Effectiveness Of New Design Research Articles

New Designs of Spectacle Lenses for the Control of Myopia Progression: A Scoping Review.

Myopia control with new designs of spectacle lenses is a flourishing area of research. The present work reviews the effectiveness of new designs (DIMSs, defocus-incorporated multiple segments; CARE, cylindrical annular refractive element; HALs/SALs, highly/slightly aspherical lenslets; DOT, diffusion optics technology) aiming at slowing myopia progression. A search through the PubMed database was conducted for articles published between 1 January 2003 and 28 February 2023. Publications were included if they documented baseline central refraction (SER) and/or axial length (AL) data, and the change in these parameters, in myopic children wearing new designs of spectacle lenses (treatment group) compared to myopic children using single-vision lenses, SVLs (control group). The selection process revealed nine suitable articles. Comparing the mean and standard error values of the treatment and control groups, the highest differences in the change in the SER and AL were -0.80 (1.23) D [95% CI: -1.053 to -0.547; p < 0.001] and 0.35 (0.05) mm [95% CI: 0.252 to 0.448; p < 0.001], respectively; the effect of treatment provided by a HAL design, compared to SVLs, led to a deceleration of 54.8% in the SER and 50.7% in the AL. However, the heterogeneity of the results prevents reaching strong conclusions about the effectiveness of these new designs.

Smooth operator: Aligning performance assessment methods with design and operating objectives

As the pace of innovation in process automation continues to accelerate, the challenges of operationalizing these advances are of increasing interest. Reducing loss incidents in the process industry requires increasingly knowledgeable operators to access multiple sources of current and historic data through industrial informatics. To evaluate the effectiveness of new designs and design features, clear criteria for performance and performance improvements must be developed. The situational design model was developed to assess and develop problem solving skills, the higher cognitive processes necessary for high performing operators to employ in abnormal situations. The situational design model recognizes learner readiness and the disambiguation of “recurrent’ and “non-recurrent” skills. In this paper, the situational design model is demonstrated in a workplace-analogous study to evaluate the effectiveness of Distributed Control System interface adaptation. This type of structured assessment can be used to tie design features more directly to the specific skills of interest and improve the value propositions for new features and designs. The demonstration in this study shows the possibilities for structured assessment and suggests next steps toward aligning business and operations objectives with design evaluation techniques.

Effect of New Design of the Laser Installation and Spraying Method on the Physical and Mechanical Properties the Inner Surface a Small Diameter Coated with 15Cr17Ni12V3F35ZrO2

A unique controlled laser head with an adaptive module was developed to stabilize the trajectory of movement. The scientific and practical problem of developing a technology for restoring the inner surface of a small diameter up to ∅44 mm was solved by the introduction of a laser head. Adhesion was achieved by moving the laser along the vectors, forming a regular pyramid with opening angles at the top. High physical and mechanical properties of the restored pump surface were achieved by the laser technology when spraying powder composition 15Cr17Ni12V3F35ZrO2. The optimal values of the microhardness of the coating of 5000 MPa were achieved due to the optimal transition melting zone of 0.8 ÷ 1.45 mm; the laser radiation power density of 3 × 105 W/cm2; and the diameter of the focus spot of the laser beam of up to 1.3 mm. High corrosion resistance and tribology were achieved by an optimally matched distance of 10 ÷ 15 mm and a surfacing speed of 15 mm/s. Homogeneous spheroidized particles of the material were observed in the martensitic phase of the structure. The stable compression stresses in the phase structure during the laser deposition of zirconium dioxide were fixed at the level of 1.0 ÷ 1.5 N/m2, and the compression stresses were at the level of 0.2 ÷ 0.4 N/m2. A multifactorial experiment established the dependence of the coating hardness on the distance to the focal plane and the energy characteristics of the laser source, providing optimal laser parameters (area, pulse power, and duration).

Effect of new design of elongated jet hole on thermal efficiency of solar air heater

Effect of new design of elongated jet hole on the thermal efficiency (ηth) of a solar air heater (SAH) has been numerically studied in this paper. Jet impingement technique, which is one of the important active techniques, has been implemented on the absorber plate of the SAH surface to increase the convective heat transfer performance. Several designs of elongated jet hole (EJH) technique (gradually increasing, gradually decreasing along the crossflow direction, and equally extended), which is highly effective application to get rid of cross-flow, has been inserted to the jet plate. The main interest of this paper is to investigate the effect of different EJH configurations on convective heat transfer performance and ηth of the SAH. 15 × 7 array of jets have been mounted on the confinement plate. Results have been compared with the conventional SAH, which has the jet impingement Case1. Numerical computations have been conducted using RNG k-ε turbulence model. Average Nusselt number (Nu) on the absorber plate surface, ηth of the SAH, and performance evaluation criteria (PEC) have been quantitatively investigated comprehensively. As a result of calculations, the Nu and ηth of SAH can be enhanced by 31.80 % and 2.46 %, respectively, using Case4 instead of Case1 at Re = 25000. Besides, the pressure drop of SAH dramatically rises by 10.26 %, when Case4 and Case1 compared with each other at Re = 25000. Despite increment in pressure drop, the PEC value achieves to 1.28. Finally, it is concluded that the equally extended EJH presents well performance compared to gradually increasing and decreasing EJH.

Chemical potential variation effect of new design of graphene antenna for satellite applications

PurposeThe present work aims to analyze the performance of a newly designed graphene-based patch antenna by varying the chemical potential in graphene sheet, using the CST Microwave Studio ® software. This study mainly seeks to discuss and assess the advantage of using graphene, instead of copper, as the radiating patch. It should be noted that graphene is a new material that possesses unique properties. Its parameters are optimized for the purpose of introducing it in satellite technology.Design/methodology/approachThe use of graphene as a radiating patch of space technology applications, where a polygonal graphene patch antenna element is designed by the CST Microwave Studio ® software with Taconic RF-41 substrate to resonate in the satellite bands.FindingsAnalysis of a graphene patch sheet by a variation in the chemical potential to ensure operation in a space environment.Originality/valueThe increase in the chemical potential for a graphene patch antenna has shown a prominent increase in the values of the gain. A new contribution, by the combination of the antenna performance improvement techniques and the use of graphene as a radiating patch of space technology applications.

Increasing of Energy Efficiency of Spindles with Fluid Bearings

Abstract Promising ways of energy efficiency gain of spindles with fluid flow bearings are offered. New design of journal hybrid flow bearing which contains spherical bearing pockets and adjustable valves with relay control system is offered to improve energy efficiency of spindle units of machine tools. To reduce power losses of fluid bearings at high speed special lubrication based on water with integrated system of corrosion protection is offered. Results of theoretical research of energy consumption of grinding machine tool with a new design of spindle hybrid bearings are presented. Power losses of the spindle unit with both new design and base design of journal bearings are assessed. Effectiveness of new design of spindle hybrid bearings at high operating speeds is shown.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE INDICATORS OF TRACTIVE VEHICLES

Purpose. The research paper involves solving of the following tasks: 1) refinement of the mathematical model for determining the traction and dynamic, fuel and economic, environmental indicators of mobile energy facilities; 2) methodology development of theoretical studies of automatic control systems, static and dynamic characteristics automotive-tractor diesel with a gas turbine supercharger and a mobile power facility. Methodology. The work studies the working processes of vehicles and machine-tractor aggregates by mathematical simulation and the development of algorithms and programs for the calculation of these processes in actual operational conditions. The system of equations has been developed for theoretical research. It describes a nonlinear mathematical model of the automatic control system of an automotive-tractor diesel rotating frequency. In addition to the differential equations of the first and second order, equations are used in mathematical simulation of working processes of traction vehicles. These equations describe experimental characteristics of an automatic regulator, a high-pressure fuel pump, a turbocharger and an engine, as well as moments of engine mechanical losses and an external load. Findings. The developed mathematical model allows determining the effectiveness of new design, operational and technological developments, as well as various measures in order to improve the fuel-economic and environmental performances of vehicles and machine-tractor aggregates in operating conditions. Originality. For the first time, the mathematical model "Tractor driver – machine-tractor aggregate – road (field)" was developed. It allows conducting research of transport tractor aggregates by driving cycles, taking into account the processes of starting and speeding up the mobile-power sources with gear shift. Practical value. In conditions of a protracted economic crisis, in the absence of the necessary equipment, instruments, combustible and lubrication materials, comparative research of mobile power sources can be carried out thanks to the developed mathematical models with corresponding algorithms and programs that are brought to practical use. For these computer programs State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine issued Certificates on registration of copyright No. 49285, No. 49286, No. 49287 of May 22, 2013.

Research on Geostatic Stress and Optimization of Bolt Support for Tilted Strata Roadway

In order to tunnel safely, efficiently and economically, we carried out the study on geostatic stress characters and optimizing bolting support parameters in 2# coalbed of Zijin Colliery. Based on the surveys of geological conditions, original rock stress, broken rock zone measurement and analysis of roadway deformation, characters and mechanism of roadway failure is figured out. According to existent problems, normal support theories were used and a variety of numerical computations were carried out by FLAC3D.New support methods of bolt installed vertically in tilted roof and strengthen support of sidewalls and corners of roadway were figured out. Monitoring of convergence meters and roof separation were followed to know effects of new design timely. The research was carried out for 600 meters The monitoring results proved that the optimized support design was viable and the new bolting parameters were reasonable.

Metal self-expandable covered temporary urethral stent Allium in patients with irreversibile uroobstruction: Ten-year experience

Aim of this study is to judge effectiveness of new design, temporary, cover, metal selective urethral Allium stents in lower urinary tract symptoms treatment concerning all peri and post procedural complications. Material and methods: We observed group of 40 patients with longstanding history of lower urinary tract symptom, in which outflow obstruction was localized in bulbar urethra in 24 pts and in prostatic urethra in 13 pts. Residual voiding volume and prostate volume measurements by ultrasonography, urethrocystography, urine culture and uroflowmetry (bulbar urethra stricture PTS) were done before stent insertion. Procedure was done in all cases but one in ambulatory conditions, under local anesthesia with oral antibiotics administration day before and 5 days after. Objective and subjective parameters of stent effectiveness were estimated and statistically revealed. Results: Majority of pts (32/40) were satisfied with all the aspects of the procedure and with quality of life while urethra was stented. Urinary infection did not happen in any case, encrustation of the migrated stent occurred in 2 cases (6,4%). Emptying of the bladder was adequate while wearing either prostatic or bulbar urethra stent. Residual volume was significantly smaller, urinary flow significantly higher. In pts with bulbar urethra stricture urinary flow and morphology of patent urethra lumen, 6 months after stent extraction suggested prolonged-permanent recanalisation results. Conclusion: Site specific, metal Allium urethral stents enable adequate emptying of the urinary bladder with minimal and transient patient discomfort. Stent insertion and explantation are simple procedures to perform, when correctly indicated without significant early and late complications.

Design of Ski Boots for Alpine Ski Racing Based on Leg Frame of the Skier

A ski boot is important to make progress in ski turning technique as an interface between a skier and a ski. Especially in alpine ski races, suitability of design of the boots for racers becomes more important to achieve accurate and quick lean of the leg in ski turns. This study is aimed at building a new design concept of a ski boot that can improve the results of alpine ski races. In this paper, new design of an upper shell of a ski boot that was adjusted to the features of the frame of alpine ski racers was experimentally examined. As a result, it was demonstrated that a front and a rear part of the upper shell of a ski boot should be separately adjusted to the length of a shank of each player for well-balanced quick lean of the leg in the ski turn. Finally, the effect of new design of an upper shell was examined in giant slalom and slalom tests by Japanese alpine ski racers of the first rank. Consequently, the results showed that lean angle during turns was increased and finish time was shortened when the skiers wore the newly designed boots.

Models and Metrics to Enable Energy-Efficiency Optimizations

Power consumption and energy efficiency are important factors in the initial design and day-to-day management of computer systems. Researchers and system designers need benchmarks that characterize energy efficiency to evaluate systems and identify promising new technologies. To predict the effects of new designs and configurations, they also need accurate methods of modeling power consumption.

A charming little Cabernet

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the impact of brand personality on purchase intent and the influence of three design elements of wine labels on brand personality.Design/methodology/approachParticipants made brand personality judgments and rated their purchase intent for subsets of 90 experimental wine labels, which varied along the dimensions of color, illustration, and design layout.FindingsBrand personality explained nearly half of the variance in purchase intent, with the facets successful, charming, spirited, and up‐to‐date being most strongly correlated with purchase intent. Of the three dimensions of visual design studied, the illustration used on the label had the greatest impact on both purchase intent and perceptions of brand personality.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used a proxy to measure purchase intent and studied only a subset of brand personality facets, limiting the generality of findings.Practical implicationsThis research offers brand managers a potential means of evaluating prospective designs in terms of their likely impact on purchase intent and consumer perceptions of brand personality, and suggests general guidelines for the design of product line extensions from a successful label design.Originality/valueThis research helps brand managers and packaging designers to leverage brand personality research and evaluate the effectiveness of new designs.

Control requirements for the design of production system architectures

Programs in the artificial intelligence domain impose unusual requirements on control structures. Production systems are a control structure with promising attributes for building, generally intelligent systems with large knowledge bases. This paper presents examples to illustrate the unusual position taken by production systems on a number of control and pattern-matching issues. Examples are chosen to illustrate certain powerful features and to provide critical tests which might be used to evaluate the effectiveness of new designs.

Control requirements for the design of production system architectures

Programs in the artificial intelligence domain impose unusual requirements on control structures. Production systems are a control structure with promising attributes for building, generally intelligent systems with large knowledge bases. This paper presents examples to illustrate the unusual position taken by production systems on a number of control and pattern-matching issues. Examples are chosen to illustrate certain powerful features and to provide critical tests which might be used to evaluate the effectiveness of new designs.

Mechanical Aids to Permanent Way Engineering

The paper describes equipment which is used to assist in the maintenance of the permanent way and deals particularly with changing methods and the effects of new designs of track components. Powered plant is employed on all sections of this work on British Railways. In depots and for day-to-day maintenance on the line small machines such as rail saws, nut runners, mechanical hoes, hedge trimmers and welding machines are used. The cleaning of ballast is done by special machines and pockets of deep clay are removed by excavators. Track is renewed in pre-assembled lengths by purpose-designed track-laying machines, and rails are welded into continuous lengths. The ballast is consolidated and levelled by powered tampers with levelling equipment and track-recording trolleys are used to pin-point any unevenness which would prevent smooth running. The limitations imposed on plant design are stressed, since equipment must be within the loading gauge—an onerous condition in Britain—and must cause as little interruption as possible to traffic. Consequently plant must travel rapidly and be quickly set up and disengaged. Plant must have a high speed of operation, and also be extremely reliable.