Effect Of Occupational Status Research Articles

The effect of occupational status on health: Putting the social in socioeconomic status

High status occupations support positive health outcomes through providing access to both material and psychosocial resources. However, common measures of occupational status such as occupational prestige scores fail to capture cultural esteem that certain occupations can provide because they are primarily associated with the material dimensions of status, like income. Drawing on Weberian conceptions of status and a body of social psychological research on the measurement of cultural meaning, we argue that measuring people's ratings of their occupations on three dimensions—evaluation (good/bad), potency (powerful/weak), and activity (active/inactive)—provides an occupational status indicator that more fully captures psychosocial resources like esteem that are associated with health than more commonly used occupational prestige scores. Using a nationally representative longitudinal health and wellbeing survey of 940 American law enforcement officers collected between 2020 and 2022, we evaluate the predictive ability of evaluation, potency, and activity (EPA) ratings across thirteen measures of health and wellbeing. We find that EPA ratings were significant and positive predictors of eleven of thirteen outcomes with stronger effects for mental health outcomes compared to physical health outcomes. EPA ratings were more predictive than more commonly used occupational prestige scores. We conclude that EPA ratings are better predictors of health outcomes than occupational prestige scores and so may allow health researchers to better understand the relationship between occupational status and health.

Effects of occupational status on social adjustment after laryngectomy in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer

PurposeThis study was performed to examine the relationship of social adjustment with occupation and life changes in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, from before laryngectomy to 1 year after hospital discharge.MethodsThe subjects were 27 patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer who were admitted to hospital for laryngectomy and provided informed consent for participation in the study. The patients answered questionnaire surveys before surgery, and 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge. Regarding social adjustment, social functioning (SF) and mental health (MH) in SF-36V2 were used as dependent variables, and time, occupation status, age, family structure, and sex as independent variables. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the main effect, and second- and third-order interactions were also examined.ResultsThe age of the subjects was 62.9 ± 6.4 years and about 30% had an occupation. Loss of voice was the reason for 30% leaving work. In an examination of the main effects of the four variables, only age was significant regarding SF, and SF was favorable in subjects aged ≥ 64 years old. Regarding MH, age and family structure were significant, and MH was higher in older subjects who lived alone. The interaction between time and the other 3 variables was not significant. Only time/age/occupation was significant for MH. Regarding SF, a weak interaction was suggested, but it was not significant.ConclusionOlder subjects showed better social adjustment, and those who lived alone had better MH. These findings may have been due to a reduced environmental influence. MH of subjects with an occupation decreased more at 3 months or later after hospital discharge, compared to those without an occupation. Especially for younger patients, development of new approaches is required to allow families and colleagues of patients to understand the difficulties of patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.

The Effects of Occupational Status and Sex-Typed Jobs on the Evaluation of Men and Women.

Background: Occupational segregation by gender is one of the major problems faced by professional women in the labor market. Since the sixties, psychological explanations point out that gender stereotypes are responsible for this persistent inequality in the workforce. Nevertheless, most of research has overlooked that emotions are particularly important as the discrimination faced by professional women is better explained by the ambivalent feelings they provoke than by stereotyping.Aim: The aim of this research is to analyse from the Stereotype Content Model (SCM, Fiske et al., 2002) and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) Map (Cuddy et al., 2007) whether cognitive, affective and behavioral components of prejudice act jointly to explain gender segregation in the labor market.Method: 1098 Spanish workers (59% women) from different occupational sectors were requested to rate how professional men and women in high (leaders) and low status (secretaries) positions who work in male (high-tech company) and female-dominated (health company) occupations are perceived (stereotypes), as well as the affective responses and the behavioral tendencies that they arouse.Data analyses: Two analyses of variance (a) and two ANOVAs with repeated measures (b) were carried out to analyze the effect of occupational status (high vs. low), type of company (high-tech vs. health) and workers’ sex (men vs. women) on: (a) the social structural variables (status and competition), (b) on the stereotyped dimensions (competence and warmth) and (c) on emotions (admiration, envy and contempt). Finally, mediational analyses were carried out to examine the link between stereotypes, emotions, and behavioral tendencies.Results: The most striking results show that (a) competition and status differentiate leaders and secretaries, (b) men leaders are rated as more competent and less warm than secretaries, whereas women leaders are viewed as more competent than women secretaries but with equivalent warmth, and (c) admiration and envy predict behavioral tendencies, but restricted to professional men regardless of organizational context.Conclusion: Results reveal that cognitive, affective and behavioral components of prejudice act jointly to explain discrimination against women in the workplace. Findings are discussed according to the SCM and the BIAS Map.

The negative health consequences of unemployment: The case of Poland

In the 1990s Poland began to make a transition to a free-market economy: a transition accompanied by a variety of negative socio-economic developments, most notably a rise in unemployment. The aim of this study is to shed light on the relationship between occupational status (including unemployment) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), by examining the experience of 542 men and 572 women between the ages of 40 and 50 of the town of Wroclaw in 2006. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS), which uses certain health and life-style parameters to predict the risk of major coronary problems over a 10-year period, was calculated, and the effect of occupational status on the FRS was assessed. The results showed that the FRS varied according to sex and to occupational status, with the highest FRS rating among unemployed men. Thus governmental policies to counter the adverse effects of unemployment should be developed to remedy the problem.

Predictive effect of occupational status on perceived ease of use of computer base libraries by library staff in some Nigerian universities

Predictive effect of occupational status on perceived ease of use of computer base libraries by library staff in some Nigerian universities

Effects of educational attainment and occupational status on cognitive and functional decline in persons with Alzheimer-type dementia.

Researchers have suggested that educational attainment and occupational status--indicators of cognitive and/or neurologic "reserve"--can help persons compensate for clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as the rates of cognitive and functional decline. The effects of educational attainment on rates of decline could be "direct" independent of occupational status), "indirect" (working through occupational status), or both. We used multilevel analysis for repeated measures to study the effects of educational attainment and occupational status on rates of decline in cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) and function (Cleveland Scale for Activities of Daily Living). Subjects included persons with "probable" or "possible" AD, drawn from our Alzheimer's Disease Research Center registry (N = 482 in the analysis of cognitive decline, and N = 450 in the analysis of functional decline). When controlling for year of birth, gender, ethnicity, and duration of illness, we found that there was an inverse relationship between number of years of education and rate of decline in MMSE, but effects of occupational status were not significant. This implies a "direct" effect of education on decline in MMSE, but no "indirect" effect through occupational status. Neither educational attainment nor occupational status affected rate of decline in functional ability. We conclude that education slows the rate of cognitive decline in persons with AD, but not through its impact on occupational status. Thus, the protective effects of reserve may be established early in life, before people enter the workforce.

Work and family roles in relation to women's well‐being: A longitudinal study

Previous research on women has focused on the influence of the overall work- or family-role experiences rather than on the specific characteristics of each role. Using multidimensional measures of work- and family-role experiences, this study first examined (Time 1) the additive cumulative contributions of role experiences in the prediction of women's well-being (happiness and symptoms of psychological distress). While work overload significantly predicted distress at Time 2, none of the family-role variables were related to well-being. Second, as the sample was made up of two groups of women who differed in occupational status (secretaries and professional women), it was possible that the effects of overload on distress might be conditioned by occupational status. The group X overload interaction term was found to be highly significant (p < .007); high occupational status moderated the negative effects of work overload. By contrast, secretaries were adversely affected by work overload. These results are discussed in relation to the existing literature, with reference to women's work and family roles in relation to well-being, and the effects of occupational status on health outcomes.

The transition to parenthood in Puerto Rico: Occupational status and the timing of first births

This study examines the relationship between occupational status and fertility timing during a period of rapid development in Puerto Rico. Our fundamental hypothesis is that women with higher status occupations face greater opportunity costs than those with less valued jobs and therefore will be more likely to postpone parenthood until later ages than women without such high costs. We test this hypothesis using event history techniques with data from the 1982 Puerto Rico Fertility and Family Planning Assessment, an island-wide survey of women between the ages of 15 and 49. The analysis examines the effects of occupational status on the timing of first births, and finds strong support for the basic hypothesis, especially regarding the post-ponement of teen births. After the teen years, the effects are less pronounced. Overall, it appears that employment opportunities have played an important role in childbearing decisions in Puerto Rico.

Intergenerational Mobility in the Republic of Ireland: Does Gender Make a Difference?

This article compares in regression models the effects of occupational status of both fathers and mothers simultaneously upon the attainment of men and women in the Irish Republic. The sample match...

Transport Inputs and Residential Rent Theory: An Empirical Analysis*

Geographical AnalysisVolume 2, Issue 1 p. 43-54 Free Access Transport Inputs and Residential Rent Theory: An Empirical Analysis* James O. Wheeler, James O. Wheeler James Wheeler is associate professor of geography and the computer institute for social science research, Michigan State University.Search for more papers by this author James O. Wheeler, James O. Wheeler James Wheeler is associate professor of geography and the computer institute for social science research, Michigan State University.Search for more papers by this author First published: January 1970 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1970.tb00143.xCitations: 6 * The author gratefully acknowledges support for this study from an All University Research Grant, Michigan State University. Computer analysis was carried out in the Computers Centers at Western Michigan University and Michigan State University. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat LITERATURE CITED 1 Alonso, W. Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964. 2 Alonso, W. A Theory of the Urban Land Market,” in Readings in Economic Geography: The Location of Economic Activity, ed. H. T. Smith, E. J. Taaffe, and L. J. King. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1968. 3 Berry, B. J. L., W. Simmons, and R. J. Tennant. Urban Population Densities: Structure and Change,” Geographical Review, 53 (1963), 389– 405. 4 Brodsky, H. Location Rent and Journey-to-Work Patterns in Seattle.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1966. 5 Evans, H. K. A Vast New Storehouse of Transportation and Marketing Data,” Journal of Marketing, 30 (1966), 33– 40. 6 Garrison, W. L. Urban Transportation Studies,” in Papers on Regional Statistical Studies, ed. S. Ostry and T. K. Rymes. Toronto: University of Toronto, 1966. Pp. 1– 13. 7 Kain, J. F. The Journey to Work as a Determinant of Residential Locations,” Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, 9 (1962), 137– 60. 8 King, L. J. Approaches to Locational Analysis: An Overview,” The East Lakes Geographer, 2 (1966). 9 Morrill, R. L. The Movement of Persons and the Transportation Problem,” Quantitative Geography: Economic and Cultural Topics, ed. W. L. Garrison and D. F. Marble. Evanston: Department of Geography, Northwestern University, 1967. Pp. 84– 93. 10 Nourse, H. O. Regional Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968. Pp. 93– 125. 11 Stevens, B. H. Linear Programming and Location Rent,” Journal of Regional Science, 3 (1961), 15– 26. 12 von Böventer, E. The Relationship Between Transportation Costs and Location Rent in Transportation Problems,” Journal of Regional Science, 3 (1961), 27– 40. 13 Wheeler, J. O. Occupational Status and Work-Trips: A Minimum Distance Approach,” Social Forces, 45 (1966), 508– 15. 14 Wheeler, J. O. Some Effects of Occupational Status on Work-Trips,” Journal of Regional Science, 9 (1969), pp. 69– 77. 15 Wingo, L. Jr. Transportation and Urban Land. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1961. 16 Zettel, R. M. and R. R. Carll. Summary Review of Major Metropolitan Area Transportation Studies in the United States. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of Transportation and Traffic Engineers, 1962. Citing Literature Volume2, Issue1January 1970Pages 43-54 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The Effects of Occupational Status on Physical and Mental Health1

The Effects of Occupational Status on Physical and Mental Health¹