after the concentric task. The present findings indicate that passive BFlh stiffness would reduce specifically after low-volume, slow-velocity eccentric knee flexion exercise. The findings may help provide practitioners with a basis to develop more effective exercise programs for preventing HSI.

Coordinative Dance Programs: A Viable Option For Improving Physical Fitness Among Older Adults

PURPOSE: The use of LaBlast, low impact coordinative dance, has previously been used as an alternative exercise to increase strength and stamina in older adults. However, it is unknown if structured exercise yields superior results in comparison to unstructured exercise (i.e., aerobic or strength training). The purpose was to determine if there is a difference in muscular strength and endurance between older adults who practiced LaBlast and unstructured exercise. METHODS: Older adults, 50+ y/o, were recruited from a senior-serving fitness center. Prior to the study, each participant self-selected to join either a structured or unstructured exercise (i.e., dance vs non-dance) group. Physical function was assessed cross-sectionally through the chair stand, arm curl, back scratch, chair sit & reach, tandem leg stand, 8 foot up-and-go, foot-tapping and 2-min step tests. A one-way between subjects MANOVA was conducted to compare the effect of exercise on physical function. RESULTS: Participants (n = 29) were 69.78 ± 9.55 (range 51-92) years of age, who were 93.15% non-Hispanic white, and 97% female. The LaBlast (n = 13) and Non-dance (n = 16) groups were homogenous in demographic variables (p = 0.019). There was no significant difference in the demographic variables between groups (p = 0.19). A One-way MANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in muscular strength and endurance between exercise groups [Wilks’s λ = 0.28, F(12,16) = 3.37, p = 0.01, partial η2 = 0.71]. The LaBlast exercise group demonstrated significantly greater physical function for chair stand (15.38 ± 4.05), arm curl (21.38 ± 5.36), and 2-min step test (107.69 ± 19.57) (p < 0.001) than non-dancers. Participants who chose an unstructured exercise had statistically greater strength for the 8 foot-up-and-go assessment, 7.90 ± 3.04; p = 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the use of LaBlast, which is a coordinative dance program, to be an effective exercise program for older adults. The study contributes novel evidence on structured and unstructured physical activities and their health benefits. These findings help advance the literature by informing physical activity recommendations for older adult populations. Further research is needed to determine the minimum duration for participating in a structured exercise to achieve health benefits.

The moderate-intensity continuous exercise maintains renal blood flow and does not impair the renal function.

Exercise is restricted for individuals with reduced renal function because exercising reduces blood flow to the kidneys. Safe and effective exercise programs for individuals with reduced renal function have not yet been developed. We previously examined the relationship between exercise intensity and renal blood flow (RBF), revealing that moderate‐intensity exercise did not reduce RBF. Determining the effects of exercise duration on RBF may have valuable clinical applications. The current study examined the effects of a single bout of continuous exercise at lactate threshold (LT) intensity on renal hemodynamics. Eight adult males participated in this study. Participants underwent 30 min of aerobic exercise at LT intensity using a cycle ergometer. Evaluation of renal hemodynamics was performed before and after exercise, in the recovery phase using ultrasound echo. Furthermore, blood and urine samplings were conducted before and after exercise, in the recovery phase. Compared with resting, RBF was not significantly changed immediately after continuous exercise (319 ± 102 vs. 308 ± 79 ml/min; p = 0.976) and exhibited no significant changes in the recovery phase. Moreover, urinary kidney injury molecule‐1 (uKIM‐1) level exhibited no significant change immediately after continuous exercise (0.52 ± 0.20 vs. 0.46 ± 0.27 μg/g creatinine; p = 0.447). In addition, the results revealed no significant change in urinary uKIM‐1 in 60‐min after exercise. Other renal injury biomarkers exhibited a similar pattern. These findings indicate that a single bout of moderate‐intensity continuous exercise maintains RBF and does not induce renal injury.

근감소증 예방을 위한 운동

This study comprehensively analyzed the physical and cognitive functions and exercise methods of the elderly through a previous study that proved the effect of exercise on geriatric sarcopenia, studied for 10 years from January 2007 to July 2017. 'elderly', 'sarcopenia', 'physical activity', and 'exercise' were searched mainly on academic research information service, domestic academic information portal, and PubMed to select papers. In terms of the effects of exercise, the data collected have a significant impact on the metabolic, cellular, and inflammatory mechanisms of sarcopenia, and the effects of these effects include improvements in body function, cardiovascular risk factors, various causes of death, and quality of life. Unlike drugs and invasive methods, this study observed the effect of exercise without side effects on sarcopenia in men and women over 65 years of age. As a result, it is expected that it can be used as basic data to prevent sarcopenia due to aging by suggesting an effective exercise program.

Effect of Ankle Weights as a Frailty Prevention Strategy in the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Preliminary Report.

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthy older adults have been less willing to engage in group exercise for fear of contracting this illness. Therefore, there is a need for an effective home-based exercise program to prevent frailty in the elderly. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of ankle weights as a frailty prevention device for older adults. The study participants were aged 50–90 years and were screened for falls using the Motor Fitness Scale. Participants were divided into two age groups (≤70 and >70 years) for analysis. Older community-dwelling adults were invited to use ankle weights for 3 months. Seventy-four people responded to the invitation. Physical and cognitive status and performance (body composition, grip strength, standing on one leg with eyes open, the 30 s chair stand test (CS-30), Timed Up and Go test, walking speed, body sway, Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were assessed before and after 3 months of intervention. CS-30 performance improved during the study. CS-30 reflects lower limb/trunk muscle strength and can be used to indicate the risk of falls. Wearing ankle weights can be recommended for strengthening the muscles of the lower limb and trunk in the elderly.

An interprofessional community-based program for diabetes education and exercise self-management

An interprofessional group of students were brought together to develop and implement an effective interprofessional, educational and exercise program for older adults with diabetes living in an independent senior living community. Students were from a doctor of physical therapy (DPT), undergraduate nursing (BSN), and masters of public health program (MPH) at the same university. The primary objective of this offering was to develop the Community Partners in a Diabetes Education Program in an interprofessional context to lead to improved student values and beliefs about interprofessional collaboration. The program included weekly activities focused on the self-management of diabetes, including exercise, prevention of complications, and nutrition. Student learning was assessed using the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale before and after program implementation as well as focus group interviews after the program was delivered. Student learners felt the program was beneficial to the seniors, but that interprofessional interactions were limited and could be improved by increasing opportunities for communication and designating a clear leader.

허리뼈 뒤굽음 사무직 여성의 척추 정렬 개선을 위한 동적 신경근 안정화 운동의 효과 분석

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide an effective exercise program for improvement of spinal alignment by applying dynamic neuromuscular stabilization training for 12 weeks.BR Method: After the subjects whose lumbar lordosis angle was under 40°were randomly assigned to two groups; dynamic neuromuscular stabilization training group (n=20), control group (n=20). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization training was performed three times a day for 60 minutes for 12 weeks, whereas the subjects in the control group were asked to maintain their normal lifestyle during the same intervention period.BR Results: The results of this study showed there were a significantly effects of interaction between the group and the period in lumbar lordosis angle p(.01), thoracic kyphosis angle (p.01), and cervical lordosis angle (p.01), and the difference between the left & right pelvic width and height also showed significantly effects of interaction between the group and the period. In the part of pelvic, Ferguson angle (p.05) was significantly increased and pelvic tilt was slightly decreased in exercise group.BR Conclusion: In conclusion, by changing the angle of lumbar lordosis, dynamic neuromuscular stabilization training has a positive effect on spinal alignment in female office workers with lumbar kyphosis. It is thought to be an effective exercise to improve spinal alignment.

Comparison of the open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain strengthening exercises on pain perception\xa0and lower limb biomechanics of patients with mild knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial\xa0protocol

BackgroundClinical recommendations suggest exercises as the main treatment modality for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to compare the effects of two different exercise interventions, i.e., open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises, on the pain and lower limb biomechanics of patients with mild knee OA.MethodA total of 66 individuals with painful early knee OA, aged 50 years and above, with body mass index (BMI) between 18.9kg/m2 and 29.9 kg/m2 in Kelantan, Malaysia, will be recruited in this study. Participants will be randomly allocated into three different groups, either the OKC, CKC, or control groups. All three groups will attend an individual session with a physiotherapist. The participants in the OKC and CKC groups will perform the exercises three times weekly for 8 weeks at their home. The control group will receive education about clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care for knee via printed materials. The primary outcomes include self-reported pain scores (visual analog scale), disability scores (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index), and quality of life scores (Osteoarthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life). Secondary outcomes include lower limb biomechanics during gait and sit-to-stand as well as isokinetic knee strength. The outcomes will be measured before and after the intervention.DiscussionThe present study will compare the effects of two different home-based exercise intervention programs among patients with mild knee OA. The study findings will provide vital information that can be used to design an effective exercise program that aims at delaying the OA progression.Trial registrationThe protocol was registered on 22 December 2020 at ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT04678609).

Evaluation of muscle activity level in the lower extremities during various steps used in aerobic dance exercise

To create a safe and effective aerobic dance exercise (ADE) program, the intensity, and difficulty level of each step, and muscle activation during the program must be considered. This study evaluated the muscle activity levels of the lower extremities when major ADE movements were repeated at a fixed speed. The subjects were seven females 21-22 years old who were familiar with the ADE movements. Eleven low impact steps and nine high impact steps representative of the ADE movements were selected, and while the movements were performed, the surface electromyograms (EMG) of six muscles in the lower extremities were measured using a telemeter electromyograph. The EMG data for 10 cycles of each step were full wave rectified and integrated. Then, the average value per unit time was calculated, and normalized (%EMGmax) by the EMG integral value during isometric maximum voluntary contraction (EMGmax). The EMGmax was measured for each of the six muscles to evaluate the muscle activity level, and determine which muscles were activated at higher or lower levels in response to the specific steps. The highest levels of total muscle activity detected in the six muscles were for: double hop, jumping jack, and pendulum. The results of this study may help create ADE programs that consider the differences in muscle activation in the lower extremities.

The Effects of High Intensive Interval Training (HIIT) on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Cardiovascular Health: A Review

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs have lately gained popularity because they produce beneficial adaptations for both inactive and athletes, as well as positive health and performance benefits and time efficiency. Therefore, it was purposed to review scientific research results about the effects of HIIT programs on BDNF and cardiovascular health. Although there are research findings suggesting that HIIT may be an effective strategy for promoting elevation of BDNF concentrations, current research seems to be rather limited and inconclusive. It can be thought that exercise intensity is a factor affecting BDNF activation. In healthy people, there seems to be a positive linear relationship between exercise intensity and BDNF levels of acute exercise. However, further experimental studies are needed to elucidate the effect of HIIT on BDNF in humans with metabolic or cardiovascular diseases. However, it can be suggested that high intensity can be an significant achievement factor to design an effective exercise programs and the HIIT methodology has a critical importance for improving cardiovascular function, particularly in healthy individuals. In conclusion, while existing studies show that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs can improve cardiovascular health in some populations, further scientific research is needed to determine the efficiency of this strategy in producing physiological adaptation to exercise.

Knee osteoarthritis in midlife women: unique considerations and comprehensive management.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common musculoskeletal condition that particularly afflicts women in menopause. The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiology and treatment considerations for this subset of the population. Medline/PubMed indexed articles related to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of osteoarthritis were included in this narrative review. Menopause has a multitude of effects that affect KOA, including hormonal shifts; loss of bone mineral density, muscle mass, and tendon strength; and changes to pain perception. Here, we discuss how a practitioner can assess the factors that are known to worsen KOA symptoms, including postural (spine, pelvic, and knee) alignment and functional muscle strength. The development of an effective exercise program is at the forefront of management. Optimizing other lifestyle factors including nutrition and sleep are particularly important in this patient population. Sleep disturbance from vasomotor symptoms can also increase perception of knee pain, for which pharmacologic options such as gabapentin or duloxetine may be pursued. In total, these interventions have large ramifications in decreasing pain and increasing function through improved range of motion, body composition, and walking speed in women with KOA.

The effects of exercise on body composition of prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy: An update systematic review and meta-analysis.

Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer. However, this therapy is associated with various adverse effects, such as increased body fat and decreased bone mineral density. Exercise may be useful for ameliorating these adverse effects, although it is not completely effective. This review aimed to clarify how exercise interventions influenced body composition and bone mineral density and to explore the most effective exercise program among prostate cancer patients who received androgen deprivation therapy. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases for reports of randomised controlled trials that were published until October 2021. All studies involved prostate cancer patients who received androgen deprivation therapy and completed aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and/or impact exercise training. Outcomes were defined as lean body mass, body fat mass, body fat rate, regional and whole-body bone mineral density. Thirteen reports regarding 12 randomised clinical trials (715 participants) were included. Relative to the control group, exercise intervention provided a higher lean body mass (mean difference: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.40 to 1.36, P<0.01), a lower body fat mass (mean difference: -0.60, 95% confidence interval: -1.10 to -0.10, P<0.05), and a lower body fat rate (mean difference: -0.93, 95% confidence interval: -1.39 to -0.47, P<0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed greater efficacy for exercise duration of ≥6 months (vs. <6 months) and exercise immediately after the therapy (vs. delayed exercise). No significant differences were observed in the bone mineral density outcomes. Exercise can help ameliorate the adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy in body composition, with combination exercises including resistance exercise, 8-12 repetition maximum of resistance exercise intensity, prolonged exercise duration, and performing exercise immediately after therapy providing better amelioration. And the combination of resistance and impact exercise appears to be the best mode for improving the bone mineral density.

Effects of Tai Chi on biomarkers and their implication to neurorehabilitation – a systemic review

As an effective holistic therapeutic exercise program, Tai Chi has been widely used for patients with a variety of neurological disorders. In last 1-2 decades, there has been an increase in the number of research studies that examined the Tai Chi effects on biomarkers including inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stressors, and neurotrophic factors. Thus, the purpose of this article was to review such effects and their possible implication to neurorehabilitation. In this systematic review, we searched Tai Chi-related articles from the last 15 years until July 2020 that had investigated changes of biomarkers after Tai Chi practice. The search identified 24 studies (21 randomized control trials, 2 cross-sectional studies, and 1 single group pre- and post- comparison) that were included in our analysis. Tai Chi practice may be able to 1) reduce pro-inflammatory contributors (Interleukins -1, 6, 10, 12, tumor necrosis factor, the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and the C-reactive protein) and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukins -10 and 13); 2) decrease oxidative stress factors (like plasma 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonylation); and 3) increase neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and N-Acetylaspartate). Tai Chi practice mediates anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and neural plasticity indicating its effect on modulating the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration and on potential effectiveness in neurorehabilitation.

발달장애 아동의 운동능력 평가 및 시스템 : 특허출원 10-2021-0165242

Purpose: The present invention has a technical purpose to provide a method and system for evaluating the motor ability of children with developmental disabilities based on their cognitive test and sociality test results.<BR> Method: This invention relates to a technique for evaluating comprehensive motor ability by performing cognitive function test and social function test in children with developmental disabilities, but evaluating an appropriate level of motor performance in consideration of their developmental state.<BR> Results: This invention evaluates exercise performance in children whit developmental disabilities through the following steps, and then using the indoor exercise test equipment in the service server: 1) In Step 1, provide a cognitive test screen to an indoor test terminal to execute a cognitive test on children with developmental disabilities, and generate cognitive test result information based on the response information, 2) in Step 2, provide a sociality test screen from the service server to the corresponding indoor test terminal to run a sociality test for them, and generate sociality test result information based on the response information, and 3) in Step 3, determine the indoor exercise test level based on the cognitive test and sociality test results in the service server.<BR> Conclusion: This exercise evaluation system will be used as an important indicator for the development of effective convergence exercise programs to promote social and cognitive functions of children with developmental disabilities, along with their health improvement.

Is the Peri-Bariatric Surgery Exercise Program Effective in Adults with Obesity: a Systematic Review.

The number of people with obesity continues to increase. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity. However, this surgery also has disadvantages, such as an increased risk of excessive loss of fat-free mass, lean body mass, and muscle mass compared to other weight loss interventions. PubMed and Cochrane Library database including articles in English, Dutch, French, and German were used. From the 3609 retrieved references, 20 articles were selected. Compared with the control group, physical exercise improved body mass index (5 of 13 articles), weight loss (7 of 17 articles), functional capacity (2 of 5 articles), muscle strength (1 of 1 article), fat-free mass (3 of 5 articles), cardiorespiratory endurance (4 of 6 articles), and quality of life (2 of 4 articles) in obese patients undergoing BS. Current data is suggestive of positive effects of exercise on body mass index, weight loss, functional capacity, muscle strength, fat-free mass, cardiorespiratory endurance, and quality of life in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. However, our conclusions are limited because of the heterogeneity of programs and short studies. Further research is needed to determine the most effective physical exercise program in peri-bariatric surgery.