Effects Of Phosphorus Deficiency Research Articles

Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency on Ion Transport And Its Anatomical Relation in Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.)

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on ion transport and its relation with anatomical structure in mungbean plants were investigated. Phosphorous deficiency caused an increase in the accumulation of K+ in the root and a decrease in the stem and leaf of mungbean seedlings grown in solution culture. Na+ and NO3 - accumulation was increased in the root, stem and leaf of P-deficient plant. On the contrary, accumulation of PO4 3- was decreased in root, stem and leaf under P-deficiency treatment. The diameter of root was decreased under phosphorus deficiency. Vascular area was found to decrease and occupied less area with smaller size of metaxylem cavity in the root and stem of mungbean plant. In phosphorus deficient plant, phloem elements were poorly developed and occupied smaller area. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 381-387, 2023 (June)

The effects of phosphorus deficiency on the morphology and physiology of Linum usitatissimum L. and on the expression of LusWRKYs

The effects of phosphorus deficiency on the morphology and physiology of Linum usitatissimum L. and on the expression of LusWRKYs

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the absorption of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic system performance and antioxidant metabolism in Citrus grandis.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, development and production. However, little is known about the effects of P deficiency on nutrient absorption, photosynthetic apparatus performance and antioxidant metabolism in citrus. Seedlings of ‘sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis) were irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 0.2 mM (Control) or 0 mM (P deficiency) KH2PO4 until saturated every other day for 16 weeks. P deficiency significantly decreased the dry weight (DW) of leaves and stems, and increased the root/shoot ratio in C. grandis but did not affect the DW of roots. The decreased DW of leaves and stems might be induced by the decreased chlorophyll (Chl) contents and CO2 assimilation in P deficient seedlings. P deficiency heterogeneously affected the nutrient contents of leaves, stems and roots. The analysis of Chl a fluorescence transients showed that P deficiency impaired electron transport from the donor side of photosystem II (PSII) to the end acceptor side of PSI, which showed a greater impact on the performance of the donor side of PSII than that of the acceptor side of PSII and photosystem I (PSI). P deficiency increased the contents of ascorbate (ASC), H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in leaves. In contrast, P deficiency increased the ASC content, reduced the glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of SOD, CAT, APX and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), but did not increase H2O2 production, anthocyanins and MDA content in roots. Taking these results together, we conclude that P deficiency affects nutrient absorption and lowers photosynthetic performance, leading to ROS production, which might be a crucial cause of the inhibited growth of C. grandis.

Between-year variation in the effects of phosphorus deficiency in breeder cows grazing tropical pastures in northern Australia

Breeder herd productivity can be severely reduced by dietary phosphorus (P) deficiency. The performance of small groups of P-deficient (Pdefic) or P-supplemented (Psupp) breeder cows was studied over 5 annual cycles while grazing C4 grass-Stylosanthes pastures at a site in the seasonally dry tropics of northern Australia. Soils contained c. 4 ppm of bicarbonate extractable P. Plasma inorganic P concentrations (PIP) during the wet season indicated that the Pdefic cows were deficient in P in 4 years and marginal in one year. Annual liveweight (LW) changes ranged widely between annual cycles from −71 to +13 kg in Pdefic cows and from +4 to +44 kg/head in Psupp cows. The LW responses to increased dietary P ranged from −9 to +115 kg, were greatest in years when LW losses by the Pdefic cows were greatest, and were associated with low-rainfall years. LW gains of calves suckling Psupp cows (mean 0.86 kg/d) tended to be higher (range 0.01–0.17 kg/d; mean 0.09 kg/d) than those of calves suckling Pdefic cows, but were significantly (P = 0.03) higher in only one year. Reconception appeared to be higher in Psupp than Pdefic cows during the 2 years of lower rainfall. Overall, the results indicated that responses to P supplementation by breeders grazing P-deficient pastures can vary widely between years. Therefore, the response in any one year may not reliably indicate responses in the longer term.

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on ion transport and its correlation with sugar content and anatomical structure in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Bari chola-5) seedlings

Phosphorus deficiency stimulated accumulation of Na+ in the root but declined in the shoot of chickpea seedlings. K+ content in the root and the shoot increased initially followed by a decrease. Phosphorus deficiency inhibited the accumulation of NO3?, PO43? and also sugar content both in the root and shoot. It also caused a decline in the accumulation of total sugar only in the root. The interrelationship between the effect of phosphorus deficiency on ion transport and anatomical structure was discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i2.20095 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 157-164, 2014

Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency and Al toxicity on Biological and Nutrient Characteristics of Maize

Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency and Al toxicity on Biological and Nutrient Characteristics of Maize

Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency on Growth and Nitrogen Fixation of Soybean after Nodule Formation

Phosphorus had a key role in soybean growth, however, it is very different to separate the role in soybean growth from that in nodule function. The research was conducted to elucidate the effects of phosphorus deficiency on growth and nitrogen fixation after nodule formation in soybean. Soybean seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution culture with normal phosphorus concentration (30 μmol L-1), which was shifted to 0 and 4 μmol L-1 after nodule formation resulting in phosphorus deficience for soybean plants. The results showed that phosphorus deficiency negatively influenced soybean plant growth at the ninth day of phosphorus deficiency treatment and nitrogen fixation at the beginning of the treatment. The nodule number increased by 11.8%, 15.4%, and 20.0%, respectively in 0, 4, and 30 μmol L?1 phosphorus treatments at the ninth day of treatment compared with that at the third day. Leghemoglobin concentration per gram of plant and per nodule biomass increased with phosphorus concentration increase. These suggested that phosphorus deficiency affected significantly nodule development and nitrogen fixation when soybean plants formed sufficient nodule.

Effect of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthetic characteristics of rice plants

The effects of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthetic characteristics were studied in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) every 8 days after treatment. P deficiency caused a significant reduction in the net photosynthesis rate (PN) in rice plants. During the first 16 days of P deficiency, the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the effective PSII quantum yield (ϕPSII), the electron transport rate (ETR) as well as photochemical quenching (qP) in the P-limited rice plants kept close to the control, but the excitation energy capture efficiency of PSII reaction centers (F′v/F′m) was significantly declined in the P-deficient rice leaves. Meanwhile, in the stressed leaves, we also found a significant increase in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) as well as in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). It was indicated that a series of photoprotective mechanisms had been initiated in rice plants in response to short-term P deficiency. Therefore, PSII functioning was not affected significantly under such stress. As P deficiency continued, the excess excitation energy was accumulated in excess of the capacity of photoprotection systems. When the rice suffered from P deficiency more than 16 days, ϕPSII, ETR, and qP were decreased more rapidly than that in the control plants, although NPQ still kept higher in the stressed plants. These results were also consistent with the data on the distribution of excitation energy. The excess energy induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, which might lead to the further damage to PSII functioning.

Effects of phosphorus deficiency and recovery fertilization on growth, mineral concentration, and ultrastructure of Scots pine needles

During the first year of a 2-year field experiment (1989–1990), 3-year-old Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) seedlings were watered with phosphorus-deficient nutrient solutions containing no phosphorus (0%) or 30% of the optimal phosphorus supply. A complete nutrient solution was used as the control. In the second growing period, the seedlings were divided into two groups, a deficiency and a recovery treatment, to follow the further development of, and recovery from, symptoms. Phosphorus contents in both current- and previous-year needles in both deficiency groups decreased clearly during the first growing period. Limited growth was observed at both deficiency levels after 10 weeks of treatment. The first ultrastructural symptom, swelling of cristae and subsequent dilatation of whole mitochondria, was observed after 16 weeks of treatment in the current-year needles. In addition to this symptom, the previous-year needles had an increase in the number and translucency of plastoglobuli, a decrease of granum thylakoids, and an increase in the density of the stroma in chloroplasts. After the second growing period, the same changes were observable in the phosphorus-deficient seedlings. In the young needles grown during the recovery fertilization period, slight swelling of mitochondria was detected and recovery of the previous-year needles was not complete. The results of this experiment suggest that the swelling of mitochondria is a characteristic symptom of phosphorus deficiency at the ultrastructural level in different needle generations. All the symptoms, when occurring together, may be used in identifying a moderate phosphorus-deficiency stress in seedlings.

Diurnal Starch Accumulation and Utilization in Phosphorus-Deficient Soybean Plants

The effects of phosphorus deficiency on carbohydrate accumulation and utilization in 34-day-old soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) plants were characterized over a diurnal cycle to evaluate the mechanisms by which phosphorus deficiency restricts plant growth. Phosphorus deficiency decreased the net CO(2) exchange rate throughout the light period. The decrease in the CO(2) exhange rate was associated with a decrease in stomatal conductance and an increase in the internal CO(2) concentration. These observations indicate that phosphorus deficiency increased mesophyll resistance. Assimilate export rate from the youngest fully expanded leaves was decreased by phosphorus deficiency, whereas starch concentrations in these leaves were increased. Higher starch concentrations in phosphorus-deficient youngest fully expanded leaves resulted from a longer period of net starch accumulation and a shorter period of net starch degradation relative to those for phosphorus-sufficient controls. Phosphorus deficiency decreased sucrose-P synthase activity by 27% (averaged over the diurnal cycle), and essentially eliminated diurnal variation in sucrose-P-synthase activity. Diurnal variations in nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in leaves and stems were also less pronounced in phosphorus-deficient plants than in controls. In phosphorus-deficient plants, only 30% of the whole plant starch present at the end of a light phase was utilized during the subsequent 12-hour dark phase as compared with 68% for phosphorus-sufficient controls. Although phosphorus deficiency decreased the CO(2) exchange rate and whole plant leaf area, accumulation of high starch concentrations in leaves and stems and restricted starch utilization in the dark indicate that growth processes (i.e. sink activities) were restricted to a greater extent than photosynthetic capacity. Further experimentation is required to determine whether decreased starch utilization in phosphorus-deficient plants is the cause or the result of restricted growth.

INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF BORON AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF MAIZE GROWN IN REFINED SAND

Boron-phosphorus interaction was observed in maize (Zea mays L. ’Ganga 2’) when grown in refined sand at three levels of boron, deficient (0.0033 mg L−1), normal (0.33 mg L−1) and excess (3.3 mg L−1), each at three levels of phosphorus, deficient (0.17 m mol L−1), normal (1.5 mmol L−1) and excess (4 m mol L−1). The effects of phosphorus deficiency (i.e., reduction in dry matter, soluble protein, DNA, activity of ribonuclease and increase in the activities of peroxidase, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase) were intensified by a combined deficiency of boron and phosphorus. The effects of boron deficiency (i.e., reduction in dry weight, leaf boron and DNA and increase in starch content and in the activities of starch phosphorylase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) become more intense in the treatment-deficient B-excess P. The decreases caused by excess phosphorus (i.e., dry weight, starch and sugar content, DNA, RNA and activity of ribonuclease) were aggravated by combined excess of boron and phosphorus.Key words: Zea mays, maize, boron and phosphorus nutrition

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on root hydraulic conductivity in Fraxinus pennsylvanica

A study was designed to examine the influence of phosphorus deficiency on root hydraulic characteristics in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.). Seedlings were grown in nutrient solution complete with phosphorus for 7 days before omitting phosphorus from one half of the seedlings. The effects of phosphorus deficiency, plant size, and biomass distribution on root hydraulic conductivity were determined on excised root systems after 17 to 48 d of growth with or without phosphorus. Phosphorus deficiency reduced root conductivity and decreased leaf weight ratios (leaf dry weight/total plant dry weight) in green ash seedlings. In both the high (with phosphorus) and low phosphorus (without phosphorus) treatments, root conductivity increased linearly with increased root phosphorus concentration. However, the relationship between root phosphorus and root conductivity differed in magnitude in the high and low phosphorus treatments, suggesting that factors besides phosphorus nutrition were influencing root conductivity. Root conductivity increased with leaf weight ratio similarly in high and low phosphorus plants regardless of seedling size, tissue phosphorus, or age. Root conductivity decreased with seedling age, possibly because of increased root suberization. Root conductivity to water appears to change in response to a change in biomass distribution in green ash.

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on rumen microbial activity associated with the solid and liquid phases of a fermentor (Rusitec).

The rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) has been used to study the effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on bacterial protein synthesis and chemical composition and on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in the solid and liquid phases of fermentors. 16 g DM of a P-deficient mixed diet was put into each vessel daily and the vessels were infused with about 1 l of a P-deficient (0 mg of P) or P-supplemented (120 mg of P/l) buffer. Two vessels per treatment were used, and during a second experimental period the deficient and supplemented buffers were interchanged to determine the effects of P repletion and depletion. The proportion of bacterial N directly incorporated from dietary amino acids or peptides was greater in solid-associated bacteria (SAB) than in liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) (46 vs 19%). P deficiency increased this proportion in both bacterial populations. Protein synthesis associated with the solid phase represented about 30% of the total protein synthesis in the system. P deficiency induced a marked decrease in microbial protein synthesis in both phases. Microbial yield declined by about 5 points (g of N/kg OMF) in P-deficient conditions. ATP concentrations were greatly reduced in both phases but P deficiency had no effect on protozoal numbers. The effects of P depletion during period II were similar to those of P deficiency in period I, and P repletion showed that the effects of P deficiency were almost entirely reversible.

THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY ON WATER CONTENT AND RESPONSE TO DROUGHT

SUMMARYAcute phosphorus deficiency was induced in seedlings of a number of species over a period of 5 weeks. Deficiency affected dry weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf water content, leaf water deficits and the time taken for the plants to show visible stress after watering was stopped. Populations of two of the species from soils differing in phosphorus status showed consistent and major differences in the effects of phosphorus deficiency. The ecological implications of the results are discussed.

Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency on the Photosynthesis and Respiration of Leaves of Sugar Beet

Phosphorus deficiency was induced in sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L. var. F5855441), cultured hydroponically under standardized environmental conditions, by removal of phosphorus from the nutrient supply at the ten leaf stage 28 days after germination. CO(2) and water vapor exchange rates of individual attached leaves were determined at intervals after P cutoff. Leaves grown with an adequate nutrient supply attained net rates of photosynthetic CO(2) fixation of 125 ng CO(2) cm(-2) sec(-1) at saturating irradiance, 25 C, and an ambient CO(2) concentration of about 250 mul l(-1). After P cutoff, leaf phosphorus concentrations decreased as did net rates of photosynthetic CO(2) uptake, photorespiratory evolution of CO(2) into CO(2)-free air, and dark respiration, so that 30 days after cutoff these rates were about one-third of the control rates. The decrease in photosynthetic rates during the first 15 days after cutoff was associated with increased mesophyll resistance (r(m)) which increased from 2.4 to 4.9 sec cm(-1), while from 15 to 30 days there was an increase in leaf (mainly stomatal) diffusion resistance (r(l)') from 0.3 to 0.9 sec cm(-1), as well as further increases in r(m) to 8.5 sec cm(-1). Leaf diffusion resistance (r(l)') was increased greatly by low P at low but not at high irradiance, r(l)' for plants at low P reaching values as high as 9 sec cm(-1).

Response of Spirodela oligorrhiza to Phosphorus Deficiency

The duckweed Spirodela oligorrhiza, growing in sterile defined nutrient media, was used to study some responses of plants to phosphorus deficiency. On a phosphate-deficient medium, growth of Spirodela soon slowed and eventually ceased. Older leaves became chlorotic, but newly formed leaves were dark green and contained much anthocyanin. The photosynthesis rate fell gradually, roots elongated, and chloroplasts became filled with starch.NITROGEN METABOLISM WAS NOT MARKEDLY AFFECTED: the total protein content changed only slightly, and, although levels of glutamine and asparagine increased, the concentrations of the other amino acids remained constant. The effects of phosphorus deficiency on Spirodela are discussed in relation to those found in other higher plants.

Effect of phosphorus deficiency on growth and trasport of k+, na+, cl-, no<sub>3-</sub> in lentil seedling (lens culinaris medik. Var. Barimasur-4)

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on accumulation of dry matter and transport of some monovalent ions viz., Na+, K+, Cl- , and NO3- in lentil showed that seedlings raised in culture solution with and without different amount of phosphorus decreased accumulation of K+ and increased accumulation of Na+ in both the root and shoot of lentil. Cl– contents increased under P?deficiency. Concentration of NO3- was increased in the root and decreased in the shoot of P?deficient lentil. P-deficiency caused an increase in the root dry matter and a decrease in the shoot. P-deficiency resulted in a decrease in the shoot : root. Key words: P-deficiency; Growth; Transport; Na+; K+; Cl–; NO3–; Lentil, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8967 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 103-108

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the root growth of lentil seedlings grown in rhizobox

Phosphorus deficiency resulted in an increase in the length of primary root, length and number of lateral roots, root hairs and root meristem volume of the seedlings of lentil grown in rhizobox. Key words: Phosphorus deficiency; Root length; Root growth; Rhizobox; Lentil DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5153 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 215-218, 2009 (December)

Effect of Phosphorus Deficiency on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Mentha arvensis

AbstractThe effects of phosphorus deficiency on carbohydrate fractions of Mentha arvensis L. var. piperascens were studied. Mint plants were grown in sand cultures under full nutrition and phosphorus deficiency conditions. Component organs, viz., leaf, stem and root, were sampled at four different stages of the growth cycle and analysed for various sugar fractions.In leaf and root phosphorus deficiency brought about a definite increase in all sugar fractions whereas in stem a reduction was noticed. The stem appeared to be the principal storage organ throughout the growth. Maximum sugar concentration was recorded at the age of 70 days, which represents the full maturity stage, and coincided with maximum essential oil accumulation.

PHOSPHORUS IN THE NUTRITION OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM DUVAL

A synthetic diet has been devised for a study of the effects of 13 different levels of phosphorus on the larval growth of Tribolium confusum Duval. This insect appears to be insensitive to phosphorus changes in the diet over a wide range, optimum level varying from 0.125% to 0.475%. The effects of phosphorus deficiency are evident at a phosphorus level as low as 0.075% while toxic effects are observed at 3.075% level. No significant difference has been observed between the phosphorus requirements of both sexes. The imaginal emergence was normal on all the diets containing different phosphorus levels.