Effectiveness Of Module Research Articles

The Cleaning Effect of Photovoltaic Modules According to Precipitation in the Operation Stage of a Large-Scale Solar Power Plant

A large-scale solar power plant costs a lot of money in the early stage of development and is greatly affected by the natural environment. Therefore, efficient operation is very important. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cleaning effect of photovoltaic modules according to precipitation during the operation stage of a large-scale solar power plant. The first analysis compared ‘average power generation on sunny days under standard cloudiness from after precipitation to the next precipitation’ and ‘average daily power generation per quarter’ and confirmed that precipitation had an effect on increasing power generation by 26%. The second analysis compared ‘average power generation on sunny days under the standard cloudiness from after precipitation to the next precipitation’ and ‘average daily power generation on a clear day just before precipitation’. It was confirmed that the average power generation efficiency of the entire sample increased by 4.8% on average after precipitation than before precipitation. This study quantitatively analyzed the cleaning effect of photovoltaic modules by precipitation through actual power generation data of large-scale solar power plants. This study has sufficient value in establishing an operation manual for decision-making on the appropriate input cost for cleaning photovoltaic modules and improvement of power generation efficiency.

Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge Regarding Breast Cancer among Women

Women are blessed with a kind heart, a sea of love, and a bundle of affection. They are, undoubtedly, a symbol of love and a pillar of strength. They are always there, like a beacon in the night. A woman is not only beautiful, but, a woman is a companion to a man, family and society given by God Almighty. Yes, women are indeed God’s most beautiful creation. Every woman should know this, and should live up to it. Women should respect themselves. Today, sadly, things have changed. Many women have no sense of their health and their wellness. Cancer has become one of the ten leading causes of death in India. According to Indian Council of Medical Research there are nearly 1.5-2 million cancer cases at any given point of time. Over 7 lakh new cases of cancer and 3 lakh deaths occur annually due to cancer. Nearly 15 lakh patients require facilities for diagnosis, treatment and follow up at a given time.3 The incidence of breast cancer is rising in every country of the world especially in developing countries such as India. This is because more and more women in India are beginning to work outside their homes which allow the various risk factors of breast cancer to come into play. These include late age at first childbirth, fewer children and shorter duration of breast-feeding.4 Breast cancer has increased incidence of among women residing in metropolitan cities. Statistically, breast cancer is supposed to be more common among unmarried women; those who are married, but have not had children; and those who have had children, but did not breast feed their babies. It is also related with smoking, alcohol drinking and high fat intake to the causation of breast cancer and this probably explains its etiological relationship to a modern lifestyle and environment.5 Materials and Methods: Descriptive survey design is selected using convenient sampling and 60 working women were selected as sample. A structured questionnaire is used to assess the knowledge of the working women regarding breast cancer. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: Part –A to collect the demographic data, Part-B consisting of questions regarding the various aspects of knowledge about breast cancer. Results: Major findings of the study revealed that the majority of 50%women belonged to the age group of 41-50 yrs, 75% women are married 50% are graduate, majority (40%) of women had two children and 40 never breast fed majority of women (40%) had a family monthly income of Rs. 20001-30000, and had no history of breast cancer running in the family. The mean knowledge score was 5.7 (SD  2.47) and 22% of the study population had poor knowledge regarding breast cancer. Demographic variables like age, marital status educational status, duration of breast feeding and family history were associated with the level of knowledge. A self-instructional module was prepared for use as a teaching aid and found effective with‘t’ value 17.77 at p<0.01 level. Conclusion: After the detailed analysis of the study findings showed that the earlier studies done on the knowledge of women regarding breast cancer. There is lack of knowledge even in the educated women regarding breast cancer. It is the responsibility of all the nursing educators, administrators and policy makers to find out the barriers in the gain of knowledge and should try to remove them and to develop strategies which can make emphasis on prevention and early detection of diseases

MANet: Multi-branch attention auxiliary learning for lung nodule detection and segmentation

Background and objective: Pulmonary nodule detection and segmentation are currently two primary tasks in analyzing chest computed tomography (Chest CT) in order to detect signs of lung cancer, thereby providing early treatment measures to reduce mortality. Even though there are many proposed methods to reduce false positives for obtaining effective detection results, distinguishing between the pulmonary nodule and background region remains challenging because their biological characteristics are similar and varied in size. The purpose of our work is to propose a method for automatic nodule detection and segmentation in Chest CT by enhancing the feature information of pulmonary nodules.Methods: We propose a new UNet-based backbone with multi-branch attention auxiliary learning mechanism, which contains three novel modules, namely, Projection module, Fast Cascading Context module, and Boundary Enhancement module, to further enhance the nodule feature representation. Based on that, we build MANet, a lung nodule localization network that simultaneously detects and segments precise nodule positions. Furthermore, our MANet contains a Proposal Refinement step which refines initially generated proposals to effectively reduce false positives and thereby produce the segmentation quality.Results: Comprehensive experiments on the combination of two benchmarks LUNA16 and LIDC-IDRI show that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in the tasks of nodule detection and segmentation tasks in terms of FROC, IoU, and DSC metrics. Our method reports an average FROC score of 88.11% in lung nodule detection. For the lung nodule segmentation, the results reach an average IoU score of 71.29% and a DSC score of 82.74%. The ablation study also shows the effectiveness of the new modules which can be integrated into other UNet-based models.Conclusions: The experiments demonstrated our method with multi-branch attention auxiliary learning ability are a promising approach for detecting and segmenting the pulmonary nodule instances compared to the original UNet design.

On-Site Estimation of Thermal Resistance Degradation of Double-Sided Cooling (DSC) Power Modules Under Power Cycling Conditions

Double-sided cooling (DSC) power modules are increasingly used due to their superior cooling capability and low parasitic inductance. However, the DSC modules have multiple interconnections for heat dissipation, so it is challenging to accurately monitor the thermal resistance degradation of each interconnection under power cycling conditions. An estimation method considering the self-heating and thermal coupling effects of DSC power modules is proposed based on a traditional lumped RC thermal impedance network. The proposed method combining a recursive least squares algorithm with a thermal network model can well evaluate the thermal resistance of each interconnection and their variations on-site during power cycling tests. The lifetime of DSC power modules for power cycling tests could be overestimated if using the 20% increment in overall thermal resistance of DSC modules as a failure criterion.

Comparison of heating modules for suspension-type multipoint temperature variability management in smart greenhouses

Managing the temperature inside greenhouses is essential for optimum crop growth and the control of diseases and physiological disorders in plants. In large-sized greenhouses, the automatic operation of small-sized multipoint suspension-type heating modules can facilitate better site-specific temperature management by providing favorable uniformity. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficiency of candidate heating modules before the prototype fabrication of a small-sized heating module for smart greenhouses temperature management. Three different heating modules (i.e., finned tubular (FT), fin element positive temperature coefficient (PTCf), and honeycomb positive temperature coefficient (PTCh)) were tested inside a closed chamber (41 m3) and a small greenhouse (98 m3). A wireless sensor network (WSN) was established to monitor the inside environment, operate heating modules, and detect their operational status. In the closed chamber, the PTCf module exhibited a temperature rise rate 8.59% and 7.36% higher than those of the FT and PTCh modules, respectively, while maintaining a superior average temperature variability range of 1.43 – 5.16 (±0.55 – ±0.85) °C. The elapsed times for the three modules were 12.70%, 8.30%, and 10.85% longer than their calculated times, indicating the effectiveness of the heating modules in regulating the environment. During the tests in the small greenhouse, the PTCf module demonstrated a greater average temperature difference between the inside and outside, followed by the FT and PTCh modules. The respective average temperature variability levels inside the greenhouse were recorded as 5.80 – 10.15 (±1.30 – ±2.68) °C, 4.90 – 8.93 (±1.35 – ±2.36) °C, and 4.86 – 9.38 (±1.25 – ±2.35) °C for the three modules. The performance of the PTCf module was better compared to the other two during the experiments in terms of efficiency and maintaining uniformity. However, large-scale field tests with multiple heating modules are required to verify these experimental findings.

Effectiveness of In-Service Training Module on Intensive Care Nurses' Performance Regarding Mechanical Ventilator Patients' Skilful Handling

Effectiveness of In-Service Training Module on Intensive Care Nurses' Performance Regarding Mechanical Ventilator Patients' Skilful Handling

Effect of Instructional Module on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Women Undergoing Breast Cancer Screening Mammography

Effect of Instructional Module on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Women Undergoing Breast Cancer Screening Mammography

The Effectiveness of Using PQ4R Based Modules in Improving Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary Schools

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the PQ4R-based module to improve students’ critical thinking in elementary schools.This study uses a qualitative approach. This researchusing the One Group Pretest-Postest Design which is a form of the Pre-Experimental research method. This design uses one group. The population in the study were all students at SD Negeri Berundung. The sampling technique was using purposive sampling and the subjects of this study were students in class IV A at SD Negeri Berundung. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews and tests. The results of the paired sample t-test were (Sig 0.01 <0.05) which means that there is a difference in the average student learning outcomes between pretest and posttest. The amount of increase using n-gain is 0.513 in the moderate category. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that learning using PQ4R-based modules is effective for increasing students’ critical thinking.

Economic comparison of floating photovoltaic systems with tracking systems and active cooling in a Mediterranean water basin

Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) modules are installed on water surface to reduce land use. This original solution, potentially deployable on hydropower and aquaculture basins as well, can benefit of enhanced cooling due to the proximity to water. Thanks to this natural effect, FPV modules can work at higher operating efficiencies than ground-based (GPV) modules. However, because of the relatively young age, FPV still requires higher installation costs than GPV. This study investigates the economic competitiveness of GPV and FPV in terms of energy performance and total costs. Different PV system solutions are economically evaluated on the basis of three key figures, namely the capital costs (CAPEX), the operation and maintenance costs (OPEX) and the power generation costs (LCOE). An economic ranking is created based on the comparative analysis of these three key figures.The crucial point in the proposed economic model is that the revenues resulting from the reduced evaporations are considered as well. Every year, indeed, a significant volume of water can be preserved thanks to the shading effect of FPV modules. This water can be used for various purposes, increasing the overall revenues of the FPV system. In addition, the present LCOE calculations also take into account the performance enhancements that could be achieved through the installation of active cooling systems.In light of the expected economy of scale, a sensitivity analysis of the LCOE is carried out to account potential reductions in the capital cost of FPVs. This is done by analyzing the energy and economic performance of various FPV designs on a water basin in Southern Italy. The results demonstrate that, reducing the CAPEX of the FPV by 30 %, a nearly 20 % reduction in LCOE can be obtained compared to the reference GPV system.

A Study on the Hydrodynamics and Coupling Effects of the Multibody Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) Concept

Floating photovoltaics (FPVs) have been developed rapidly in the past few years and will gradually become the “third pillar” of the photovoltaic industry. To better understand the performance of FPV floaters, this paper provides an in-depth study on the hydrodynamics of a single FPV module and the coupling effects of multiple modules. The results show that a conventional frequency domain approach, which includes both panel and Morison models, may not necessarily provide realistic results. Even after adding an additional damping matrix for the floaters based on empirical values from the oil and gas (O&G) industry, and a free surface damping model between the pontoons, the responses were still not convincing. Therefore, a nonlinear time-domain hydrodynamic solver was introduced. Further studies and comparisons were performed to understand the behavior of the module, and some updated damping coefficients were summarized. Thereafter, a multibody hydrodynamic model was built to check the coupling effects. With the additional damping surface on the gap surface among the modules, some attempts were made to derive reasonable results, when the model test was not available. Preliminary studies of both a scaled-down system (with 9 modules and mooring lines) and a full-scale system (with 90 modules, buoys, and mooring systems) were also investigated, and some initial results were demonstrated.

Impact of Problem-Based Learning Electronics Module Integrated with STEM on Students' Critical Thinking Skills

One of the goals of learning physics is to help students develop their critical thinking skills. Preliminary studies conducted at SMAN 1 Pacitan show that the learning process is still teacher-centered with the lecture method and providing practice questions. Such a learning process causes the development of student's critical thinking skills to be less well-stimulated. Using e-modules in physics learning is expected to be a new solution to stimulate students' critical thinking skills. This research aims to determine the impact of Problem-Based learning physics electronic module integrated with STEM on students' critical thinking skills. The research method uses a quasi-experimental technique with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data analysis used the N-gain test to determine the increase in students' critical thinking skills and the t-test to determine the effect of problem-based learning electronic module integrated with STEM on students' critical thinking skills. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling strategy. The samples involved were 34 students of class XI MIPA Senior High School Pacitan. The test was conducted to collect data on students' critical thinking skills. Research data was collected using an essay test of critical thinking skills totaling twelve valid questions with a reliability coefficient 0.70. Before the N-gain test was carried out, the normality, homogeneity, and t-test were first carried out. In the normality test, the data is normally distributed. In the homogeneity test, the data is homogeneous. Based on the paired sample t-test, it shows that there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest critical thinking skills with a sig. (2-tailed) <0.05, which indicates that the problem-based learning electronic module integrated with STEM has a positive effect on students' critical thinking skills. By acquiring an N-Gain score of 0.76 in the high category, the PBL physics electronic module integrated with STEM on mechanical wave characteristics material can improve students' critical thinking skills.

Development of an Android-Based Mobile Learning Module to Improve the Students Critical Thinking Skills

Development of an Android-Based Mobile Learning Module to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Junior High School. This study's purpose to specify the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of an android-based mobile learning module on simple ventures and aircraft to repair critical thinking skills for middle school students. The development of an android-based mobile learning module on the material simple ventures and aircraft is based on requirements for exact teaching materials for 21st-century learning which identically leverage technology, information, and communication. The method utilized in this research is ADDIE model development design which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results indicated that (1) the percentage of validity of an Android-based mobile learning module was 91.83% obtained from an average of three validators, (2) the percentage of the practicality of an Android-based mobile learning module was 95.48%, (3) the effectiveness score of an Android-based mobile learning module is 0.63 which is acquired from the N-gain test and 95.91% from students response questionnaire so that it can be inferred that the Android-based mobile learning module is valid, practical and effective to repair critical thinking skill of junior high school students

The Effects of an E-learning Module on Medical Trainees Rotating on a Perioperative Medicine Clinical Service.

Dedicated perioperative care can be cost-effective and improve patient outcomes. Training future physicians to practice perioperative medicine is an important responsibility of medical educators. An e-learning module delivered asynchronously during clinical rotations in perioperative medicine may help to better satisfy this responsibility. Articulate software was used to create an interactive, 1-hour e-module based on six educational objectives. The e-module was offered as an elective self-directed learning experience to trainees on perioperative medicine clinical rotations, including third- and fourth-year medical students as well as residents from internal medicine, anesthesiology, neurology, and physical medicine and rehabilitation training programs. We assessed the effectiveness of this learning strategy as a complement to real-time clinical experiences by measuring the knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction of trainees before and after completion of the e-module. Of 113 trainees invited to participate, 75 completed the module and were included in our analysis. Knowledge scores improved for student (p < .001), intern (p < .001), and resident (p < .001) subgroups. Confidence ratings also improved for student (p < .001), intern (p < .001), and resident (p < .001) subgroups. Trainees reported high satisfaction with the e-module, and 60 (87%) reported that it would alter their practice. An e-module presenting evidence-based, interactive education to trainees during clinical rotations in perioperative medicine was an effective learning strategy. Sharing e-learning tools across institutions may help to deliver standardized education on core clinical topics, including perioperative medicine.

Neurodynamic Techniques in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition that affects the main nerves in the wrist area that causes numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm. CTS affects 5% of the general population and results in pain in the wrist due to repetitive use, most commonly affecting women and office workers. Conservative management of CTS includes neurodynamic modulation to promote median nerve gliding during upper limb movements to maintain normal function. However, evidence for the benefits of neurodynamic modulation found disparities, and hence, the effectiveness of neurodynamic modulation remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically review the current evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to establish the effectiveness of neurodynamic techniques as a non-surgical treatment option for CTS. Using the PRISMA guidelines, two authors searched four electronic databases, and studies were included if they conformed to pre-established eligibility criteria. Primary outcome measures included outcomes from the Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire, while secondary outcomes included nerve conduction velocity, pain, and grip strength. Quality assessment was completed using the Cochrane RoB2 form, and a meta-analysis was performed to assess heterogeneity. Twelve RCTs met our inclusion/exclusion criteria with assessments on 1003 participants in the treatment and control arms. High heterogeneity and some risks of bias were observed between studies, but the results of the meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in our primary outcome, the Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire-symptom severity scale (mean difference = -1.20, 95% CI [-1.72, -0.67], p < 0.00001) and the Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire-functional severity scale (mean difference = -1.06, 95% CI [-1.53, -0.60], p < 0.00001). Secondary outcomes such as sensory and motor conduction velocity increased significantly, while motor latency was significantly reduced, all positively favoring neurodynamic techniques. Pain was also significantly reduced, but grip strength was not significantly different. Our systematic review demonstrates significant benefits of neurodynamic modulation techniques to treat CTS and specifically that it reduces symptom severity, pain, and motor latency, while at the same time improving nerve conduction velocities. Hence, our study demonstrates a clear benefit of neurodynamic techniques to improve recovery CTS.

Efforts to Determine Career Choices for Vocational Students with the Career Information Service Module

Many students who are confused about choosing a career after completing their vocational education level are influenced by the lack of career information counselors provide. This research aims to develop and test the practicality of a career information service module for determining career choices for SMK students. This research belongs to the type of development research that was developed using the ADDIE model. The ADDIE development model comprises five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects involved in this study were three experts in the field of counseling guidance, two guidance counseling teachers, and 30 students. Data collection in the study was carried out using observation and questionnaire methods, with research instruments in the form of questionnaire product validity sheets about career selection. The data obtained in the study were then analyzed using product validity analysis techniques using the CVR method, followed by calculating the CVI. The product acceptance test was analyzed using PAIT analysis. To determine the module's effectiveness, the data were analyzed by t-test with the help of SPSS Windows 20. The results obtained in the study showed that the sig score was 0.677. This probability score is smaller than the 0.05 significance level. These results indicate that the career information service module effectively determines career choices for SMK students.

Simulation of the temperature distribution of lithium-ion battery module considering the time-delay effect of the porous electrodes

The porous electrodes have the fractal characteristics of self-similarity and discontinuity at the microscopic scale, which is an important physical condition in the fractional-order system. During the charging and discharging, the multiple heat transfer modes occur simultaneously on the porous electrodes. Due to the different heat transfer rates of various modes, the thermodynamics of batteries is essentially a discontinuous time-delay system, which cannot be ignored. A fractional-order heat transfer model (FOHTM) is proposed to analyze the time-delay effect of the lithium-ion battery module. The fractional derivative order (FDO) of the proposed model is identified. The temperature distribution of the tested battery module is simulated and the cooling system is optimized. The results indicate that the simulation accuracy of FOHTM is higher than that of the classical integer-order heat transfer model (IOHTM). The maximum error of transient temperature of FOHTM under various operating conditions is less than 1.1%. The FOHTM can approach the true temperature faster through updating the historical weighted terms. The FOHTM is a statistical analysis of non-standard thermal diffusion behavior under the action of multiple heat transfer modes, as a result of which, it is more suitable for the modeling of battery thermodynamics.

Promoting Outcomes-Based Instructional Materials: Testing the Effectiveness of Print Modules for Business Students

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Education delivers systematic instruction so effective learning acquisition may take place. It molds students into holistic well-being to contribute to various industries; hence, relevant competencies are developed. Strengthening education significantly encompasses the production of formfitting and distinct instructional materials to invite a sequential way of presenting quality instruction. This research is focused on knowing the effectiveness of the modules developed in Human Resource Management for Filipino business students. Specifically, it is developmental research and utilizes a pretest and post-test control group design. Numerical data were supported by phenomenological interviews, strengthening the study's results. It involved 80 college students classified as the experimental and control group. Moreover, the interview includes 10 participants. Findings reveal that utilizing the modules realized the increase in performance of the experimental group due to their exposure to the materials. However, one of the pitfalls has been revealed in utilizing self-directed learning material; thus, academic performance will only improve if students are organized to set their own goals and learning pace. Using outcomes-based instructional materials leads to substantiating learning, effectively enticing learners' interest. It maximizes students' motivation and participation since topics are well-planned and designed comprehensively. The materials are an essential tool in inviting the enthusiasm of business students to engage in learning. These are valuable means to encourage independent learning without sacrificing the competencies to be learned and applied by the learners.&lt;/p&gt;

Pengembangan Modul Sirah Rasul Ulul ‘Azmi Untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Religius Siswa

This article aims to find out how the development of the Apostle Ulul 'Azmi sirah module in improving the religious attitude of students at SMA An-Nadwa Binjai. This study uses a 4-D model; namely definition, design, development, and deployment. Sampling used a random sampling technique with class XI A as the control class and class XI as the experimental class with a total of 35 students. The results of this study state that the feasibility of the Sirah Rasulullah Ulul 'Azmi module is feasible to use through 3 expert validation tests, the feasibility of the module is seen from 3 components namely material experts, language and design. The validation results of the three validators are: the average score of the content component is 77.27, the linguistic component is 83.65, and the presentation component is 81.73. These three scores indicate a good/proper category, which means that the Sirah Rasulullah Ulul 'Azmi module can be used with a little revision. As for the effectiveness of the Sirah Rasul Ulul 'Azmi module in increasing students' religious attitudes when seen from the test results between the control class and the experimental class, with the control class's average score of 69.71, while the experimental class's average score was 75.52. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the Sirah Rasulullah Ulul 'Azmi module is effective in increasing religious attitudes in class XI SMA An-Nadwa in PAI learning.

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Emergency Management of Epilepsy in Primary School Children among Selected Primary School Teachers in Hubballi

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Emergency Management of Epilepsy in Primary School Children among Selected Primary School Teachers in Hubballi

Effects of organic photovoltaic modules installed inside greenhouses on microclimate and plants

Effects of organic photovoltaic modules installed inside greenhouses on microclimate and plants