Effects Of Nutritional Strategies Research Articles

Feeding strategies to increase sow colostrum quality and yield

Effects of nutritional strategies on colostrum quality and yield are variable as influenced by sow colostrum production capacity, parity, farrowing induction protocol, and gestation length. The greatest opportunity to maximize colostrum yield and quality is through proper management of body condition in gestation such that sows are not in a negative energy balance when entering farrowing. Total colostrum fat percentage can be increased through the addition of dietary fat or oil. Colostrum fatty acid composition can also be changed by addition of dietary oil or increased branched chain amino acids. Colostrum protein and immunoglobulins are more challenging to influence.

A Systematic Review of CrossFit® Workouts and Dietary and Supplementation Interventions to Guide Nutritional Strategies and Future Research in CrossFit®

CrossFit® is a high-intensity functional training method consisting of daily workouts called "workouts of the day." No nutritional recommendations exist for CrossFit® that are supported by scientific evidence regarding the energetic demands of this type of activity or dietary and supplement interventions. This systematic review performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines aimed to identify studies that determined (a)the physiological and metabolic demands of CrossFit® and (b)the effects of nutritional strategies on CrossFit® performance to guide nutritional recommendations for optimal recovery, adaptations, and performance for CrossFit® athletes and direct future research in this emerging area. Three databases were searched for studies that investigated physiological responses to CrossFit® and dietary or supplementation interventions on CrossFit® performance. Various physiological measures revealed the intense nature of all CrossFit® workouts of the day, reflected in substantial muscle fatigue and damage. Dietary and supplementation studies provided an unclear insight into effective strategies to improve performance and enhance adaptations and recovery due to methodological shortcomings across studies. This systematic review showed that CrossFit® is a high-intensity sport with fairly homogenous anaerobic and aerobic characteristics, resulting in substantial metabolic stress, leading to metabolite accumulation (e.g.,lactate and hydrogen ions) and increased markers of muscle damage and muscle fatigue. Limited interventional data exist on dietary and supplementation strategies to optimize CrossFit® performance, and most are moderate to very low quality with some critical methodological limitations, precluding solid conclusions on their efficacy. High-quality work is needed to confirm the ideal dietary and supplemental strategies for optimal performance and recovery for CrossFit® athletes and is an exciting avenue for further research.

Quantity and quality of production, partitioning of dry matter and of mineral nutrients in apple trees subjected to four-year different fertilization strategies

This four-year trial (2011-2014), carried out in Northeastern Italy on 'Red Delicious' Sandidge/M9 trained to spindle, was made to determine which kind of fertilization strategy can improve productivity and quality and to test the effect of nutritional strategies on the development of the different organs and the distribution of nutrients in the plant. The trial refers the comparison of four different nutritional strategies, based on the total amount of 70 kg of nitrogen (N) with a control. Five different treatments, replicated three times, were compared: unfertilized test (T) or control, distribution of fertilizers by radical way, split in autumn-spring (AS), exclusive spring application (S), fertigation (F), and combination of radical spring fertilizer and fertigation (SF). In each growing season, physiological data (SPAD, NDVI), nutrient content of leaves and fruits, production, and quality were measured. In order to check nutritional modifications due to fertilization, after the harvest in 2014, three plants per treatment were excavated. Successively they were divided into different annual or permanent organs. T produced less, with smaller and shorter fruits than the other treatments, but with the highest color. F had significantly higher yields than T and AS. The treatments S, F, and SF, had plants with higher levels of SPAD, NDVI and leaf N and also had more vigorous and productive plants, with hard, acidic fruits, and less sugar content and color compared with T and AS. Plants subjected to fertilization had a significant greater number of fine roots and leaf area than unfertilized ones. The distribution of the nutrients in the plant in relation to fertilization application indicated significant differences in total accumulation/plant for N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur. Fertigation was more efficient than soil application, excluding for iron (Fe) in roots and leaves, and calcium (Ca) in fruits.