Effect Of Oxalic Acid Research Articles

Control integrado del ácaro Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata:Varroidae) con ácido oxálico en colmenas de abejas africanizadas en las condiciones tropicales de Costa Rica

The effectiveness of oxalic acid in controlling the Varroa destructor mite was evaluated in the present study. The experiment was conducted in an apiary consisting of 16 Africanized honeybee (AHB) colonies in Atenas, Alajuela. The colonies were divided into four groups to apply the following oxalic acid treatments: 1) trickling method: the solution was applied to the top of the frames with a syringe; 2) towel method: a towel was placed on the frame; 3) impregnated cardboard method: four impregnated strips were used per colony; and 4) control group: no oxalic acid was applied. Treatments were administered in the brood chamber, and observations were made to determine any possible adverse effects. Flumethrin was subsequently administered as a shock treatment for five weeks. The most effective method for controlling Varroa was the towel treatment, which achieved 74.4% effectiveness, while the trickling and cardboard strip methods produced 63.0% and 50.0% effectiveness, respectively. The control group registered a natural mite fall of 34.1%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that oxalic acid demonstrated effectiveness in treating V. destructor in AHB colonies under tropical conditions. When comparing the application methods, the towel method was the most effective, followed by the trickling method, making these approaches viable alternatives in the integrated management of the Varroa mite. The concentrations of oxalic acid used in the study were safe for AHBs, as no evident adverse effects were observed on the colonies.

Corrosion resistance of rapidly formed in-situ steam Mg−Al LDH coating on AM50 Mg alloy pretreated with oxalic acid

The effect of oxalic acid (OA) etching on the formation mechanism and corrosion performance of in-situ steam Mg−Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) coatings on AM50 Mg alloy was investigated by exposing the intermetallic compounds (β-Mg17Al12 and AlMn) on the surface of the alloy. The results demonstrated that the presence of OA led to an increased fraction of intermetallic compounds on the Mg substrate. Mg−Al LDH nucleated and grew around the Al−Mn phase. The best corrosion resistance of LDH coating was obtained with the maximum thickness at a pickling time of 45 s, and the corrosion current density was reduced by three orders of magnitude compared to the substrate. Finally, the formation mechanism of Mg−Al LDH coating on AM50 Mg alloy was proposed.

Effect of oxalic acid on the corrosion of 6063 aluminum alloy in ethylene glycol-water solution in presence of ammonium alcohol polyvinyl phosphate

The corrosion behavior of 6063 aluminum alloy in glycol-water solution with different concentrations of oxalic acid under different temperatures and the inhibitve effect of ammonium alcohol polyvinyl phosphate (AAPP) on its corrosion were investigated by weight loss experiment, electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that low concentration of oxalic acid had a certain inhibitory effect on the corrosion of 6063 aluminum alloy in glycol-water solution, but high concentration of oxalic acid accelerated its corrosion. AAPP was a mixed type corrosion inhibitor with a predominantly anodic inhibition for 6063 aluminum alloy in a ethylene glycol-water solution containing oxalic acid, its corrosion inhibition efficiency was up to 90% at a concentration of 0.5 g/L under 30 ℃. The effect of AAPP on the surface of 6063 aluminum alloy obeyed the Langmuir isotherm equation. And the corrosion inhibition of AAPP for 6063 aluminum alloy was further confirmed by the results of weight loss experiment and SEM.

Effect of oxalic acid on postharvest life of tomato modified with the TomLoxB gene in anti-sense

Oxalic acid is an organic compound found in green leafy vegetables, which has proven to be effective in delaying ripening by inhibiting ethylene synthesis in fruits such as banana, mango, peach, tomato, plum, and others. In this study, the response of oxalic acid application on postharvest physiology was evaluated in transgenic tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) variety TA234 with the TomLoxB gene insertion in antisense, at two concentrations of oxalic acid: 3 and 10 mM, during 30 d of storage at 25 ± 1 ºC and a relative humidity of 65 - 70 %. The fruits were harvested at break stage and immersed for 10 minutes in the oxalic acid solution, which was maintained at 25 ºC. Upon treatment, less weight loss, better retention of lightness, delay in the decrease of firmness and hue angle, decrease in lipoxygenase activity, low electrolyte leakage and increase in total phenolics content were observed. The most effective oxalic acid concentration was 3 mM, that extended postharvest life by up to 30 d and reduced deterioration of the genetically modified (GM) tomatoes. In turn, the untreated GM tomatoes showed an acceptable appearance up to day 24 of storage, while the wild type fruits were kept satisfactorily for 15 d.

Effect of Oxalic Acid on Control of Post-harvest Browning of Litchi (Litchi chinensis L.)

Post-harvest browning of litchi is a common phenomenon that occurs due to enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Enzymatic browning is primarily caused by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, leading to the formation of brown pigments. Non-enzymatic browning is caused by the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids. Factors such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical damage can accelerate browning. Proper handling, storage, and the use of antioxidants can help minimize post-harvest browning, extending the shelf life and maintaining the visual appeal of litchi fruits. The present investigation was laid out in the post-harvest laboratory of horticulture department, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the year 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in the CRBD with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Litchi fruit, Cv. Purvi (about 80%- matured stage), were harvest from a Local market Prayagraj, fruit was selected for uniformity of size and colour, and blemished and diseased fruit were discarded. The selected fruit were dipped in different oxalic acid concentration solution (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0mM) and Bavistin (0.05mg) as the control) for 10 mint 4 h of harvest, and then air dried. Each 10 fruit of the treated fruit was packed into a plastic punnet and wrapped with a 0.2-mm polyethylene bag, and then stored in an ambient condition. Post-harvest storage studies revealed that under ambient and refrigerated storage conditions T8 Oxalic acid (4.0mM) + Bavistin (0.05%) treatment showed slower rate of reduction on fruit length (cm) and fruit weight (g), browning (%) were significantly affected by treatments. There was significant effect of treatments on chemical parameters like pH, TSS (0Brix), acidity (%), ascorbic acid (mg100g), reducing sugar under ambient and refrigerated storage at different day’s intervals.

Potential interference of organic acids and ferrous iron in the interpretation of Fe and Mn indicators of reduction in soil

AbstractRemoval of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) oxide coatings from indicators of reduction in soil (IRIS) is considered a function of microbial reduction of these elements under sufficiently reducing conditions, but there may be situations where removal is abiotic. We examined whether abiotic removal of Mn and Fe oxide coatings may be facilitated by organic acids and whether loss of Mn can take place via chemical reduction by ferrous iron (Fe2+) in vitro. Loss of color from Mn‐IRIS in citric acid solution was highest at 1 and 10 mM regardless of pH, with no loss observed at lower concentrations. Effects of citric acid on Fe‐IRIS were also limited to 1 and 10 mM, but color loss only occurred at pH 4.5 and the rate and extent of loss were lower than for Mn‐IRIS. Color loss from Mn‐IRIS in oxalic acid was highest at 1 and 10 mM and increased with decreasing pH. Effects of oxalic acid on loss of color from Fe‐IRIS were limited to 1 and 10 mM. Loss of color from Mn‐IRIS was limited to 10 mM salicylic acid and pH 4.5, with no effect on Fe‐IRIS regardless of concentration and pH. Only the two highest concentrations of Fe2+ (50 and 100 mM) resulted in reduction of the Mn‐IRIS coating and subsequent deposition of an Fe oxide coating. Organic acids and pH have a differential effect on color loss from Mn‐ and Fe‐IRIS, with only high concentrations of organic acids at low pH possibly interfering with interpretation.

Alteration of trioctahedral micas in the presence of inorganic and organic acids

The alteration of two trioctahedral micas, biotite and phlogopite, was investigated at the meso, micro, and nanoscale using three complementary microscopy techniques to better understand mica surface reactivity. In situ and ex situ experiments were performed to monitor the mineral interface during dissolution in acidic solutions (nitric and oxalic acid, pH ∼ 1–2), over a temperature range of 25–100°C. The inorganic acid was used as a benchmark condition to elucidate the effect of the organic acid on the dissolution behavior. The observed topographical changes that arose during mineral alteration revealed the simultaneous occurrence of different processes that heterogeneously shaped the mica surface: 1) the retreat of pre-existing and newly formed steps (edge surface reactivity). In the case of biotite, layer curling and peeling-off occurred in the presence of nitric acid whereas dendritic-shaped step edges resulted from the effect of oxalic acid; 2) the nucleation of etch pits and the formation of dissolution channels on the (001) surface. Oxalic acid promoted the growth of the pits to such an extent that they were discernible at each scale and resolution investigated; and 3) precipitation of secondary phases. Overall, a multi-scale approach offers new insights into the dissolution behavior of biotite versus phlogopite and provides and enhances understanding of the effect that oxalic acid has on the surface reactivity of mica.

Effect of oxalic acid (complexing agent) on anodic dissolution of Cobalt in hydrogen peroxide solutions: mechanism and kinetic analysis by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Effect of oxalic acid (complexing agent) on anodic dissolution of Cobalt in hydrogen peroxide solutions: mechanism and kinetic analysis by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The Effect of Oxalic Acid as the Pre-Activator for the Electropolishing of Additive Manufactured Titanium-Based Materials and Its Characterization.

The use of additive manufactured (AM) titanium-based materials has increased substantially for medical implants and aerospace components. However, the inferior surface roughness of additive manufactured products affects the outward appearance and reduces performance. This study determines whether activation treatment prior to electropolishing produces a better surface. Oxalic acid (OA) is used as a pre-activator using different experimental conditions and the surface roughness is reduced by electropolishing with an electrolyte of perchloric acid and glacial acetic acid. The SEM surface morphology, mechanical properties, phase transformation and electrochemical properties are measured to determine the effect of different degrees of roughness on the surface. The results show that the surface roughness of AM titanium-based samples decreases from 8.47 µm to 1.09 µm after activation using OA as a pre-treatment for electropolishing. After electropolishing using optimal parameters, the hardness and resistance to corrosion resistance are increased.

The effect of oxalic acid and NaOH treatments on the character of Wonosari natural zeolite as Ni, Cu, and Zn metal support catalyst for hydrocracking of castor oil

The effect of oxalic acid and NaOH treatments on the character of Wonosari natural zeolite as Ni, Cu, and Zn metal support catalyst for hydrocracking of castor oil

Effect of oxalic acid and sulphuric acid hydrolysis on the preparation and properties of pineapple pomace derived cellulose nanofibers and nanopapers

Nanocellulose is the “green magnet” which attracts a wide spectrum of industries towards it due to its availability, biodegradability, and possible smart applications. For the first time, pineapple pomace was being explored as an economic precursor for cellulose nanofibers. Nanofiber isolation was accomplished using a chemo-mechanical method and solution casting was adopted for the development of nanopapers. Moreover, the study examines the structural, optical, crystalline, dimensional, and thermal features of nanofibers isolated using different acid hydrolysis (oxalic acid and sulphuric acid) methods. Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of type I cellulose. The transmittance, crystallinity index, and thermal stability of PPNFS (sulphuric acid treated fiber) were greater than PPNFO (oxalic acid treated fiber). The transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed the nanodimension of PPNFO and PPNFS. While comparing the optical and mechanical properties of nanopapers, PPNFS outperforms PPNFO. The tensile strength of the prepared nanopapers (64 MPa (PPNFO) and 68 MPa (PPNFS)) was found to be high compared to similar works reported in the literature. The prepared nanopaper is proposed to be used for food packaging applications.

Oxalic acid activated bone meal for immobilization of Pb and Cd contaminated soils.

Bone meal (BM) is a cost-effective and low-carbon material to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. Moreover, its immobilization efficiency for heavy metals still requires improvement. This study aimed to assess the activation effect of oxalic acid on the BM to develop an oxalic acid-activated bone meal (ABM) for improving immobilization efficiency. Several series of tests, including the available phosphorus content test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, are used to investigate the effect of activation on the immobilization ability and chemical speciation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in soils and the different mechanisms of Pb/Cd immobilization using the ABM and BM. The results indicate that the ABM possesses a higher solubility than the BM. The activation of BM achieves optimal effect when using 1mol/L oxalic acid solution with a liquid-solid ratio of 2:1. The TCLP and BCR test results show that the ABM significantly outperforms the BM in terms of Pb immobilization. The leaching concentration of Pb from ABM immobilized soils can meet regulatory limits in China and the USA, and it is also 30 to 75% lower than that from BM immobilized soils. Regarding Cd immobilization, ABM outperforms BM after 90days of curing. The XRD analysis shows that heavy metal phosphates are the primary products of Pb and Cd immobilized by ABM, whereas heavy metal carbonates are the main products after the immobilization by BM.

Effect of Oxalic Acid Treatment on Conductive Coatings Formed by Ni@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles.

Low-cost metallic nanoink based on nickel–silver core–shell nanoparticles (Ni@Ag NPs) was used for the formation of conductive metallic coatings with low sintering temperature, which can be successfully applied for replacement of currently used silver-based nanoinks in printed electronics. The effect of oxalic acid (OA) on the sintering temperature and conductivity of coatings formed by Ni@Ag NPs was evaluated. It was found that the addition of OA to the ink formulation and post-printing treatment of deposited films with this acid provided a noticeable decrease in the sintering temperature required for obtaining conductive patterns that is especially important for utilizing the polymeric substrates. The obtained resistivity of metallic coatings after sintering at temperature as low as 100 °C was found to be 30 µΩ·cm, only ~4 times higher compared to the resistivity of bulk Ni that is promising for future application of such materials for fabrication of low-cost flexible printed patterns.

Flotation enhancement of low-grade bauxite using oxalic acid as surface pretreatment agent

Surface pretreatment on minerals prior to flotation was proved to increase the selectivity of separation process. Organic acid pretreatment of low-grade diasporic-bauxite was conducted, and the effects of oxalic acid on bauxite flotation were investigated in this work. The oxalic acid pretreatment mechanisms were studied by adsorption measurements, zeta potential testing, XPS analysis, and ICP analysis. The flotation results showed that the oxalic acid treatment could significantly improve Al2O3 recovery from 75.39% to 81.88% and decrease SiO2 recovery from 53.26% to 47.30%. The adsorption capacity of diaspore for sodium oleate (NaOL) increased by 8.50%, while that of kaolinite decreased by 11.72%. XPS analysis revealed that oxalic acid treatment improved the relative contents of unsaturated Al at diaspore surface beneficial to the adsorption of NaOL. While the relative content of Al at kaolinite surface was decreased due to the Al dissolution revealed by ICP results. Zeta potential analysis indicated that oxalic acid changed the surface property of minerals favorable for the selective adsorption of NaOL on diaspore surface rather than kaolinite surface. These findings provided a promising direction for surface pretreatment of low-grade bauxite using oxalic acid for the improvement of the flotation desilication.

SYNTHESIS OF AMIDES WITH MONOETHANOLAMINE OF AMBER AND OXALIC ACID AND RESEARCH OF THEIR BACTERICIDE PROPERTIES

Amides were synthesized in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios of amber and oxalic acid with monoethanolamine. IR-spectra of the obtained substances were drawn, the structures were determined and confirmed, physicochemical properties were studied. 10% aqueous solutions of these substances were prepared, physicochemical properties were determined and bactericidal properties were studied. Bactericidal efficacy of amber acid N-mono­ethanolamide was 82.9% at 25 mg/l of concentration, 88% at 50 mg/l and 95% at 100 mg/l of concentrations. Bactericidal efficacy of amber acid N1, N2 - bis-monoethanolamide was 69% at 25 mg/l of concentration, 83.2% at 50 mg/l and 90% at 100 mg/l of concentrations. The bactericidal effect of oxalic acid has also been studied N-mono­ethanolamide was 82% at 25 mg/l of concentration, 91% at 50 mg/l and 97% at 100 mg/l of concentrations. Bactericidal efficacy of amber acid N1, N2 - bis-monoethanolamide was 85% at 25 mg/l of concentration, 94% at 50 mg/l and 97.6 at 100 mg/l of concentrations. Key words: amber acid, oxalic acid, bactericidal efficacy, N-monoethanolamide, N1,N -bis-monoethanolamide

Effects of Oxalic Acid on Edible Quality of Bamboo Shoots (Bambusa oldhami) Without Sheaths During Cold Storage and the Related Mechanism

Effects of Oxalic Acid on Edible Quality of Bamboo Shoots (Bambusa oldhami) Without Sheaths During Cold Storage and the Related Mechanism

Effect of oxalic acid and sodium hydroxide on the desulfurization of coal using UV–H2O2 oxidation system

To research the efficient and economical desulfurization of Lingshi high sulfur coal (LS), the influence of acid and alkaline additives on an ultraviolet (UV) light oxidation desulfurization system was assessed. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and oxalic acid (OA) were selected as the alkaline and acid additives, respectively, to investigate whether acid and alkaline additives could promote oxidative desulfurization in the UV–H2O2 system. The coal samples were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brannuer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), contact angle analysis (CA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the desulfurization mechanism, including sulfur removal, sulfur conversion, and change of coal surface morphology on the reaction, was investigated. The results demonstrated that the surface morphology and the pore structure in coal improved; the wettability and oxygen-containing functional groups increased after the action of NaOH and OA, which indicated that the oxidation was enhanced during the reaction. This study proved that strong oxidation promoted the efficient removal of sulfur from coal samples, where NaOH reacted strongly with pyrite, and OA influenced the removal of organic sulfur, which played a directional desulfurization effect.

Effect of oxalic acid and salicylic acid treatments on the post-harvest life of temperate grown apricot varieties (Prunus armeniaca) during controlled atmosphere storage.

This study aimed at investigating the influence of different postharvest treatments with oxalic acid (OA) and salicylic acid (SA) on quality attributes and postharvest shelf life of temperate grown apricot varieties stored under controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions. After each treatment was given, the samples were stored in CA store maintained at a temperature of 0 °C, 90 ± 5% relative humidity, 5% oxygen and 15% carbon dioxide for 30 days. Results indicated that both OA and SA treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) retained total soluble solids, titratable acidity, color profile, ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content of apricot varieties and had a positive effect on antioxidant activity and texture of samples compared to control. However, carotenoid content was found to be higher in control. Both the treatments reduced chilling injury index, weight loss and decay percentage of samples. Moreover, it was found that SA treatment was the most effective treatment in maintaining visual color of apricots while OA maintained fruit firmness and effectively decreased the decay percentage and chilling injury index of apricot varieties. In conclusion, it was found that both OA and SA have the potential to extend storage life of apricots and maintain quality attributes of the crop during CA storage.

Effect of oxalic acid on vase life and antioxidative activities of ‘Mero Star’ cut lily flowers

Lily (Lilium L. hybrids) is sub-tropical cut flower that can be grown in open place or in green house and has consumer demand in local as well as in offshore markets. Short vase life, postharvest decay of flowering petals, activities of oxidative enzymes, malondialdehyde contents, electrolyte leakage and low water ratio are the main problems in marketing of cut lilies. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of oxalic acid (OA) treatments on vase life (12 days) and postharvest quality of ‘Mero Star’ cut lily flowers. The flowering stems were placed in 2, 4 and 6% aqueous solution of OA for 12 days at 20±2 °C with 70±5% relative humidity. Flowers placed in 6% OA solution exhibited longest vase life and flower diameter with higher relative water content and increased fresh weight and reduced flower decay. Reduced malondialdehyde contents and electrolyte leakage with higher activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes were also noted in 6% OA-treated flowers. In conclusion, exogenous postharvest application of 6% OA extended vase life and maintained postharvest quality of cut flowers by reducing electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents with higher antioxidative enzymes activities.

Effect of oxalic acid on the quality biochemical characteristics of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit during storage

Effect of oxalic acid on the quality biochemical characteristics of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit during storage