Effects Of Music Intervention Research Articles

The Effect of Music Intervention in Relation to Gender During Coronary Angiographic Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Several studies have evaluated music interventions prior and after coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but there is no clear evidence showing that music has an effect on patients during these procedures. The purpose was to investigate the effects of music on anxiety, angina, pain, relaxation, and comfort in patients during angiographic procedures and to evaluate gender differences. The study was a four-armed, prospective randomized controlled trial included 240 patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or PCI. Patients were allocated to receive relaxing music, MusiCure or standard care during the procedure. Outcome measures were; puncture pain and the discomfort related to it, angina and the discomfort related to it, anxiety, experience of the sound environment, discomfort of lying still, and the doses of anxiolytics and analgesics during the procedure. No differences were found between the music and control groups regarding any of the trial endpoints or gender-related differences. The overall rating of the sound environment and feeling of relaxation was high. In conclusion, music intervention in patients undergoing angiographic procedures was highly feasible, but not effective in this study though the delivery of music went smoothly and did not disturb the examination and patients and staff alike looked favorably on it.

Effects of Music Therapy on Young Children's Challenging Behaviors: A Case Study

ABSTRACT: This case study examined the effectiveness of music therapy incorporating social stories for 3 young children with challenging behaviors within a special education setting. Two problem behaviors, hitting and screaming, and one alternative behavior, asking, were targeted for intervention. Music therapy was administered within a multiple baseline across participants design with target behaviors measured during 10 minute free play sessions immediately following therapy. Visual analyses revealed that music therapy decreased problem behaviors and increased alternative behaviors for Participants 1 and 2. For the Participant 3, who exhibited few challenging behaviors during baseline, music therapy had less therapeutic effect. Maintenance probes revealed that music therapy gains continued at least 3 weeks after intervention. Results support those of previous studies demonstrating the effectiveness of music therapy targeted at specific social, communicative, and behavioral skills. Future research should target the role of classroom staff in promoting the generality of music therapy across environments. An emerging research base supports the use of music therapy to address a variety of skills for students with cognitive, communicative, and behavioral deficits (Gold, Voracek, & Wigram, 2004; Whipple, 2004; Kaplan & Steele, 2005; Stephenson, 2006). For example, researchers have examined the effectiveness of music interventions to promote learning and recall of information (Buday, 1995; Wolfe & Horn, 1993), on-task behaviors (Colwell & Murlless, 2002; Jellison & Gainer, 1995; Standley & Hughes, 1996), and communication and social skills (Edgerton, 1994; Ma, Nagler, Lee, & Cabrera, 2001; Wimpory, Chadwick, & Nash, 1995). Music interventions have shown particular promise when applied to students with challenging behaviors, such as self-injury (Durand & Mapstone, 1998) and aggression (Rickson & Watkins, 2003). Children who display challenging behaviors are at-risk for negative academic and social outcomes. High rates of problem behaviors can lead to difficulties in reading, math, and language (Nelson, Benner, Lane, & Smith, 2004) and increase the likelihood of school failure (Kauffman, 2004). There is a need for targeted strategies to increase appropriate communication and social interaction, and to reduce challenging behaviors. A survey of the literature reveals support for the application of music therapy in each of these areas. In terms of communication, Edgerton (1994) found that Nordoff-Robbins Creative Music Therapy (Nordoff & Robbins, 1977) increased the communicative responses/acts of eleven 6- to 9-year-old children with autism as administered within a reversal design. Ma, Nagler, Lee, and Cabrera (2001) also found increases in communication and interaction abilities of 6 preschool-age children in an early intervention program following group music therapy targeted at communication skills. Researchers have also focused on the effects of music therapy in supporting prosocial interactions among children with disabilities and their typical peers. Specifically, Humpal (1991) examined the effects of an integrated early childhood music program on the interactions of 15 typical preschool students and 12 students with moderate mental impairment. Posttest scores and staff reports indicated that students with and without mental impairment interacted more following program implementation. Kern and Aldridge (2006) investigated the effect of a playground-installed Music Hut, which is an outdoor music center containing a variety of instruments, on increasing positive peer interaction and meaningful play of four 3- to 5-year-old boys with autism within a multiple baseline across participants design. Results showed that while the Music Hut by itself was not effective in increasing peer interactions and meaningful play, when teachers were trained to facilitate musical interactions between students, interactions increased significantly. …

The effect of music intervention in stress response to cardiac surgery in a randomized clinical trial

To evaluate the effect of bed rest with music on the first postoperative day to decrease stress for patients who have undergone heart surgery. A repeated-measures randomized controlled trial was used. The study took place in a cardiothoracic intermediary unit of a university hospital in Sweden. Fifty-eight patients who had undergone open coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement surgery were included. Stress response was assessed by determining the serum cortisol, heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen tension, arterial oxygen saturation, and subjective pain and anxiety levels. At 12:00 noon on postoperative day 1, patients were allocated to receive 30 minutes of uninterrupted bed rest with music and then 30 minutes of bed rest or alternatively 60 minutes of uninterrupted bed rest. The music was soft and relaxing, included different melodies in new-age style, played with a volume at 50 to 60 dB, and distributed through a music pillow connected to an MP3 player. After 30 minutes of bed rest, there was a significant difference in s-cortisol levels between the groups; 484. 4 mmol/L in the music group versus 618.8 mmol/L in the control group (P < .02). However, this difference in s-cortisol levels was not found 30 minutes later (ie, after a total of 60 minutes). There was no difference in heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen tension, arterial oxygen saturation, and subjective pain and anxiety levels between the groups. There is sufficient practical evidence of stress reduction to suggest that a proposed regimen of listening to music while resting in bed after open heart surgery be put into clinical use.

Effect of music intervention on patients after cardiac surgery

Effect of music intervention on patients after cardiac surgery

This issue of JAN

This issue of <i>JAN</i>

The effects of music interventions on anxiety in the patient after coronary artery bypass grafting

To examine the influence during the early postoperative period of selected nursing interventions on mood and anxiety of patients undergoing heart surgery. Prospective, repeated measures, quasiexperimental, random assignment. The cardiovascular intensive care and progressive care units of a midwestern community hospital were used as the setting for this study. Ninety-six patients who underwent elective, heart bypass surgery; the mean age of the subjects was 67 years, with an age range of 37 to 84 years. Most subjects were men (n = 65, 68%). Physiologic measures of anxiety and mood include blood pressure and heart rate. Additional measures included the use of Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and patient verbal ratings of both mood and anxiety with use of a numeric rating scale (NRS). Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) music therapy, (2) music-video therapy, or (3) scheduled rest group. Subjects in the groups received their assigned 30-minute intervention at two episodes on postoperative days 2 and 3. Subjects had physiologic measures of blood pressure and heart rate measured immediately before the intervention and at 10-minute intervals throughout the intervention. Mood and anxiety were evaluated by having subjects use a NRS (i.e., 0 to 10) to give rating of mood and anxiety immediately before and after each session. Anxiety was further measured with the STAI. A baseline measure of STAI was taken before surgery; patients also completed the "state" anxiety tool before the intervention session on postoperative day 2 and on completion of the session on postoperative day 3. With use of an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), subjects' mood ratings showed significant improvement in mood among subjects in the "music intervention" group after the second intervention when controlling for the preintervention rating of mood, F(2, 87) = 4.33, p = 0.016. However, no significant differences were reported for anxiety ratings as measured by the NRS and state anxiety instruments. With use of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), there were no significant interactions between the intervention groups and time for any of the physiologic variables. However, there were significant main effects over time for heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which indicated a generalized physiologic relaxation response. Although none of the three interventions was overwhelmingly superior, the overall response by all intervention groups demonstrated a generalized relaxation response. It is also important to note that there was reduced anxiety and improved mood within all three groups.