Effect Of Mineral Composition Research Articles

Indicative significance of the interfacial interactions between pore surface and soluble organic matter on the shale oil mobility

The exploration and exploitation of shale oil resources enhance the necessity to characterize the mobility of the occluded oil in shales. Up to now, the understanding of the controlling factors of shale oil mobility has mainly come from molecular dynamics simulation but lacking in-depth research on actual shales. Therefore, in this study, the effects of mineral composition, soluble organic matter (SOM) composition and wettability on the shale oil mobility were studied by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, mercury intrusion, contact angle, chloroform bitumen and group component detection methods, comprehensively. The results show that: (1) The asphaltene contents and (Asphaltenes × Aromatics)/(Saturates × Resins) negatively and positively correlate with clay and carbonate mineral contents, respectively, while the I/S and illite contents present opposite trend with (Asphaltenes × Aromatics)/(Saturates × Resins). These correlations indicate that the SOM that confined in the pores constructed with carbonate minerals and illite present better flow potential. (2) Both δVt and δSSA negatively correlate with asphaltenes and (Asphaltenes × Aromatics)/(Saturates × Resins). That is, less pores and surfaces can be released by extraction for the shales with more asphaltenes. Therefore, it can be concluded that asphaltene is a negative factor for shale oil seepage. Additionally, the larger pores present better flow condition for shale oil, even for asphaltenes. (3) Pore surface wettability also significantly affects the shale oil mobility. The hydrophobicity of the pore wall greatly inhibits the shale oil flow, especially for the mesopores and macropores. The pattern diagram was established to illustrate the effect of the interactions between pore surfaces and shale oil components on the movable potential. Based on our research, mineral composition, group composition and pore surface wettability are efficient parameters for the shale oil mobility evaluation based on the interfacial interaction theory, and the “sweet spots” for shale oil seepage of the Jiyang Depression are the shales with more illite, carbonate, saturates and relatively low lipophilicity.

Effect of Mineral Composition and Particle Size on the Failure Characteristics and Mechanisms of Marble in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory.

In deep underground engineering, the deformation, failure characteristics, and mechanism of surrounding rock under the influence of grain sizes and mineral compositions are not clear. Based on CJPL-II variously colored marbles, the differences in grain size and mineral composition of the marble were analyzed by thin-section analysis and XRD tests, and the effect of intermediate principal stress on the mechanical properties of marble was investigated. Both SEM and microfracture analysis were coupled to reveal the failure mechanisms. The results highlight that the crack initiation strength, damage strength, peak strength, and elasticity modulus of Jinping marble exhibit an increasing trend with an increase in intermediate principal stress, while the peak strain initially increases and subsequently decreases. Moreover, this study established negative correlations between marble strength, brittleness characteristics, and fracture angle with grain size, whereas positive correlations were identified with the content of quartz, sodium feldspar, and the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress. The microcrack density in marble was found to increase with larger grain sizes and decrease with elevated quartz and sodium feldspar content, as well as with increasing intermediate principal stress. Notably, as the intermediate principal stress intensifies and grain size diminishes, the transgranular tensile failure of marble becomes more conspicuous. These research findings contribute to the effective implementation of disaster prevention and control strategies.

The Effect of Mineral Composition and Quantity of Fines on the Atterberg Limits and Compaction Characteristics of Soils

The Effect of Mineral Composition and Quantity of Fines on the Atterberg Limits and Compaction Characteristics of Soils

Pore system and methane adsorption capacity features of marine and marine-continental transitional shale in the Sichuan Basin, SW China

Recently, significant achievements have been made in the gas exploration of marine Longmaxi shale in China. As exploration efforts have advanced, the exploration targets have gradually expanded to other sedimentary systems (marine-continental transitional and lacustrine). Compared with marine shale, shale in other sedimentary systems shows stronger heterogeneity, rendering previous exploration experiences of marine shale ineffective in guiding exploration efforts. Therefore, there is a pressing need for comparative studies to support future exploration practices. In this paper, the marine Longmaxi Formation and the marine-continental transitional Longtan Formation shales in the Lintanchang area of the southeastern of the Sichuan Basin are selected as the research objects. The study aims to compare the mineralogical characteristics, pore systems, and methane adsorption capacities of these two sets of shales, thereby revealing the differences in controlling factors that affect their physical properties and methane adsorption capacities. Our results show that the Longtan shale exhibits a higher clay mineral content, while the Longmaxi shale demonstrates significantly higher siliceous mineral content. Compare with Longmaxi shale, the Longtan shale exhibits a wider distribution range and higher average value of TOC content. The pore system in the Longmaxi shale is primarily dominated by organic matter-related pores, whereas the Longtan shale is characterized by clay mineral-related pores as the primary pore type. Given the variance in sedimentary environments, the controlling factors of physical properties differ significantly between the two sets of shales. In the case of the Longmaxi shale, TOC content is the most influential factor governing physical properties, while clay mineral content exerts the most significant influence on physical properties in the Longtan shale. Furthermore, TOC content emerges as the primary factor affecting methane adsorption capacity in both the Longmaxi and Longtan shales, despite the presence of significant variations in their pore systems. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms through which TOC content impacts methane adsorption capacity exhibit variations between the two distinct shale types under investigation. The difference in sedimentary environment leads to various effects of mineral composition on methane adsorption capacity. Therefore, in the future research, the influences of different factors on methane adsorption capacity should be studied in combination with the sedimentary background.

The Different Roles of Mineralogy in Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation in Northern and Southern China

The sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) through mineral protection is an important approach to mitigating climate change. However, the effect of mineral composition on SOC stability is unclear at regional scales. In this study, we investigated the relationship between mineralogy and SOC in Alfisol and Mollisol from southern and northern regions of China. We analyzed soil at two layers for its SOC fractions, mineralogical characteristics and functional groups. It was found that the majority of SOC was stored as mineral-associated organic C (MAOC), which had higher δ13C values and narrower C/N ratios compared to particulate organic C. In Mollisol, the proportion of MAOC and the abundance of aromatic C were higher than that in Alfisol, while polysaccharide C was lower. Compared to Alfisol, Mollisol was dominated by illite, and had significantly (p < 0.05) lower iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) sesquioxides contents. The SOC content was positively correlated with illite in Mollisol, and with Fe and Al sesquioxides in Alfisol. The random forest model identified sesquioxides as the most important determinant of SOC accumulation (36%), followed by SOC fractions (18%) and functional groups (18%). In summary, our study suggests that SOC protection through mineralogy depends more on the composition of the host minerals, and not just on the clay content, and aromatic C is also important in the stabilization of SOC.

Effects of Mineral Composition and Lamina on Mechanical Properties and Fractures of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Shale in the Luzhou Area of the Southern Sichuan Basin

Effects of Mineral Composition and Lamina on Mechanical Properties and Fractures of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Shale in the Luzhou Area of the Southern Sichuan Basin

Effect of mineral compositions on mechanical properties of granite residual soil

Mineral composition has an important effect on the mechanical properties of granite residual soil under the influence of hot and humid climate. In this paper, different minerals including red clay, kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite powder were used to reconstruct the soil samples. A series of mechanical experiments including compressive, shear, tensile and disintegration tests were carried out to study the influence of different minerals on the mechanical strength of soil. And the influencing mechanism was revealed from macro-, meso- and micro-perspectives. The results show that the influence of the four minerals on tensile strength is kaolinite > illite > montmorillonite > red clay. From the meso-perspective, the disperse soil particles will become tight and occlusive after improvement with the mineral. And the particles will be surrounded by the minerals and form a bridge connection between the soil particles. If the cementing capacity of the sample is stronger, the ability to withstand the external force is more positive. From the microscopic perspective, the mechanical improvement of soil with mineral is not only to reduce the porosity of sample mass, but also to form more particle aggregates with higher strength, and the particle aggregates should be connected by skeleton structures. With the strengthened structure formed by mineral, the soil has certain properties of compressive, shear, tensile and disintegration resistance. The finding can provide some engineering guidance for the granite residual soil areas.

Evaluation of Lacustrine Shale Brittleness and Its Controlling Factors: A Case Study from the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, Sichuan Basin

To investigate the brittleness of shale and its influencing factors, triaxial rock mechanics experiments, combined with X-ray diffraction, total organic carbon (TOC) measurement, rock pyrolysis, and scanning electron microscopy, were conducted on shales from the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in the Sichuan Basin. BI1, based on the elastic modulus and hardness, BI2, based on mineral composition, BI3, based on strength parameters, and BI4, based on the post-peak energy of shale, were calculated. Additionally, the effects of mineral composition, density, hardness, and organic matter on the brittleness of shales were analyzed. The results show that the shale mineral compositions were dominated by quartz (mean of 45.21%) and clay minerals (mean of 45.04%), with low carbonate mineral contents and high TOC contents. The stress–strain curve showed strong brittleness characteristics. When comparing different evaluation methods, the brittleness evaluation method based on the stress–strain curve (damage energy) was found to be more effective than the mineral fraction and strength parameter methods. The higher the density and hardness, the more brittle the shale. The higher the organic matter and quartz content, the less brittle the shale. The brittleness of sub-member I of the Lianggaosan Formation in Well XQ1 was higher than that of sub-members II and III. This study investigated the brittleness of lacustrine shale and its influencing factors, which is beneficial for the development of shale oil in the Sichuan Basin.

The effect of mineral composition on soil organic matter turnover in temperate forest soils

PurposeThe aim of this work was to determine the characteristics of SOM decomposition under forest vegetation and to investigate the influence of soil mineralogy on SOM turnover.MethodsThirteen Hungarian forest topsoil samples amended with maize residues were incubated at 20 °C for 163 days. The CO2 evolved was measured and the fast and slow decomposition rate constants (k1 and k2, respectively) of SOM were quantified using a first-order two pools model. Linear regression analysis was applied between the quantity of total mineralized carbon (TMC), k1 and k2 values and the mineralogical parameters of the soils.ResultsThe illite (R2 = 0.797, p < 0.001) and non-swelling clay mineral (R2 = 0.767, p < 0.001) content and the dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate-extractable Al (AlDCB, R2 = 0.708, p < 0.001) and ammonium-oxalate-extractable Al concentration (AlOX, R2 = 0.627, p < 0.01) reduced the TMC to the greatest extent. The AlDCB (R2 = 0.681, p < 0.001), AlOX (R2 = 0.583, p < 0.01) and illite (R2 = 0.545, p < 0.01) contents had strong negative relationship with the k1 value. The k2 value was only affected by the non-swelling clay mineral (R2 = 0.467, p < 0.05) and illite (R2 = 0.574, p < 0.01) contents.ConclusionThese results confirm that the mineral composition of the soil, including the Al oxide, non-swelling clay mineral and illite contents, may significantly inhibit the decomposition of SOM, showing that illite minerals may provide binding surfaces for SOM over a longer timescale.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Mineral Composition on Shrinkage Fractures: Implications for the Origin of the Diagenetic Shrinkage Fractures in Marine–Continental Transitional Shales

Natural fractures in shale have been commonly recognized as a vital factor in shale gas production. Diagenetic shrinkage fracture is an important type of natural fracture; however, its formation mechanism and prediction remain largely unexplored. Given the similarity between diagenetic shrinkage fractures and desiccation cracks, the influence of smectite, kaolin, quartz, and feldspar on shrinkage fractures were investigated using the physical simulation experiment of desiccation in this study. Here, water evaporation, surface cracks initiation and propagation processes were monitored during the whole desiccation. The morphological characteristics of cracks patterns were quantitatively described. Diagenetic shrinkage fractures of transitional shale with different minerals were observed using SEM. The results show that the development and morphology of cracks are affected by the mineral composition, and the sediments with higher clay content tend to form more complex fracture networks. We further propose a morphological prediction model for cracks and compare this model with diagenetic shrinkage fractures under SEM. We found that the effects of mineral composition on both were similar, with more well-developed diagenetic shrinkage fractures in those clay-rich samples. Taken together, this study implies the feasibility of using physical simulation experiment of desiccation cracks to invert diagenetic shrinkage fractures and provides new insights into the mechanism and development regularity of diagenetic shrinkage fractures.

Analysis of the Mineral Compositions of Lateritic Clay in Guangxi and their Influence

In order to study the effect of mineral composition on the physical properties of lateritic clays, the mineral compositions of four kinds of lateritic clay from Guangxi province in China were quantitatively analyzed by means of DTA, XRD, SEM, XRF and total chemical element analysis. On this basis, the variation law of macroscopic physical properties of lateritic clay was analyzed from the perspective of mineralogy. The results show that kaolinite and goethite are the main minerals of lateritic clays from Guangxi in China. The mineral compositions of these four samples are quantitatively and accurately analyzed by Bogue’s method. According to the study on mineral compositions of soil samples, the physical properties of lateritic clay are related to its clay minerals and cemented substances. The liquid limit (LL) or plastic limit (PL) increases with the increase of the ability and content of clay minerals to adsorb water. The lateritic clay is dominated by kaolinite minerals with low adsorption capacity, so the observed boundary water content (LL and PL) of high value of lateritic clays can be explained by the contribution of “inert water” in soil pores. The iron-bonded cement minerals (the form of existence is goethite) in lateritic clay have great influence on the liquid and plastic limits, which decrease linearly with the increase of goethite, whereas the goethite has relatively smaller effect on shrinkage characteristics. It is believed that the shrinkage characteristics of lateritic clay may also be affected by other factors.

Molecular Dynamics Study on the Effect of Mineral Composition on the Interface Interaction between Rubberized Asphalt and Aggregate

Molecular Dynamics Study on the Effect of Mineral Composition on the Interface Interaction between Rubberized Asphalt and Aggregate

The effect of mineral composition on direct aqueous carbonation of ultramafic mine waste rock for CO2 sequestration, a case study of Turnagain ultramafic complex in British Columbia, Canada

ABSTRACT The heterogenous mineralogy of ultramafic mine waste rocks make their carbonation rate hard to evaluate. This study investigated the effect of mineral composition on direct aqueous carbonation, through quantitative X-ray diffraction. The results show that magnesite was the main carbonated product, which was a stoichiometric conversion of forsterite. Diopside acted as a seed for quick crystallisation of magnesite. Lizardite could enhance the carbonation conversion, which reaches the optimum value when the weight ratio of lizardite to forsterite is 0.3–0.4. Sulphide in the reactant samples has a positive influence on carbonation. Brucite, magnetite and maghemite show little influence on carbonated products.

The Effect of Mineral Composition, Microstructure on Physical Properties of Aggregate from River Punjkora and Kunai, Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Aggregate is a worldwide raw material used for various construction purposes which are obtained from geological material through drilling, blasting, mining, and river derived. This study has been focused on river Panjkora and Kunai-derived aggregates which are natural sources of aggregate used for various construction purposes in Dir (Lower). Field observation and detailed petrographic studies of representative samples reveal that rivers Panjkora and Kunai pass from different lithological units of granite, gabbroic, and amphibolite. Petrographically, the granitic rocks of the study area are consisting of alkali feldspar, quartz, and plagioclase feldspar. Minor accessory minerals in granite were hornblende, biotite, epidote, rutile, zircon, and ore minerals. The gabbroic rocks are consisting of pyroxene, plagioclase, and minor to accessory minerals including biotite, sphene, rutile, epidote, and ore minerals. The main mineral phases in amphibolites are hornblende, plagioclase, and a minor amount of quartz, sphene, and ore minerals. Gneissose fabric has developed in amphibolite refers to its banded nature. The minor mineral phases of amphibolite include epidote, ore minerals, and garnet. The feldspar alteration in granite is in the form of sericitization and normal zoning. The physical properties of river Panjkora and Kunai float i.e., water absorption, specific gravity, fine modulus, loss Angeles and soundness were within the range. Both petrographic and geotechnical properties suggested that these aggregates are suitable to be used as coarse aggregate in concrete. These must be present in the recommendation section at the end.

Correlation between the mineral composition and strength properties of sulfate rocks

A literature review confirms that the effect of mineral composition on the strength properties of rocks has rarely been studied. One of the most problematic sedimentary rock types is sulfate rocks, which cause engineering problems in infrastructure sites such as reservoir dams. In this paper, for the first time, the effect of mineral composition on the strength properties of sulfate rocks was investigated. Rock blocks were collected from Gachsaran Formation outcrops at four reservoir dam sites under construction in Iran. After preparation, drying and saturation of the rock core samples (329 samples), uniaxial compressive strength tests were performed in accordance with ASTM and ISRM standards. The results of this study confirmed the following: (1) there is a correlation between the mineral composition and the strength properties of the sulfate rocks but the obtained relationships do not have the necessary certainty to be used as predictive equations; (2) by increasing the amount of anhydrite or microcrystalline carbonates in a gypsum rock, its strength properties are improved; (3) in a dry condition the dominant failure mode in gypsum and anhydrite rocks is a shear and dilatation mode, respectively, but after saturation, the failure mode tends to be a shear mode.

Experimental study on effect of mineral composition of clinker on properties of Portland cement

This paper mainly studies the influence of clinker mineral composition on the performance (flow variability and expansion performance, hole structure, etc.) of silicate cement. The experimental results show that the shear stress of silicate cement slurry body consisting of different minerals is different with the rheography curve of shear rate, and the linear relationship between the two belongs to Bingham rhesino equation, the expansion rate is also quite different, the expansion rate of D mineral composition is the largest, and the distribution of the aperture of different minerals composition is different, the size of the gap and the degree of hydracy are different.

Effect of Mineral Compositions on Volatilization of Pb during Coal Combustion

Effect of Mineral Compositions on Volatilization of Pb during Coal Combustion

Key factors of marine shale conductivity in southern China—Part I: The influence factors other than porosity

The complicated response mechanism of shale gas requires that a systematic pilot study is conducted on the influences of resistivity log responses to help with subsequent experimental design, physical derivations and resistivity simulations. The purpose of this research is to clarify the main controlling factors of the resistivity log responses and their semi-quantitative relationship in certain marine shale gas formations. Comprehensive analyses on large core test datasets, including mineralogical, petrological, geochemical and other data, from the Longmaxi-Wufeng Formation and the corresponding resistivity logging curves are carried out in 4 shale gas areas. This research indicates that in low-porosity systems, the mineral composition directly impacts the resistivity. Carbonates with large intergranular pores and even intragranular pores increase the resistivity. The hydrophilic nature of clay decreases the resistivity. When organic matter is not carbonized, the organic matter and biosilica will further increase the resistivity. Pyrite layers will cause a large drop in resistivity (to less than 5 Ω m). The resistivity is lower where organic matter carbonization has occurred in the studied reservoir. Mineral components, especially clay minerals and organic matter, are the main controlling factors of the conductivity of low-porosity systems. In addition, we propose that elemental logging can be used to characterize the comprehensive effect of low-porosity s systems on the resistivity of the reservoir and can accurately reflect the resistivity. These results will help to develop future studies on the relationship between the electrical conductivity and saturation of shale gas rocks, which is of great significance. • Combining the data of 14 wells in four shale gas blocks, the resistivity characteristics of marine shale are systematically and quantitatively analysed. • Shale mineral composition is the non-porous factor that mainly affects resistivity, among which carbonate minerals and combinations of biosilica and (uncarbonized) organic matter will increase the resistivity. • The layered pyrite greatly reduces the resistivity, but the dispersed pyrite has little effect on the resistivity of marine shale. • A semi-quantitative characterization technology for non-porous systems is proposed (ER curve), and the effect of mineral composition on resistivity is semi-quantitatively characterized.

The effect of mineral composition in the compound soil of soft rock and sand on special surface area and cation exchange capacity

The X-ray diffraction method and gas adsorption method were used to investigate the mineral composition and special surface area of different soft rocks, sands, and composed soil. The results showed that (1) Montmorillonite, kaolinite, potash feldspar, calcite, quartz, plagioclase and illite, constitute the soft rock. Quartz, potash feldspar, plagioclase, calcite, montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite constitute the soft rock in the Mu Us sandy land. There are several types of soft rocks, and there are some differences in the mineral composition of different types. The highest primary mineral content is 94.6% and the lowest 41%; the secondary mineral content is the highest 59% and the lowest is 5.4; (2) The special surface area of different types of soft rock is quite different, and the special surface area is up to 17.14 m2g−1, the lowest is 3.12 m2g−1, and the average content is 9.98 m2g−1. The cation exchange capacity is up to 7.25 cmol(+)/kg, and the lowest is 3.36 cmol(+)/kg; (3) The fitting formula of secondary minerals and specific decomposition of arsenic sandstone, aeolian sandy soil and composite soil is y = 2.423e0.0871x, and the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.8258. The fitting formula for the exchange capacity of secondary minerals and cations is y = 3.105e0.0348x, and the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9235.

Transport behaviors of Cs+ in granite porous media: Effects of mineral composition, HA, and coexisting cations

The transport of radiocesium (RCs) in granite has attracted great concerns for the consideration of a long-term safety assessment and performance evaluation of the nuclear waste disposal repository. In this study, the transport behaviors of Cs+ in granite were addressed and quantified by column experiments, sequential extraction, and a convection-dispersion equation model. The transport of Cs+ in granite experienced at least two stages including a rapid increase and a slow increase stages. The retardation of Cs+ in granite obviously became higher as biotite content increased. However, a consistent breakthrough plateau and almost overlapped breakthrough curves were observed under different feldspar contents, which suggested that the transport behaviors of Cs+ in granite was quite close to feldspar. Compared to Na+, K+ could effectively inhibit Cs+ adsorption and facilitate the mobility of Cs+ in granite column. In the presence of Sr2+, the transport of Cs+ was provoked in the granite column mainly due to the high competition effects. Humic acid (HA) did not obviously change the transport behaviors of Cs+ in granite column; however, HA could weakly change the adsorption species of Cs+ during Cs+ transport in granitic media. Both sequential extraction and two-site non-equilibrium model suggested that feldspar was the main contributor to the weak adsorption sites and biotite was responsible for the strong affinity sites for Cs+ in Beishan granite. The findings could provide important insights into RCs transport and fate in granitic media.