Effects Of Low Socioeconomic Status Research Articles

Developmental epigenomic effects of maternal financial problems.

Early-life adversity as neglect or low socioeconomic status is associated with negative physical/mental health outcomes and plays an important role in health trajectories through life. The early-life environment has been shown to be encoded as changes in epigenetic markers that are retained for many years.We investigated the effect of maternal major financial problems (MFP) and material deprivation (MD) on their children's epigenome in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Epigenetic aging, measured with epigenetic clocks, was weakly accelerated with increased MFP. In subsequent EWAS, MFP, and MD showed strong, independent programing effects on children's genomes. MFP in the period from birth to age seven was associated with genome-wide epigenetic modifications on children's genome visible at age 7 and partially remaining at age 15.These results support the hypothesis that physiological processes at least partially explain associations between early-life adversity and health problems later in life. Both maternal stressors (MFP/MD) had similar effects on biological pathways, providing preliminary evidence for the mechanisms underlying the effects of low socioeconomic status in early life and disease outcomes later in life. Understanding these associations is essential to explain disease susceptibility, overall life trajectories and the transition from health to disease.

The effect of socioeconomic status on adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome-An evaluation of a population database.

To evaluate the modifying effect of low socioeconomic status (SES) on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women's pregnancy and neonatal complications. A retrospective population-based cohort study including all women with an ICD-9 diagnosis of PCOS in the US between 2004 and 2014, who delivered in the third trimester or had a maternal death. SES was defined according to the total annual family income quartile for the entire population studied. We compared women in the lowest income quartile (<$39 000 annually) to those in the higher income quartiles combined (≥$39 000 annually). Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Overall, 9 096 788 women delivered between 2004 and 2014, of which 12 322 had a PCOS diagnosis and evidence of SES classification. Of these, 2117 (17.2%) were in the lowest SES group, and 10 205 (82.8%) were in the higher SES group. PCOS patients in the lowest SES group, compared to the higher SES group, were more likely to be younger, obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 ), to have smoked tobacco during pregnancy, and to have chronic hypertension and pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM) (P < 0.05). In a multivariate logistic regression, women in the lowest SES group, compared to the higher SES group, had increased odds of pregnancy-induced hypertension (aOR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12-1.46, P < 0.001), pre-eclampsia (aOR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.14-1.65, P < 0.001), and cesarean delivery (aOR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09-1.34, P < 0.001), with other comparable pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes. In PCOS patients, low SES increases the risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia and CD, highlighting the importance of diligent pregnancy follow-up and pre-eclampsia prevention in these patients.

The Inequities Embedded in Measures of Engagement in Science Education for African American Learners from a Culturally Relevant Science Pedagogy Lens

Although African American educators strive to ameliorate racist and/or sexist barriers to learners’ science engagement in U.S. education, examples of applications of culturally relevant science instruments to measure African American learners’ engagement in science are hard to find in the literature. Inaccurate perceptions about student engagement in science education continue to exist, including assumptions about the prevalence and effects of low socioeconomic status, limited content knowledge, and a lack of interest or motivation of African American learners compared to white learners. Most exemplars of student engagement in science focus on the cognitive, behavioral, and social mores of white, male, cisgender, middle-class learners and their reactions to teacher pedagogy. This article reports on a qualitative study of three African American female and male secondary science educators’ narratives of “engagement” in science amongst systemic inequities in the northeastern and southeastern U.S. regions. To better understand African American learners’ science engagement, I combined socially transformative science curriculum approaches for African American students using five types of mastery with the concepts of culturally relevant science pedagogy as the facilitator of racial equity. A critical-arts-based research methodology was used to craft participants’ autobiographical data and drawings into a literary métissage of the participants’ experiences, memories, and culturally relevant pedagogical strategies. Themes included: (1) teachers’ recognition that their interest and positionality impacted their engagement in science; (2) their understanding of how identifying as scientists informed their career choices and modes of participation; and (3) their observations about how mentoring and vision influenced students’ attitudes about engaging in science. The major finding was that critical incidents that teachers experienced when they were students in K-20 schools influenced how they became engaged in science and constructed their culturally relevant practices as science educators. The implications of this finding for pre-service and teacher leadership development for equitable teaching and learning will be discussed, and recommendations for using culturally relevant science practices and navigating power dynamics will be provided.

Exposure to violence is associated with decreased neural connectivity in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory, networks after accounting for socioeconomic status: a preliminary study

Previous research has demonstrated behavioral and neural differences associated with experiencing adversity. However, adversity is unlikely to be a monolithic construct, and we expect that examining effects of more specific components such as exposure to violence in the home community will yield more concretely interpretable results. Here we account for effects of low socioeconomic status (SES) to examine the specific effects of exposure to violence on functional connectivity between brain areas known to be related to emotion regulation and working memory. Decreased resting state functional connectivity for individuals exposed to high compared to low levels of violence during childhood was predicted for two sets of areas: (1) bilateral amygdala with anterior medial regions involved in cognitive control of emotion, and (2) the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) with frontal and parietal regions implicated in working memory. Consistent with our predictions, increasing exposure to violence was related to decreased resting state functional connectivity between the right amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, even after accounting for SES. Also after accounting for SES, exposure to violence was related to reductions in connectivity between the right dlPFC and frontal regions, but not with parietal regions typically associated with working memory. Overall, this pattern suggests increased exposure to violence in childhood is associated with reduced connectivity among key areas of the circuitry involved in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory. These results offer insight into the neural underpinnings of behavioral outcomes associated with exposure to violence, laying the foundation for ultimately designing interventions to address the effects of such exposure.

Analysis of secondary school students’ academic performance and parental involvement in children education at home

Introduction. Parental involvement in children’s education means engagement and participation of parents in the educational activities of their children. The existing body of empirical research shows that parental involvement can influence academic performance of their children in two distinct ways, i.e. parental involvement in children education at home (helping children in homework and other academic discussions, etc.) and parental involvement in children education at school (participation in school function and meetings, etc.). Active involvement of parents in children’s education may even counterbalance the unfavourable effects of low socioeconomic status and underprivileged neighborhood. The overall effect of parental involvement in child education both at home and at school is a worthy source of improving the academic performance of children through securing higher grades at school.Aim. This research aimed to examine the effects of parental involvement in children education at home on academic performance of secondary schools students and to identify the difference of the effects of parental involvement on students of different gender, parent literacy status and parent importance to children education.Methodology and research methods. Cross sectional and a multistage stratified sampling technique was adopted to portray information from sample of 448 students on Likert scale. Chi square, Kendall’s Tau-c tests and Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the level, direction and strength of association among variables.Results. The results showed that the association of children academic performance was significant and positive when parents helped children with their homework (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.231), discussed school progress with children (P = 0.002, Tc = 0.122) and motivated children to work harder when they make a poor grade (P = 0.015, Tc = 0.133). Moreover, the results highlighted variation in the academic performance of children with respect to their gender, parental literacy status, parental importance to children education and parental involvement in children education at home. It was concluded that boys, children of literate parents, children whose parents give more importance to their education and their parents remain involved in their educational activities at home secured higher grades.Scientific novelty. The present study is distinctive in that it examined variations in children’s academic performance with respect to student gender, parental literacy status, and parental importance to their education in addition to focusing on the relationship between parental involvement in their children education at home and academic performance.Practical significance. The analysis of the research outcomes leads to several interesting results and proposes helpful suggestions for important stakeholders. The main study recommendations that will enable parents to promptly meet the educational demands of their children in order to aid them in getting better grades include awareness-raising campaigns for parents, income creation chances for disadvantaged families, and adult literacy initiatives.

The Effect of Building-Level Socioeconomic Status on Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective Understanding the social determinants of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) receipt can inform the design of public health interventions to increase bystander CPR. The association of socioeconomic status with bystander CPR is generally poorly understood. We evaluated the relationship between socioeconomic status and bystander CPR in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study based on the Singapore cohort of the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study registry between 2010 and 2018. We categorized patients into low, medium, and high Singapore Housing Index (SHI) levels—a building-level index of socioeconomic status. The primary outcome was receipt of bystander CPR. The secondary outcomes were prehospital return of spontaneous circulation and survival to discharge. Results A total of 12,730 OHCA cases were included, the median age was 71 years, and 58.9% were male. The bystander CPR rate was 56.7%. Compared to patients in the low SHI category, those in the medium and high SHI categories were more likely to receive bystander CPR (medium SHI: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.30–1.69; high SHI: aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.67–2.24). High SHI patients had higher survival compared to low SHI patients on unadjusted analysis (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.08–2.96), but not adjusted analysis (adjusted for age, sex, race, witness status, arrest time, past medical history of cancer, and first arrest rhythm). When comparing high with low SHI, females had larger increases in bystander CPR rates than males. Conclusions Lower building-level socioeconomic status was independently associated with lower rate of bystander CPR, and females were more susceptible to the effect of low socioeconomic status on lower rate of bystander CPR.

Associations between diabetes-related distress and predicted cardiovascular complication risks in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes-related distress (DRD) is experienced by nearly 50% of people with diabetes at any given time in their diagnosis. The effects of low socioeconomic status (SES) and lacking access to resources can increase DRD. In addition, cardiovascular (CV) complications associated with diabetes are associated with higher DRD scores. This study evaluated the associations between DRD and predicted CV risks in participants with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study included 234 individuals with low SES who were Medi-Cal (California version of Medicaid) beneficiaries and sought medical care at a safety-net clinic system. The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) questionnaire assessed DRD levels. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine was utilized to predict 10-year risks for coronary heart disease (CHD), fatal CHD, stroke, and fatal stroke. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed between the two variables, including other variables to control for potential confounding factors, for assessing the associations. After controlling for potential confounders, participants' total PAID questionnaire scores were significantly associated with their 10-year predicted fatal CHD risks (B=0.060, 95% CI: [0.00084, 0.12], p=0.047). After controlling for covariates, DRD levels exhibited a significant association with increased 10-year predicted fatal CHD risks in patients with type 2 diabetes and lower SES. Screening for DRD and provision of appropriate psychosocial interventions may reduce the risks of CHD in those with type 2 diabetes.

Socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal behaviors in South Korea: systematic review on the current state of evidence

BackgroundThe economic and human costs of suicide to individuals, families, communities, and society make suicide a major public health problem around the world. Suicide rates in South Korea are among the highest in the world. This paper is the first systematic review investigating socioeconomic risk factors for suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, attempted suicides, and completed suicides) in South Korea.MethodsWe performed a systematic review in Medline and Web of Science. Empirical studies and peer-reviewed articles on the association between individual socioeconomic factors and suicidal behaviors have been included. A total of 53 studies were included in a descriptive synthesis.ResultsOverall, 35 studies focused on the association between individual socioeconomic factors and suicidal ideation, 16 were related to suicide attempts, while 10 addressed completed suicides. Low income, unemployment, and financial difficulties were identified as risk factors for all suicidal behaviors. Working in precarious conditions, long working hours, self-employment, changes in employment status, shift work/night-time work, and occupational stress were associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation. Low educational attainment appears to increase the risk for suicide attempts and completed suicide, but the significance of educational attainment on the reporting of suicidal ideation could not be verified. The primary studies were unable to ascertain whether the place of residence impacts on suicidal behaviors.ConclusionsThe results highlight the relevance of socioeconomic factors for suicidal behaviors in South Korea. Governmental social spending must be increased and redirected more efficiently so that the economically most vulnerable groups are financially protected and income inequality does not widen. Furthermore, comprehensive prevention strategies at the community level are needed. Future research needs to focus on identifying vulnerable groups for whom the effects of low socioeconomic status may have particularly serious consequences with regard to suicidal behaviors.

Neural mechanisms underlying the effect of low socioeconomic status on self-regulation

Neural mechanisms underlying the effect of low socioeconomic status on self-regulation

Parental investment can moderate the negative effects of low socioeconomic status on children’s health: an analysis of Kenyan national data

Background Stunting is an indicator for cumulative growth deficits and long-term undernutrition. Determinants of stunting include poverty, food insecurity, poor sanitation, and low maternal education. Stunting has both short and long-term detrimental health and developmental effects on children. In 2020, around 149 million children under five were stunted worldwide. This study examines whether parental investment moderates the association between maternal education and childhood stunting in Kenya. Methods The 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey was used to examine the variation in childhood stunting, analysed using binary logistic regression. Subgroup effect modification models were utilized to incorporate the interactions between maternal education and parental investments: marital status, household size, number of antenatal visits and breastfeeding duration on childhood stunting. Results This analysis included 17247 children under 5 years. The results indicated that 26% of Kenyan children under five were stunted in 2014. The prevalence of stunting was greater among males (30%) than females (22%). There was an increasing adverse effect of decreasing maternal education levels on stunting as secondary education (odd ratios (OR)=1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.40-1.98), primary education (OR=2.95; 95% CI=2.51-3.46) and no education (OR=3.07; 95% CI=2.56-3.68) relative to higher education. Breastfeeding for ≥12 months was associated with a lower risk of adverse effects of primary education (OR=3.03; 95% CI=1.82-3.36), compared to breastfeeding for &lt;6 months (OR=4.01; 95% CI=1.11-15.50), relative to higher education. Smaller households (2-4 members) (OR=2.96; 95% CI=1.81-5.12) and 5-7 ANC visits (OR=2.22; 95% CI=1.50-3.43) diminished the adverse effects of no maternal education relative to higher education on stunting. Conclusions In Kenya, childhood stunting still is a critical public health challenge. Parents can invest more in their offspring through planning for fewer children, attending sufficient antenatal clinics, and providing adequate breastfeeding to moderate the negative effects of low socio-economics status on their children’s health.

The Effect of Mindfulness-based Group Therapy on Aggression and Resilience of Suburban Children in Mashhad

Introduction: Given the effect of low socio-economic status of marginalized residents on children's behavioral and emotional problems, it is important to take measures to strengthen resilience and reduce aggression in children. This paper aims to determine the effect of mindfulness-based group therapy on resilience and aggression of children in the suburbs of Mashhad. Method: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 elementary school students aged 8-12 years referred to the social worker and psychology clinic in Sayyedi district of Mashhad in 2019-2020. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The intervention group received mindfulness-based group therapy using Kabat-Zinn's (2003) approach over 8 sessions of 90 min while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data collection tools included the Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale (SEARS) as well as the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 software and MANCOVA test. Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based group therapy could significantly improve resilience and reduce aggression in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Mindfulness-based group therapy can be effective in mitigating aggression and enhancing resilience of children in the suburbs of Mashhad.

Spontaneous microstates related to effects of low socioeconomic status on neuroticism

Individuals with high neuroticism had the decreased control functions of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) over amygdala (emotion regions) and low socioeconomic status (SES) had negative effects on the functions of ACC. Based on these, we hypothesized that the decreased functions of ACC might make individuals with low SES had high level of neuroticism. According to the score of objective SES (OSES) and subjective SES (SSES) scales, subjects were divided into four groups (low SSES, high SSES, low OSES and high OSES) to investigate the roles of dynamic characteristics related to the ACC in the relationships between SES and neuroticism using resting-state EEG (RS-EEG) microstates analysis. It had been found that RS-EEG microstates can be divided into four types (MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS4) and the MS3 was related cingulo-opercular brain networks (including ACC and anterior insular). As our prediction, SSES had direct effects on neuroticism relative to OSES. Moreover, the neuroticism for low SSES was positively related to the occurrence and contribution of MS3, as well as the possibilities of transitions between MS3 and MS1. Based on these, we thought that low-SSES individuals might be more difficult to inhibit the negative emotions, especially inhibit the spontaneous thoughts related to these emotions.

The role of social inequality and individual psychological resources in the incidence of socially significant diseases in Russia and Europe

Psychological resources of the individual are an important factor of keeping health. Having such psychological features as awareness of their ability to control the life circumstances, a positive perception of themselves and belief in their own strength, self-esteem, optimistic view in the future, have a direct positive impact on the physical and psychological state of a person, promote healthy lifestyles, equip with the ability to cope struggles and reduce stress influence to health. The availability of such psychological resources and their reserve is especially important for people suffering from socially significant chronic diseases accompanied by physical and functional limitations, violations of psychological and social adaptation. However, according to numerous studies, in socially disadvantaged groups of the population – poorly educated, employed in the least prestigious and low-paid jobs with low incomes, together with high risks of morbidity and premature mortality from chronic diseases, there are low rates of psychological resistance due to a shortage of psychological resources. The study of the relationship between social status and individual psychological resources, which affect the health of different social strata’s representatives, allowed us to identify two main approaches. Within the framework of one approach, psychological features are considered to be a product of the structural conditions that determine the inequalities of their distribution in society. The deficit of psychological resources that experienced by representatives of socially vulnerable groups is consider to be contributing the negative impact of low socio-economic status on health and acts as one of the mediating mechanism for the transformation of socio-economic differences into inequalities in health. Another approach emphasizes the role of the person in changing the life circumstances, including those of them that are caused by the adverse effects of low socio-economic status. In this case, attention is focused not so much on the differences in the psychological reserves of individuals who occupy different positions in the socio-economic stratification, as on their variability within one social level. Empirical studies confirm that especially among the socially disadvantaged groups, individuals characterized by greater reserve of positive psychological properties, demonstrate significantly better health compared to those fellow citizens who are deprived of this reserve. In the literature, this phenomenon designates as a" buffer" effect, contributing to the reduction of negative health consequences of low status, and, consequently, to the reduction of socio-structural inequalities in health. In developed European countries, where government guarantees allow lower social strata to maintain self-esteem, confidence in the future and optimism, psychological resources lose their role as a mediator between socio-economic status and health and can lead to a buffer reduction of structural inequalities. In the less developed countries of Europe and in Russia, where public health and education programs do not allow people from the lower strata to maintain psychological stability, structural differences in the risks of chronic diseases and premature mortality persist.

Educational Resilience Among Asian Children in Challenging Family Environment

Given that most of the resilient literature tends to focus on Western contexts, and the western-based research may have limited applications for policy and preventions in Asia, this issue attempts to examine educational resilience in Asian or Eastern societies to complement the wealth of research in the western-based research. In Asia, a large number of children live in challenging family environments such as poverty, increasing labor migration, increased divorced and associated factors. Investigating the pathways to educational resilience, particularly focusing on the protective factors that can buffer the negative effects of low socio-economic status or dysfunctional family environments or migrant family environments on Asian children’s educational outcomes has significant implications. In this research, we found that, in Asia, education is a key vehicle for individual’s social mobility, and factors from the school, home, and community may increase students’ chances of success by buffering the effect of some of the stressors from family on academic and personal success. This issue adds an empirical support from the East to Ungar’s (2012) social ecology framing of resilience. This paper also provides evidence that suggests efforts by educators to promote resilience should be tailored to the unique risks to which a sub-population of children and youth is exposed.

Self-efficacy and social competence reduce socioeconomic inequality in emotional symptoms among schoolchildren.

Many adolescents experience mental health problems which may have serious consequences for short- and long-term health and wellbeing. This study investigates socioeconomic inequality in emotional symptoms, self-efficacy and social competence. Further, whether self-efficacy and social competence reduce socioeconomic inequalities in emotional symptoms. Data stem from the cross-sectional Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Methodology Development Survey 2012. Data were collected among all schoolchildren in grades 5-9 (11-15-year-olds) in 23 public schools in two municipalities. Participation rate was 76.8% (n = 3969). Analyses of the associations between daily emotional symptoms, occupational social class, self-efficacy and social competence were performed through logistic regression analyses using SAS version 9.3. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to study effect modification. Schoolchildren from lower socioeconomic positions have higher odds for daily emotional symptoms and lower levels of high self-efficacy and high social competence compared to schoolchildren from higher socioeconomic positions. High self-efficacy and high social competence buffer the association between socioeconomic position and emotional symptoms, i.e. they seem to protect children and adolescents from lower socioeconomic strata against the higher risk of daily emotional symptoms. High self-efficacy and high social competence buffer the negative effects of low socioeconomic status on emotional symptoms among schoolchildren. Self-efficacy and social competence can be promoted e.g. through school-based initiatives and may be an effective way to improve mental health and reduce socioeconomic inequality in emotional symptoms among children and adolescents.

Взаимосвязь взрослой и детской бедности с психологическими характеристиками личности

In this paper examines the effects of low socioeconomic status in adulthood and in childhood on psychological characteristics, such as individual values, self-efficacy, self-esteem, psychological well-being and trust. The sample included people with low socio-economic status (namely poors) (N=162) and non-poor (N=188). Measurement of children’s socio-economic status was carried out by retrospective assessment. The results showed that values and self-esteem differ depending on the adult SES. The results revealed the significant effect of adult and childhood SES for trust and life satisfaction. The analysis revealed that adult status had a significant impact on trust only in the groups of those who did not experience poverty in childhood, i.e. the group with average levels of wealth in childhood, and the wealthy group. In conclusion, our study revealed the impact of childhood and adult SES on various individual psychological characteristics.

Childhood adversities and mid-late depressive symptoms over the life course: evidence from a retrospective cohort study in China

BackgroundThe cumulative effect of childhood adversities on depressive symptoms in later life is well documented in many countries. However, there is a dearth of accurate information about this effect in the Chinese population. We aimed to examine the cumulative effect of childhood adversities on depressive symptoms in mid-to-late life, using data from the Chinese population. MethodsWe retrieved data from the third and fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was carried out in 2014 and 2015. We included anonymised data from 17 425 respondents aged 45 years and older, and retrospectively collected information about childhood history, including socioeconomic status, health status, child neglect and abuse, friendship, and parental mental health. The information about socioeconomic status and health status in mid-to-late life was also included. The depressive symptoms were assessed using a ten-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We used a structural equation model and depicted the direct or indirect pathways from five aspects of childhood adversities to depressive symptoms in mid-to-late life. Socioeconomic status and health status in mid-to-late life acted as a mediated factor in this model. FindingsThe structural equation model had a good satisfactory fit (comparative fit index 0·927; Tucker–Lewis index 0·922; root mean square error of approximation 0·020). Parental mental health problems had a significant direct effect on depressive symptoms in mid-to-late life (β=0·180, p<0·001). Having no friends also showed a direct effect (β= 0·118, p<0·001) and there was an indirect effect of low socioeconomic status and poor health status in mid-to-late life (β=0·054, p<0·001). Poor health status, child neglect and abuse, and low socioeconomic status in childhood had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms in mid-to-late life (poor health status β=0·128, p<0·001; child neglect and abuse β=0·040, p<0·001; low socioeconomic status β=0·098, p<0·001). InterpretationChildhood adversities were directly or indirectly associated with depressive symptoms in mid-to-late life, and the cumulative effects were mediated by poor health status and low socioeconomic status in mid-to-late life. These findings are crucial for the development of integrated practices and deployment of available resources to prevent childhood adversities, subsequently reducing the prevalence of depression. Moreover, the indirect pathways from childhood adversities to depressive symptoms in mid-to-late life indicate that early inequality may develop along multiple axes and shape life outcomes in later life, such as socioeconomic status. The findings suggested the interruptive potential of early resource mobilisation and human agency to curb the cumulative effects of adversity. FundingChina Medical Board (14-198)

1.11-P9Maternal acculturation potentiates the effect of low socio-economic status on birth weight in a cohort of Mexican-American women in the US

1.11-P9Maternal acculturation potentiates the effect of low socio-economic status on birth weight in a cohort of Mexican-American women in the US

Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, morbidity and diabetes management for adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.

AimsTo systematically review the evidence of socioeconomic inequalities for adults with type 1 diabetes in relation to mortality, morbidity and diabetes management.MethodsWe carried out a systematic search across six relevant databases and included all studies reporting associations between socioeconomic indicators and mortality, morbidity, or diabetes management for adults with type 1 diabetes. Data extraction and quality assessment was undertaken for all included studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsA total of 33 studies were identified. Twelve cohort, 19 cross sectional and 2 case control studies met the inclusion criteria. Regardless of healthcare system, low socioeconomic status was associated with poorer outcomes. Following adjustments for other risk factors, socioeconomic status was a statistically significant independent predictor of mortality in 9/10 studies and morbidity in 8/10 studies for adults with type 1 diabetes. There appeared to be an association between low socioeconomic status and some aspects of diabetes management. Although only 3 of 16 studies made adjustments for confounders and other risk factors, poor diabetes management was associated with lower socioeconomic status in 3/3 of these studies.ConclusionsLow socioeconomic status is associated with higher levels of mortality and morbidity for adults with type 1 diabetes even amongst those with access to a universal healthcare system. The association between low socioeconomic status and diabetes management requires further research given the paucity of evidence and the potential for diabetes management to mitigate the adverse effects of low socioeconomic status.

Exploring the association between low socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease risk in healthy Greeks, in the years of financial crisis (2002–2012): The ATTICA study

BackgroundDespite recent declines in mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in Europe today. Given the fact that many of the biological risk factors have already been identified, researchers still search for different modifiable factors that may influence CVD risk, among which SES gathers a great part of interest. AimsTo explore the effect of low socioeconomic status (SES) on a 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, in the years of financial crisis. MethodsThis population-based study was carried out in the province of Attica, where Athens is a major metropolis. During 2001–2002, information from 1528 men (18–87years old) and 1514 women (18–89years old) was collected. Educational level and annual income were used to define their SES. After a 10-year of follow-up period (2002–2012), CVD incidence was recorded. ResultsLow compared to high SES class, at the ages above 45years, was independently associated with increased 10-year CVD incidence [adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 2.7 (1.5, 4.9)] but not among the younger participants. SES was also negatively associated with psychological components (all p-values<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.002), obesity (p=0.087) and physical activity (p=0.056). ConclusionThere is evidence for a consistent reverse relation between SES and the incidence of CVD and for higher CVD risk factors among less privileged individuals. The striking differences by SES underscore the critical need to improve screening, early detection, and treatment of CVD-related conditions for people of lower SES, emphasizing in the middle-aged groups.