Effects Of Nourishment Research Articles

Wound Stress, an Unheeded Factor for Echinacoside Accumulation in Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma.

Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, a precious parasitic medicinal herb distributed in desert areas in the Northwest of China, also known as “desert ginseng”, has been used in China for thousands of years for its nourishing effects. The phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs) have been proven as the main effective compounds due to their neuroprotective effects and were used for quality control. In this study, echinacoside content, a representative PeG, total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging activity, and PAL activity were determined in different tissues of C. deserticola. Our results showed that most indices had a similar pattern of scale > cambium ring > pith and bottom part > middle part > upper part. Besides, stereomicroscopic observation showed that the scale surface was densely covered with physical wounds formed during vertical and broadwise growth in sand. Thus, wound area was quantified and a linear regression analysis was conducted between wound area and PAL activity, total phenolics, and echinacoside content. Our results suggested that physical wounding caused by sand might play an important role in echinacoside biosynthesis which has never been noticed in C. deserticola development. Furthermore, the coexistence of the highest PAL activity and highest echinacoside accumulation in scale tissue might indicate that the biosynthetic site of echinacoside in C. deseticola Y. C. Ma is mainly in the scale tissue.

Exploring the process of workplace bullying in Indian organizations

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the process of workplace bullying in Indian organizations from the victims’ perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the grounded theory approach and centered on the participants’ experiences, interpretations, and reactions toward bullying. In total, 23 self-reported victims formed the sample of the study. Data from interviews were analyzed using the coding procedure of grounded theory methodology. To enhance the validity of results, in addition to interviews, member checking technique was also used.FindingsThe study revealed that the process of workplace bullying in Indian organizations can be broadly explained in four sequential phases: exposure and confusion over mistreatment; making attributions; utilizing options within the organization; and adjustment with the current situation. The findings highlight the importance of sense-making, the social support network, complexity of coping behaviors, silence motives of employees as well as negative and nourishing effects of workplace bullying. The role of culture is visible in the bullying dynamics.Research limitations/implicationsThe study examined bullying from the victims’ perspective; however, perpetrator and bystanders’ perspective would have added interesting insights into the findings.Practical implicationsThe findings point toward the rhetoric of HRM practices in Indian organizations. A well formulated and implemented anti-bullying policy will reduce the rhetoric of HRM practices in Indian organizations.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the limited literature on the process of workplace bullying by exploring the process in a new national context (India).

Technical and technological solution for vegetal bio-stimulants obtaining

The paper presents a modern technology for bio fertilizers resulted from waste plant mass after harvesting crops Experimental products were obtained rich in nutrients, but unstable in terms of existing microorganisms. Therefore, they conducted further studies to obtaining bio fungicide herb, so in all investigations undertaken so far in the laboratory, were able to conclude that the introduction of medicinal plant extracts with fungicidal effect into the bio fertilizers obtained by degradation of plant material post-harvest can get various bio-stimulants with nourishing effect upon the plants. Following this technology the paper’s objective is to identify a flux scheme for experimental equipment which can produce as final outcome this type of bio-stimulant. Also, in this work, this equipment will be chosen and will be designed following and obeying to the request of every step of the above technology.

Integrating UHPLC-MS/MS quantification and DAS analysis to investigate the effects of wine-processing on the tissue distributions of bioactive constituents of herbs in rats: Exemplarily shown for Dipsacus asper.

Wine-processing, which is sauteing with rice wine, will change the inclination and direction of herbs' actions. After being wine-processed, the effects of nourishing liver and kidney of Dipsacus asper will be strengthened. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The following study is to establish and validate an UHPLC-MS/MS approach to determine six bioactive constituents in tissue samples, including loganin, loganic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid and asperosaponin VI and apply the approach to a comparative tissue distribution study of raw and wine-processed Dipsacus asper in rats. A Shimadzu UHPLC system coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was employed for analysis of the six analytes using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. A one-step protein precipitation by methanol was employed to extract the six analytes from tissues. Chloramphenicol and glycyrrhetinic acid were selected as internal standards. The proposed approach was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, repeatability as well as recovery. Our results revealed that all of the calibration curves displayed good linear regression (r2>0.9991). Intra- and inter-assay variability for all analytes ranged from -4.62 to 4.93% and from -4.98 to 4.92%, respectively. The recovery rates for each analytes were determined to be 88.3-100.1%. All the samples showed satisfactory precision and accuracy after various stability tests, including storage at 25°C for 4h, -80°C for 30days, three-freeze-thaw cycles, and 4°C for 24h. Tissue pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC0-t, t1/2, Tmax and Cmax were calculated. Collectively, the parameters of Cmax and AUC0-t of the six analytes in wine-processed group were remarkably elevated (p<0.05) in the rat liver and kidney as compared with those of the raw group. But in the rat heart and spleen, the Cmax and AUC0-t of asperosaponin VI was decreased as compared with those of the raw group. The accumulation of bioactive constituents in liver and kidney tissues after wine-processing will contribute to the enhancement of liver and kidney nourishing effects.

XBEACH 모형에 의한 해운대 해수욕장 양빈후의 해빈류 특성 변화

In this study, to predict the effect of beach nourishment at Haeundae Beach, the waves and wave-induced currents were compared before and after beach nourishment using the XBEACH model. Representative wave conditions were determined for the data observed during 2014 (KHOA). Then, the Hs,max and Hs,1/10 values, and their prevalent directions, were used in the numerical modeling input data. A variable grid system was used for the <TEX>$5km{\times}2.5km$</TEX> model areas, and irregular waves based on the JONSWAP spectrum were given as incident wave conditions. In the summer season, eastward wave-induced currents were developed along the beach by the incident wave direction. Before the beach nourishment, the maximum speed around the surf zone was 1.2-1.5 m/s in the central zone of the beach, whereas the maximum speed increased to 1.4-1.6 m/s at the same areas when the currents toward Mipo Harbor were blocked as an effect of the groins after the beach nourishment. In the winter season, westward wave-induced currents were developed along the beach by the incident wave direction. After the beach nourishment, the maximum current speed increased slightly around the surf zone in the central area of the beach, and the littoral current speed decreased at the submerged breakwaters located at Dongbaek Island. As a result, after the beach nourishment, the maximum wave-induced currents increased about 10% in the surf zone of the central area of the beach.

Life at Both Ends of the Ladder: Education-Based Identification and Its Association With Well-Being and Social Attitudes.

Level of formal education is an important divide in contemporary societies; it is positively related to health, well-being, and social attitudes such as tolerance for minorities and interest in politics. We investigated whether education-based identification is a common underlying factor of these education effects. Indeed, education-based identification was stronger among the higher educated, especially for identification aspects that encompass education-based group esteem (i.e., the belief that one’s educational group is worthy and that others think so, too). Furthermore, while group esteem had beneficial effects across educational levels, aspects of identification that were unrelated to group esteem had positive effects for the higher educated but not for the less educated. Thus, the less educated do not benefit from the psychologically nourishing effect of identification that exists for other groups. The stigma and responsibility related to low education could be a common explanation for a wide range of outcomes.

Zooplankton Abundance in the Surf Zones of Nourished and Unnourished Beaches in Southeastern North Carolina, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT Stull, K.J.; Cahoon, L.B., and Lankford, T.E., 2016. Zooplankton abundance in the surf zones of nourished and unnourished beaches in southeastern North Carolina, U.S.A. Surf zones are poorly studied in comparison to adjacent estuarine and continental shelf ecosystems, partly owing to their dynamic, high-energy environment that is often difficult to sample. This study quantified zooplankton abundance in the surf zone at eight sites along three beaches in SE North Carolina between November 2008 and June 2010, encompassing a beach-nourishment cycle at four sites in early 2010. A Before-After/Control-Impact (BACI) sampling design tested the effects of beach nourishment on zooplankton abundance at both medium- (2–3 months) and short-term (2–3 weeks) time scales. Zooplankton abundances in the surf zone ranged from 386–54,900 zooplankters m−3 and averaged about 8240 individuals m−3, an order of magnitude higher than in nearby coastal ocean environments but not as high as in nearby rivers and estuaries. ...

Effect of extracts from Dendrobii ifficinalis flos on hyperthyroidism Yin deficiency mice

Some unhealthy life habits, such as long-term smoking, heavy drinking, sexual overstrain and frequent stay-up could induce the Yin deficiency symptoms of zygomatic red and dysphoria. Stems of Dendrobii officinalis flos (DOF) showed the efficacy of nourishing Yin. In this study, the hyperthyroidism Yin deficiency model was set up to study the yin nourishing effect and action mechanism of DOF, in order to provide the pharmacological basis for developing DOF resources and decreasing resource wastes. ICR mice were divided into five groups: the normal control group, the model control group, the positive control group and DOF extract groups (6.4 g · kg(-1)). Except for the normal group, the other groups were administrated with thyroxine for 30 d to set up the hyperthyroidism yin deficiency model. At the same time, the other groups were administrated with the corresponding drugs for 30 d. After administration for 4 weeks, the signs (facial temperature, pain domain, heart rate and autonomic activity) in mice were measured, and the facial and ear micro-circulation blood flow were detected by laser Doppler technology. After the last administration, all mice were fasted for 12 hours, blood were collected from their orbits, and serum were separated to detect AST, ALT, TG and TP by the automatic biochemistry analyzer and test T3, T4 and TSH levels by ELISA. (1) Compared with the normal control group, the model control group showed significant increases in facial and ear micro-circulation blood flow, facial temperature and heart rate (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), serum AST, ALT (P < 0.01), T3 level (P < 0.05), TSH level (P < 0.05) and notable deceases in pain domain (P < 0.01), TG level (P < 0.01). (2) Compared with the model control group, extracts from DOF (6 g · kg(-1)) could notably reduce facial and ear micro-circulation blood flow, facial temperature and heart rate (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and AST (P < 0.05) and enhance pain domain (P < 0.01) and TG (P < 0.01). Extracts from DOF (4 g · kg(-1)) could remarkably reduce AST and ALT levels (P < 0.01, 0.05). Extracts from DOF (6 g · kg(-1) 4 g · kg(-1)) could significantly reduce T3 and increase serum TSH level (P < 0.05). DOF could improve Yin deficiency symptoms of zygomatic red and dysphoria in mice as well as liver function injury caused by overactive thyroid axis. According to its action mechanism, DOF may show yin nourishing and hepatic protective effects by impacting thyroxin substance metabolism, improving micro-circulation and reducing heart rate.

Assessment of nutritional status in the healthcare setting in Spain.

Early identification of undernourished patients in the healthcare setting, and their nutritional treatment, are essential if the harmful effects of poor nourishment are to be avoided and care costs kept down. The aim of assessing nutritional status is to determine the general health of a patient from a nutritional viewpoint. All hospitalised patients should undergo nutritional screening within 24-48 h of admission, as should any patient who shows signs of being malnourished when visiting any healthcare centre. The infrastructure and resources available, the possibilities of automisation, and the healthcare setting in which such assessment must be performed, etc., determine which method can be used. The European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) recommends the use of the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) method for hospitalised patients, the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) in the community healthcare setting, and the first part of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) for elderly patients. In centres where screening can be computerised, the CONUT® or INFORNUT® methods can be used. A nutritional diagnosis is arrived at using the patient's medical history, a physical examination (including anthropometric assessment), biochemical analysis, and functional tests. No single variable allows a diagnosis to be made. The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and MNA tests are useful in nutritional assessment, but they are not universally regarded as the gold standard. At our hospital, and at many other centres in the Spanish health system, the Nutritional Status Assessment (NSA) method (in Spanish Valoración del Estado Nutricional) is used, which involves the SGA method, the taking of anthropometric measurements, and biochemical analysis. After making a nutritional diagnosis, which should be included in the patient's medical history adhering to International Classification of Diseases code 9 (ICD- 9), and prescribing a nutritional treatment, the patient should be followed up. No single marker can be used to monitor progress; interpretations will once again require examination of the patient's medical history, the taking of anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. Depending on whether a patient is ambulatory or hospitalised, the follow-up assessment times and variables measured will differ.

Natural Skin-care Products: The Case of Soap Made from Cocoa Pod Husk Potash

Consumer demand for natural and organic personal care products has increased steadily due to the fact that some synthetic chemicals have been proven to be harmful to human health. Soaps are general personal hygiene and general cleaning products and they can either be natural or synthetic. A popular local soap produced in Ghana is considered to be a natural soap because it is made from natural ingredients such as potash obtained from cocoa pod husk (CPH) and u nrefined vegetable oils such as palm kernel oil. At the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), the soap has been re - formulated by adding cocoa butter or shea butter to improve on its nourishing effect. Soap made with CPH potash is found to be soft on th e skin and has the properties of the ingredients used in its preparation, making it effective against bacterial and fungal diseases such as eczema and psoriasis. The lathering volume of the soap ranges from 200 - 300 ml, total fatty matter from 84 - 87% and an average pH value of 10, an indication of the absence of free caustic alkali. There is a high demand for the soap locally and it is therefore recommended that its industry be expanded for both local and international markets.

Recent shifts in coastline change and shoreline stabilization linked to storm climate change

AbstractSince cuspate coastlines are especially sensitive to changes in wave climate, they serve as potential indicators of initial responses to changing wave conditions. Previous work demonstrates that Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, which are largely unaffected by shoreline stabilization efforts, have become increasingly asymmetric over the past 30 years, consistent with model predictions for coastline response to increases in Atlantic Ocean summer wave heights and resulting changes in the distribution of wave‐approach angles. Historic and recent shoreline change observations for Cape Fear, North Carolina, and model simulations of coastline response to an increasingly asymmetric wave climate in the presence of beach nourishment, produce comparable differences in shoreline change rates in response to changes in wave climate. Results suggest that the effect of beach nourishment is to compensate for – and therefore to mask – natural responses to wave climate change that might otherwise be discernible in patterns of shoreline change alone. Therefore, this case study suggests that the effects of wave climate change on human‐modified coastlines may be detectable in the spatial and temporal patterns of shoreline stabilization activities. Similar analyses of cuspate features in areas where the change in wave climate is less pronounced (i.e. Fishing Point, Maryland/Virginia) and where local geology appears to exert control on coastline shape (i.e. Cape Canaveral, Florida), suggest that changes in shoreline configuration that may be arising from shifting wave climate are currently limited to sandy wave‐dominated coastlines where the change in wave climate has been most pronounced. However, if hurricane‐generated wave heights continue to increase, large‐scale shifts in patterns of erosion and accretion will likely extend beyond sensitive cuspate features as the larger‐scale coastline shape comes into equilibrium with changing wave conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

RECOVERY OF SANDY BEACH BY GRAVEL NOURISHMENT - EXAMPLE OF NINOMIYA COAST IN KANAGAWA PREFECTURE, JAPAN

The effect of gravel nourishment on the Ninomiya coast, located west of the damaged site of the Seisho Bypass, was investigated. On the basis of field data, a method of recovering the sandy beach by gravel nourishment was numerically investigated using the BG model. As a facility to prevent nourishment gravel from being transported alongshore, two groins were considered, and their effectiveness was shown. The high stability of the recovered beach and the effectiveness of gravel nourishment were confirmed.

A novel oxy-oxonia(azonia)-cope reaction: serendipitous discovery and its application to the synthesis of macrocyclic musks.

This brief review, including new experimental results, is the summary of a talk at the GDCh conference 'flavors & fragrances 2013' in Leipzig, Germany, 11th-13th September, 2013. Musk odorants are indispensable in perfumery to lend sensuality to fine fragrances, a nourishing effect to cosmetics, and a comforting feeling to laundry. We have recently found serendipitously a new oxy-oxonia-Cope rearrangement. In this account, we review the background of oxonia-sigmatropic rearrangements and the discovery of this novel reaction. Special attention is focused on the versatile lactone and lactam formation reactions via [n+4] ring enlargement and the macrocyclization in the synthesis of new macrocyclic musks. The synthesized structures provide new insights into the structure-odor relationships of musks.

富士海岸の吉原工区における礫養浜の効果検証

富士海岸の吉原工区における礫養浜の効果検証

A simplified approach for simulating changes in beach habitat due to the combined effects of long-term sea level rise, storm erosion, and nourishment

Better understanding of the vulnerability of coastal habitats to sea level rise and major storm events are aided by the use of simulation models. Since coastal habitats also undergo frequent nourishment restoration works in order to maintain their viability, vulnerability models must be able to assess the combined effects of sea level rise, storm surge, and beach nourishment. The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) was modified and applied to quantify the changes in the beach area in a 5-km stretch of beach in Santa Rosa Island, Florida due to these combined effects. A new methodology to estimate spatial erosion patterns was developed based on measured erosion during three historic storm events representing a wide range of storm intensities over the study area (named storms Ivan (H5), Dennis (H4), and Katrina (TS)). Future major storms over the 2012-2100 period were generated based on the frequency distribution of historic storms using 4000 simulations to account for uncertainty in the storms temporal distribution. Potential effects of individual, successive, and random storms occurring over the area under 0-1.5 m nourishment schemes were evaluated. The risk of losing the beach habitat in 90 years for different scenarios is studied based on probability distribution contours constructed with the model results. Simulation results suggest that without nourishment, a major storm with a category of tropical storm or higher will reduce the beach at the end of the period by 97-100%. This loss can be reduced to 60% by maintaining a 1-m beach elevation and can further be reduced to 34% with 1.5 m beach nourishment.

Measuring Homophily in Social Network: Identification of Flow of Inspiring Influence under New Vistas of Evolutionary Dynamics

Interaction with different person leads to different kinds of ideas and sharing or some nourishing effects which might influence others to believe or trust or even join some association and subsequently become the member of that community. This will facilitate to enjoy all kinds of social privileges. These concepts of grouping similar objects can be experienced as well as could be implemented on any Social Networks. The concept of homophily could assist to design the affiliation graph (of similar and close similar entities) of every member of any social network thus identifying the most popular community. In this paper we propose and discuss three tier data-mining algorithms) of a social network and evolutionary dynamics from graph properties perspective (embeddedness, betweenness and graph occupancy). A novel contribution is made in the proposal incorporating the principle of evolutionary dynamics to investigate the graph properties. The work also has been extended towards certain specific introspection about the distribution of the impact, and incentives of evolutionary algorithm for social network based events. The experiments demonstrate the interplay between on-line strategies and social network occupancy to maximize their individual profit levels.

岩手県陸前高田市の高田松原の砂浜再生計画の検討

On the Takata-matsubara coast, sandy beach was severely eroded by the return flow of the 2011 Great Earthquake Tsunami occurred on March 11, 2011. The recovery of sandy beach was planned using beach nourishment. In this study, the effect of beach nourishment using relatively coarse materials such as the grain size of 1 mm was investigated using the BG model. Because three artificial reefs with a crown depth of 3 m have been constructed before the earthquake on this coast, beach changes due to these artificial reefs were taken into account.,

SEDIMENT- AND MORPHODYNAMICS OF SHOREFACE NOURISHMENTS ALONG THE NORTH-HOLLAND COAST

The Dutch coastal maintenance policy which was implemented in 1990 aims at fighting structural erosion by nourishing sand. Initially, the beaches were nourished. The lifetime of these beach nourishments turned out to be relatively short (~2 yrs), especially at identified erosion 'hotspots' along the North-Holland coast (e.g. Egmond aan Zee). Therefore, from 1999 on, an alternative approach was considered, in which beach nourishments were combined with large nourishments on the shoreface (seaward of the outer breaker bar). In recent years, the evolution of individual shoreface nourishments was analyzed on a spatial scale of kilometres and a temporal scale of years, with a focus on their cross-shore development (e.g., Van Duin et al., 2004). In these studies, their alongshore interaction received little attention. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the evolution and lifetime of five large (~1-2 million m3) shoreface nourishments applied between 1999 and 2005 on a spatial scale that includes the larger part of the North-Holland coast (~40km). The analysis of bathymetrical data shows that all five shoreface nourishments evolved into new outer bars with deep troughs on their landward side, that temporarily interrupted the 'autonomous' cyclic offshore migration of breaker bars (e.g. Wijnberg, 1995). Alongshore, the nourishment placed at Camperduin in 2002 connected to the existing outer bar, while the nourishments placed at Egmond aan Zee and Bergen in 1999 and 2000 respectively, remained isolated. The 2004 Egmond and 2005 Bergen nourishments interconnected into a long bar. At Camperduin, the newly formed outer bar remained quite stable in the years after its placement. The bars resulting from the 1999 Egmond aan Zee and 2000 Bergen nourishments, however, almost fully disintegrated within five years, while the interconnected bar of the 2004 and 2005 nourishments is still largely intact after 5 years. The results suggest that the effectiveness of shoreface nourishments is influenced by their shore-parallel length and their ability to connect to surrounding (natural or nourishment) bars. The observed morphodynamic patterns suggest that the 'lost' sand is mainly redistributed to the breaker zone, and further transported alongshore.

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF BEACH NOURISHMENT ON WAVE OVERTOPPING IN SHALLOW FORESHORES

In this paper, the effect of beach nourishment on wave overtopping in shallow foreshores is investigated with the non-hydrostatic wave-flow model SWASH. Firstly, the applicability of SWASH to model wave overtopping is tested by comparing results with a physical model setup with different storm wall heights on top of an impermeable sea dike. The numerical results show good agreement with the physical model. After validation, sensitivity analysis of the effect of beach nourishment on wave overtopping is conducted by changing bottom configurations with the SWASH model. From the sensitivity analysis, it becomes clear that wave overtopping discharge in shallow foreshores is characterized by the bores generated in surf zone due to wave breaking. To reduce wave overtopping discharge in shallow foreshore, it is important to reduce the horizontal momentum of the bores.

Does beach nourishment have long-term effects on intertidal macroinvertebrate species abundance?

Coastal squeeze is the largest threat for sandy coastal areas. To mitigate seaward threats, erosion and sea level rise, sand nourishment is commonly applied. However, its long-term consequences for macroinvertebrate fauna, critical to most ecosystem services of sandy coasts, are still unknown. Seventeen sandy beaches – nourished and controls – were sampled along a chronosequence to investigate the abundance of four dominant macrofauna species and their relations with nourishment year and relevant coastal environmental variables. Dean's parameter and latitude significantly explained the abundance of the spionid polychaete Scolelepis squamata, Beach Index (BI), sand skewness, beach slope and latitude explained the abundance of the amphipod Haustorius arenarius and Relative Tide Range (RTR), recreation and sand sorting explained the abundance of Bathyporeia sarsi. For Eurydice pulchra, no environmental variable explained its abundance. For H. arenarius, E. pulchra and B. sarsi, there was no relation with nourishment year, indicating that recovery took place within a year after nourishment. Scolelepis squamata initially profited from the nourishment with “over-recolonisation”. This confirms its role as an opportunistic species, thereby altering the initial community structure on a beach after nourishment. We conclude that the responses of the four dominant invertebrates studied in the years following beach nourishment are species specific. This shows the importance of knowing the autecology of the sandy beach macroinvertebrate fauna in order to be able to mitigate the effects of beach nourishment and other environmental impacts.