Effects Of Open Innovation Research Articles

Organisational learning antecedents and open innovation: Differences in internationalisation level

The aim of this study is to inspect differences in internationalisation level of firms from a transitional economy based on their innovation outcomes, open innovation and organisational learning practices. Results indicate that firms with lower internationalisation level owe their innovation success to coupled and outbound open innovation practices that originate from market research, competitor tracking and public information. Mediating effect of outbound innovation is present in the relationship between market research and innovation success. Firms with higher internationalisation level do not exhibit significant effect of open innovation on innovation success, but their organisational learning antecedents such as market research and research and development negatively affect innovation success, while public information and forecasting have a significant positive effect on innovation success. The major contribution of this study is the understanding of how organisational learning antecedents and open innovation practices interact in firms with different internationalisation levels, whereby firms with higher internationalisation level already have competitive advantage that lower internationalisation firms need to achieve.

The effects of cluster collaboration and the utilization of big data on business performance: A research based on the expansion of open innovation and social capital

This study examines the influence of firm cluster collaboration and the utilization of big data on the expansion of open innovation. We also investigate the effect of open innovation on business performance and test the moderating effect of social capital. We surveyed 409 global firms (193 large enterprises and 216 medium enterprises) located in Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa over a one-month period. We limited the scope of the survey to employees working at the level of team leader (or executive) or above in the R&D department. This study used SmartPLS (Version 3.3.3) to perform the statistical analysis. Our results indicated that, first, corporate cluster collaboration had a positive effect on the expansion of open innovation. Second, firm use of big data had a positive effect on the expansion of open innovation. Third, firm expansion of open innovation had a positive effect on business performance (market and financial performance). Fourth, in the relationship between cluster collaboration and open innovation expansion, social capital had a negative moderating effect. This research proved that cluster collaboration and big data could accelerate open innovation, ultimately improving business performance. However, there are limitations regarding SEM analysis.

The Effect of Open Innovation on Eco-Innovation Performance: The Role of Market Knowledge Sources

Organizations use multiple strategies to increase the number and impact of eco-innovations as a path to achieve competitive advantage. In this article, we study the role of open innovation activities, specifically related to market sources, as a driver of eco-innovation performance. While studies have looked at the relationship between these two emergent innovation phenomena from a broad perspective, we explore whether specific market knowledge sources—clients, suppliers, competitors, and consultants—and their combined use—affect eco-innovation performance. We rely on insights from theories of open innovation and sustainable and environmental innovation to build a theoretical framework about the determinants of eco-innovation performance from a market-driven open innovation perspective. Our sample consists of 3047 firm-year observations obtained from three consecutive panels of the Chilean Innovation Survey (2009–2014). We found that clients, suppliers, competitors, and consultants as knowledge sources positively influence eco-innovation performance in firms. In addition, our results suggest that a combination of client sourcing with supplier and consultant sources of knowledge positively affect eco-innovation performance. We discuss the implications of our findings for open innovation activities on eco-innovation and suggest ideas for future research.

How does open innovation enhance productivity? An exploration in the construction ecosystem

The innovation literature on operations-based organisations describes the positive effect of Open Innovation (OI) on productivity. However, a systemic overview of how OI directly and indirectly impacts productivity is missing, particularly for project-based organisations. Hence, the article aims to fill this gap by providing a systemic representation of how OI enhances project-based organisations' productivity. The article focuses on the construction ecosystem since construction is an exemplary project-based industry and is known for its widespread and longstanding poor productivity. In particular, we investigated how OI is adopted and how OI can enhance productivity in the construction ecosystem. We conducted twenty semi-structured interviews with experts involved in OI construction projects in the UK. This paper makes three academic contributions. First, it provides an account of the most relevant causes for poor productivity in construction. Second, it consolidates primary and secondary data in a novel cognitive map providing a systemic representation of how OI enhances productivity in construction. The validity of the map goes beyond the boundaries of the construction ecosystem, being supported by several cross-sectorial references. Third, the paper offers six strategies that leverage OI to address the specific causes of low productivity in construction.

The effects of inbound open innovation, outbound open innovation, and team role diversity on open source software project performance

This manuscript delineates two open innovation strategies, inbound and outbound, to examine how their trade-off effects on open source software project performance are affected by project team role diversity. We leverage Opportunity-Motivation-Ability (OMA) theory to explain that inbound open innovation provides opportunities to access external knowledge in open innovation community networks; but whether a project can absorb and utilize such external knowledge depends on outbound open innovation and project team role diversity, which influence the team members' motivation and ability to do so. Using a large sample of open source software projects, the empirical findings suggest project performance should be distinguished as internal (technical performance) and external (market performance) to understand the effects of open innovation strategy. Technical performance is enhanced with a coupled open innovation strategy that leverages both high outbound open innovation and high inbound open innovation, in conjunction with low team role diversity. However, an inbound open innovation strategy is optimal for market performance, particularly when team role diversity is high. Thus, project team role diversity explains the trade-off effects of inbound and outbound open innovation strategies on project technical performance and market performance.

The Effect of Technology and Open Innovation on Women-Owned Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan

The Effect of Technology and Open Innovation on Women-Owned Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan

Effects of Open Innovation Towards School Performance in Johore State

Open Innovation remains the process of enabling inflow and outflow of knowledge, ideas, design, plus technologies throughout the organization during the various stages of the innovation process. This Innovation consists of inbound and outbound open innovations, whereby inbound open Innovation is the influx of knowledge, while outbound open innovation remains the outward flow of knowledge. Previously, studies related to open innovation have only focused specifically on the business world, the industrial sector while less focused on strategy and its implementation in the education sector. This study aims to fill this gap by studying open innovation in ordinary day secondary schools due to their significant contribution to development Malaysian education. Based on an open innovation model and a theory of views based on resources, this study will analyse the role of open and innovative innovation activities government support in determining the innovative capabilities of secondary schools. In this conceptual paper, the author develops the conceptual model that will be used in further research activities in education sector and will contribute to a better understanding of open innovation activities and their practices in secondary schools in Malaysia.

Inbound and Outbound Practices of Open Innovation and Eco-Innovation: Contrasting Bioeconomy and Non-Bioeconomy Firms

Generating innovation with environmental impact is crucial for firms to achieve sustainable eco-innovative performance. In the reference literature on open innovation, gaps still persist at the level of scarce and limited knowledge on the use of knowledge sources and flows, for the purpose of strengthening the eco-innovative performance of the bioeconomy sector. To address these caveats, this study analyses the effects of open innovation on eco-innovation, based on inbound and outbound support practices. Specifically, it aims to analyse the effects of these practices on the eco-innovative performance of bioeconomy and non-bioeconomy firms, using secondary data gathered from the Community Innovation Survey—CIS 2010 for a sample of moderately innovative countries, namely Slovakia, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Portugal and the Czech Republic. The conceptual model proposed is tested using multivariate tobit regression models, in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability required to validate empirical tests. Overall, the empirical evidence allows the conclusion that inbound and outbound practices and public policies have a positive and significant influence on the eco-innovative performance of the firms studied. The contribution provided is two-fold: (i) in theoretical terms, an operational model of open innovation inbound and outbound practices is extended, crossing financial flows and innovation directions; and (ii) in empirical terms, new light is shed on the still limited knowledge about the positive and significant effects of open innovation outbound practices on the eco-innovative performance of companies belonging to a global strategic sector—that is, the bioeconomy sector, which has renewed strategic importance in the face of global climate change.

Open innovation in SMEs: The mediating role between human capital and firm performance

The paper aims to understanding Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) performance by combining two theoretical approaches, the resource-based approach and the open innovation approach, which are widely considered separately in the literature. It proposes to investigate the effect of human resources antecedents on open innovation as well as its consequences on firm performance in the specific context of SMEs. More specifically, the study examines a baseline assumption that there is a positive and indirect association between the human capital and the performance through the mediating effect of inbound open innovation. Results revealed that human capital in terms of managerial skills and social networks has an indirect positive influence on degree of innovation and global performance through a perfect mediating role exercised by the degree of openness. In addition, findings showed that the degree of openness of the innovation process always plays a role of partial mediator in the relationship between strategic vision and overall performance. Another important conclusion is that the practices of inbound open innovation strengthen, by a partial mediation effect, the positive impact of internal research and development capacity on the degree of innovation.

Harvesting reflective knowledge exchange for inbound open innovation in complex collaborative networks: an empirical verification in Europe

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of open innovation (OI) and big data analytics (BDA) on reflective knowledge exchange (RKE) within the context of complex collaborative networks. Specifically, it considers the relationships between sourcing knowledge from an external environment, transferring knowledge to an external environment and adopting solutions that are useful to appropriate returns from innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes the connection between the number of patent applications and the amount of OI, as well as the association between the number of patent applications and the use of BDA. Data from firms in the 27 European Union countries were retrieved from the Eurostat database for the period 2014–2019 and were investigated using an ordinary least squares regression analysis.FindingsBecause of its twofold lens based on both knowledge management and OI, this study sheds light on OI collaboration modes and highlights the crucial role they could play in innovation. In particular, the results suggest that OI collaboration modes have a strong effect on innovation performance, stimulating the search for RKE.Originality/valueThis study furthers a deeper understanding of RKE, which is shown to be an important mechanism that incentivizes firms to increase their efforts in the innovation process. Further, RKE supports firms in taking full advantage of the innovative knowledge they generate within their inter-organizational network.

The Carbon Dilemma: Intervening Effects of Technological Competition and Open Innovation

The relationship between carbon emissions and firms’ performance has long been the subject of debate, but no solid conclusions have yet been reached. This study provides a dynamic view of this relationship and presents a performance paradox derived from carbon emissions with an additional analysis on the roles of both technological competition and open innovation. Based on a sample of 584 Taiwanese high-tech manufacturing firms over six years (2012-2017) with 3,504 firm-year observations, and applying the least square with dummy variable (LSDV) regression model, we find support for our proposed hypotheses. Specifically, we find that carbon emissions present a performance paradox for firms, in that prior profitability performance (e.g., ROA) induces a high level of carbon emission which, in turn, deteriorates subsequent market performance (e.g., Tobin’s Q). We also find that the intensity of technological competition strengthens the positive relationship between prior profitability and carbon emissions, while firms’ engagement in coupled open innovation weakens the negative relationship between carbon emissions and market performance. Our study provide explanations for why firms do not or cannot reduce their carbon emissions while they are profitable, as well as how they can avoid this paradox. We also offer suggestions for theory and practice.

Open innovation, network embeddedness and incremental innovation capability

PurposeThis study aims at developing a better understanding of the relationship between network embeddedness and incremental innovation capability and further examines the moderating effect of open innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts hierarchical regressions to validate the theoretical model and collect the patent data of the top 54 firm patentees in the smartphone industry as empirical sample. Using patent citation network data, this paper estimates the relationship between open innovation, network embeddedness and incremental innovation capability.FindingsThis paper empirically shows that structural embeddedness exerts a negative effect on incremental innovation capability, while relational embeddedness is positively related to incremental innovation capability. And open innovation strengthens the relationship between network embeddedness and incremental innovation capability.Originality/valueThis paper shifts the focus of the determinants of incremental innovation capability from internal factors to the external network features by exploring the linkage between network embeddedness and incremental innovation capability. A counterintuitive conclusion is that structural embeddedness shows a negative effect on firm's incremental innovation capability. Furthermore, in contrast to most previous studies, which only focus on the direct effect of open innovation on the firm's incremental innovation capability, our study examines the moderating effect of open innovation on the relationships between network embeddedness and incremental innovation capability. At last, the results provide practical guidance for firms to occupy the beneficial network positions and adopt appropriate open innovation strategies to improve their incremental innovation capability.

Does international entrepreneurial orientation foster innovation performance? The mediating role of social media and open innovation

This study investigates the relationship between international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) and innovation performance. It analyzes IEO as a key antecedent of innovation performance by considering the underlying effects of open innovation and social media usage. We test the hypothesized relationships by performing partial least squares analysis for data collected from a survey sample of 128 small and medium-sized enterprises. The results indicate that open innovation mediates the relationship between IEO and innovation performance, while social media usage mediates the relationship between IEO and open innovation. This study contributes to literature on entrepreneurship and innovation by providing new evidence regarding the benefits of IEO in terms of innovation effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms in this relationship. It also contributes to the emerging literature on the antecedents of open innovation and social media usage, as well as their effects on innovation performance. The results additionally have relevant management implications.

How to Prevent Crowdsourcing Disasters and Leverage Positive Side Effects of Open Innovation

Abstract The gains from crowdsourcing can be high, but so can the risks. Contests may become a nightmare for the sponsoring organization if the innovators do not behave as planned. When contest managers act in undesirable ways from a participant’s perspective, community members might bash, shame or ridicule a company. To prevent “firestorms” – negative, often highly emotional posts in social media that are eagerly taken over by traditional media – project sponsors need to ensure fairness throughout the contest. The value of the price and the procedures for selecting winners must be fair and transparent – and companies need to stick to predefined rules. Organizations that succeed in keeping their community motivated might not only benefit from new ideas, but also from additional positive effects. Devoting time, skills and personal engagement to developing new ideas for a company favors intense relationships, and participants often become passionate brand followers. By communicating openly about their approach of open innovation, companies can also foster their innovative image.

Factors influencing the Production of Local Rice in Ghana : The Moderating Role of Open Innovation

<p><strong>Purpose </strong>– The study reports the factors influencing the production of local rice in Ghana with a moderating effect of open innovation to boost rice production. <br> <strong>Design/methodology/approach</strong> – This study employs a cross-sectional survey to gather the views of 250 rice farmers. A self-administered survey questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using SmartPLS software 3.2.8.<br> <strong>Findings</strong> – The study indicates that land tenure system, inadequate infrastructure and irrigation system are the factors influencing the production of local rice in Ghana. The findings suggest<br> that all four factors have a significant and positive effect on the production of rice. The study shows that there is a direct and positive relationship between open innovation and output of rice production in Ghana. Open innovation was found to moderate the positive relationship between infrastructure and rice output. Again, the relationship between land tenure system and rice production is moderated by open innovation. Furthermore, the relationship between irrigation and rice production is moderated by open innovation. <br> <strong>Practical implications</strong> – To improve rice production, the study therefore, recommend that, infrastructure is provided in the rice producing areas to enhance rice production by investing in the area of road networks, rice-milling equipment such as pre-cleaners, destoners that separate stones and heavy impurities from grains, hullers, polishers, paddy separators, aspirators and graders to ensure post-harvest product quality.<br> <strong>Originality/value</strong> – These findings offer a far-reaching approach to enhance the production of local rice in Ghana, in the quest to achieve food security. Old-fashioned agricultural methods are simply not sustainable enough to achieve food security for a rapidly growing population; hence, innovation is the way to go to achieved food security by investing in the agricultural sector. </p>

Does openness to innovation matter? The moderating role of open innovation between organizational ambidexterity and innovation performance

ABSTRACT Based on organizational ambidexterity theory and knowledge-based view, this study presents a conceptual framework that links organizational ambidexterity, open innovation and innovation performance together and tested this framework by distributing questionnaires to senior managers in East and Mid-China to assess related variables. The empirical study analysis based on 274 returned questionnaires finds a non-linear relationship between organizational ambidexterity and innovation performance and the moderating effects of inbound and outbound open innovation on the ambidexterity-performance relationship. To effectively use organizational ambidexterity, firms need open innovation to use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and to take advantage of both internal and external paths to market.

Open Innovation and CSR, Determinants in Logistics and Performance in Commercial SMES

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of open innovation and corporate environmental social responsibility on logistics and performance that is manifested in SMEs. The research is based on a sample of 101 companies located in the Guaymas Sonora region located in the Northwest of Mexico. The data collection was carried out in a period between September and November 2019, with the support of a structured self-directed survey of the company manager. For the analysis and validation of the results, the statistical technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) based on variance through PLS (Partial Least Square) has been used. The results indicate that open innovation and environmental corporate social responsibility have a significant influence on the logistics processes of SMEs, and that logistics is also a business practice that allows to increase Performance. The work contributes to the development of the literature and theory of dynamic capabilities and sustainability.

The effect of managing different types of work on open innovation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the different types of work and to examine how they are related with open innovation, either by carrying out relationships with companies or external agents, or through the outsourcing of qualified and creative work.Design/methodology/approachAfter the theoretical analysis of the different types of work, the empirical study uses qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to analyze the different variables and their relations which favor open innovation.FindingsThe combination of the variables in the QCA makes it possible to obtain three paths among the characteristics of the qualified work and open innovation, with a positive empirical result. The general conclusion is that the motivation level of the qualified work is relevant for open innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has some limitations, notably the reliability of the measurement of the variables, based on the subjective assessment of the respondent employee. The limited number of cases is always a question to be considered, although the statistical results show consistency in the results.Practical implicationsThe most important implication for practice is the relevant connection between the internal efficiency in the management of the different types of work and open innovation.Originality/valueThe originality and value of this paper consist in relating the internal efficiency in the work management with the effectiveness and success of open innovation.

The effect of cybercrime on open innovation policies in technology firms

PurposeOpen innovation is important for technology firms as they can use freely available resources to source creative and innovative ideas. Despite the usefulness of open innovation for technological advancements, few studies have focused on the role of cybercrime in affecting an organizations strategic direction. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of open innovation on cybercrime in technology firms.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted on technology firms to understand the role of open innovation in terms of technology scouting, horizontal collaboration and vertical collaboration on cybercrime activity.FindingsThe study found that there is a dilemma most technology firm’s face in having an open innovation strategy and how to manage cybercrime. This means that a coopetition strategy is utilized that helps to not only balance the need to have open innovation but also protect intellectual property.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has implications for emerging technology innovations that not only need to have cyber security but also harness the use of Big Data.Practical implicationsManagers of technology firms need to encourage open innovation as a strategy but manage the cybercrime that comes from sharing too much information in an online context.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to link open innovation strategy to cybercrime activity in technology firms. Thus, it contributes to the literature on open innovation and cyber theft and security.

Collective Intelligence: An Emerging World in Open Innovation

Responding to the lack of empirical research on the effect of collective intelligence on open innovation in the fourth industrial revolution, we examined the relationship between collective intelligence and open innovation. Collective intelligence or crowd innovation not only produces creative ideas or inventions, but also moderates any firm to innovate inside-out, outside-in, or in a coupled manner. We asked the following research questions: Does collective intelligence (or crowd innovation) motivate open innovation? Is there any difference in the effect of collective intelligence on open innovation by industry? These research questions led to the following three hypotheses: (1) Collective intelligence increases the performance of a firm, (2) collective intelligence will moderate the effect of open innovation, and (3) differences exist between the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industry in these two effects. To empirically examine these three hypotheses, we analyzed the registered patents of these two industries from 2000 to 2014 over a 15-year period. These automotive and pharmaceutical patents were registered in the B60 category and the A61K category of the Korea Patent office, respectively. Collective intelligence was measured by co-invention. We found differences in the effects of collective intelligence on open innovation between the two industries. In the automotive industry, collective intelligence not only directly increased the performance, but also indirectly moderated the open innovation effect. However, this was not the case for the pharmaceutical industry.