Effect Of Low-level Laser Therapy Research Articles

Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy Associated with Strength Training in Knee Osteoarthritis: Protocol for a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Physical activity and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can reduce knee osteoarthritis (KOA) inflammation. We are conducting a randomized placebo-controlled trial to investigate the long-term effectiveness of LLLT combined with strength training (ST) in persons with KOA, since it, to our knowledge, has not been investigated before. Fifty participants were enrolled. LLLT and ST was performed 3 times per week over 3 and 8 weeks, respectively. In the LLLT group, 3 Joules of 904 nm wavelength laser was applied to 15 spots per knee (45 Joules/knee/session). The primary outcomes are pain during movement, at night and at rest (Visual Analogue Scale) and global pain (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, KOOS) pain subscale. The secondary outcomes are KOOS disability and quality-of-life, analgesic usage, global health change, knee active range of motion, 30 s chair stand, maximum painless isometric knee extension strength, knee pain pressure threshold and real-time ultrasonography-assessed suprapatellar effusion, meniscal neovascularization and femur cartilage thickness. All the outcomes are assessed 0, 3, 8, 26 and 52 weeks post-randomization, except for global health change, which is only evaluated at completed ST. This study features the blinding of participants, assessors and therapists, and will improve our understanding of what occurs with the local pathophysiology, tissue morphology and clinical status of persons with KOA up to a year after the initiation of ST and a higher 904 nm LLLT dose than in any published trial on this topic.

Effects of diode low-level laser therapy on healing of tooth extraction sockets: a histopathological study in diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is mostly interrelated to deficiency in wound healing. Low-level laser therapy has been shown to exert reliable effects on the acceleration of wound healing process. This study aimed to determine the potential influence of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of extraction sockets in diabetic rats. A total of 24 healthy male Wistar rats were selected for this study. After diabetes induction, the maxillary first molars of all rats were extracted bilaterally. Then, the animals were subjected either to Ga-Al-As laser at 808 nm or to Al-Ga-In-P laser at 660 nm at the right extracted socket every day for the next 14 days. The left sockets served as controls. Rats were sacrificed on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days after tooth extraction. The samples were examined by a pathologist. LLLT at 808 nm was able to significantly repress inflammation, improve osteoid formation, and promote vascularization in comparison to the non-treated sockets. LLLT at 660 nm significantly suppressed inflammation and developed vascularization in comparison to the non-treated sockets, but failed to improve osteoid formation in the treated sockets. This study suggests that LLLT could be considered asa reliable treatment for wound healing in diabetic experimental rats.

Effect of Single Session of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Pain, Swelling, and Trismus after Surgical Extraction of Impacted Lower Third Molar : A Clinical Study

Introduction: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can promote and accelerate the tissue regeneration as it causes the early healing of extraction sockets but the accurate mechanism is unknown. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of LLLT which was applied in a single session immediately after odontectomy of impacted lower wisdom tooth on pain, swelling, and trismus. Patient and Methods: This study was done on 24 healthy patients who required surgical extraction of impacted lower third molar. The patients were randomly selected and randomly divided into two equal groups, each consisted of 12 patients for group, group I received LLLT immediately after surgical extraction of impacted lower third molar, group II was subjected to routine surgical extraction of impacted lower third molar without application of LLLT. LLLT was applied at ten points: four intra-oral beside to the extracted socket and six extra-oral along the masseter muscle. Laser energy was applied at 100mW for a total of 150 sec, 15 sec for each point. Results: The results showed the effect of a single session of LLLT in control of postoperative pain on the day of surgery and reduction of swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars (p < 0.05). Conclusion: LLLT could represent a viable tool to control pain in patients who are contraindicated to the medications.

The effect of low-level laser therapy and stress on wound healing in rats

Background: Many studies have been performed on the effect of low level laser on wound healing which has been associated with different and sometimes contradictory results. On the other hand, considering that stress may affect the immune system the fact that it may delay wound healing has also been addressed. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of low level laser therapy and stress on wound healing at the three levels of histology (histological changes), biomechanics (stress and strain assessment) and macroscopic (wound size).&#x0D; Methods: In this interventional study, 72 male Wistar rats (8-10 weeks old, weight range: 240 to 330 g) were randomly divided into three treatment groups and one control group. (18 per group). In all the rats, a 2.5 cm full-thickness skin incision was made on the dorsal spine. Intervention was performed from day 1 to day 21 every other day with Kals-DX61 laser (cap s) with wavelength: 660 nm, dose 3 J / cm2, 100 sec and power density 30 mW / cm2. Then, wound size was measured weekly until the third week (day 21). Then, tension metric tests were performed to evaluate the stress and strain of the restored tissue. At the end of each week, three animals from each group were sacrificed for histopathological evaluation.&#x0D; Results: There was a significant difference between the stress / no laser and laser/no stress groups in all stages of evaluation. Mean and standard deviation of stress and strain were not significantly different in the study groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: Stress can potentially slow the wound healing process, while receiving low level laser therapy speeds up the wound healing process, although in the end there was no significant difference in biomechanical characteristics between the groups.

Low\u2010level laser therapy using laser diode 940 nm in the mandibular impacted third molar surgery: double-blind randomized clinical trial

BackgroundThe effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain mitigation following the third molar surgery is still controversial. The absence of a standard method for using laser among the studies is related to the types of sample selection, sample size, control, and LLLT parameters, which make pain mitigation following surgery more controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of LLLT on reducing pain, swelling, and trismus following the mandibular impacted third molar surgery.MethodsThis study was performed on 25 healthy subjects. After the surgery, amoxicillin 500 mg was prescribed every 8 h for a 7-day period besides oral Ibuprofen (Gelofen) 400 mg every 12 h for a 3-day period. The intraoral Laser diode 940 nm was applied immediately after suture on the tested side, while on the placebo side, a fiber tip was used with no laser radiation following surgery. Eventually, the pain score was evaluated by VAS index from the 1st to the 7th-day post-surgery and then analyzed by SPSS 24.ResultsThe results indicate that the mean swelling and trismus before, during, 2 days after, and 7 days after the intervention did not differ significantly between the two studied groups. However, the results show that on the sixth and seventh days, the pain was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group.ConclusionsThe results suggest that although the pain, swelling, and trismus following surgery were lower on the radiated side, only pain was found to be significant on the radiated side (p < 0.05).The registration number of the clinical trial in a Primary Registry in the WHO Registry Network is IRCT20141209020258N110 and the date of retrospective registration is 04/05/2019. The related URL is https://www.irct.ir/trial/36321.

Impact of intraoral non-pharmacological non-surgical adjunctive interventions on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in humans: A systematic review.

The current systematic review aimed to assess the impact of intraoral non-surgical non-pharmacological adjunctive interventions on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). Search without restrictions was performed up to November 2020 in three electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective non-randomized studies. The ROB 2.0 tool was used to assess the quality of the included RCTs, and the ROBINS-I tool was applied to non-randomized clinical studies. The strength of evidence was ranked using GRADE. Three hundred and sixteen records were initially retrieved. A total of 10 studies, with 236 patients, were finally considered. These studies assessed the effects of mechanical vibration (low-frequency and high-frequency), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photobiomodulation (light-emitting devices (LED). While the low-frequency vibration and LED do not seem to affect OIIRR, OIIRR has been reported to be reduced in high-frequency vibration, and LIPUS-treated teeth (differences may not likely be considered clinically relevant). The potential positive effect of LLLT on OIIRR is still debatable. Overall, the existing evidence suggests that the amount of OIIRR observed while using these interventions with traditional orthodontic treatment was not more than that was observed without it. Based on a very low level of confidence, it seems that intraoral non-pharmacological non-surgical adjunctive interventions do not affect the amount of OIIRR either positively or negatively to a clinically relevant degree when compared to what is seen with conventional orthodontic treatment alone.

Biological role of postoperative low level laser therapy in preventing hydroxyapatite orbital implantation exposure: A case report.

Conjunctival sac stenosis is the contraction of the conjunctival sac as a result of trauma or disease. The aim of the present study was to observe the clinical effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) orbital implantation as a treatment strategy for conjunctival sac stenosis. A total of 10 patients with conjunctival sac stenosis were treated with scleral graft transplantation in conjunction with HA implantation and postoperative LLLT. In addition, a rabbit model was used to investigate the biological mechanism underlying the effects of LLLT with the aim of preventing and treating orbital implantation exposure. The right eyeball was removed, orbital implantation performed and LLLT applied to experimental groups. 99mTc-Methyl diphosphonate scanning methods were performed at different timepoints to compare the average radioactivity count of the region of interest between surgical (right) and control (left) eyes (R/L). Histopathological examination was performed 8 weeks post-surgery, followed by analysis of fiber vascularization. Following LLLT, moderate conjunctival wounds were completely healed within 2 weeks and severe stenosis wounds healed within 3 weeks. Following prosthesis implantation in the rabbit model, a significantly elevated R/L ratio was observed after 4 weeks, whereas no significant difference was observed compared with the control group at 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Histopathological examination revealed that all implants were fibrotic. Overall, the present study demonstrated that LLLT promoted the survival of conjunctival grafts, stimulated conjunctival incision healing and promoted early vascularization of HA implants. Clinical trial registration no: ChiCTR-DDT-12002660 (www.chictr.org/cn/).

Quantum correction of homeostatic disorders in patients with mechanical jaundice

Purpose . To study the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the correction of homeostatic disorders in severe mechanical jaundice of non-tumor origin at the early postoperative period. Material and methods . The authors present their results of treating 45 patients with mechanical jaundice (MJ) of non-neoplastic genesis and of various severity. Patients were randomized into three groups: Group 1 (n = 15) – patients with mild MJ who were prescribed standard treatment at the postoperative period; Group 2 (n = 15) – patients with severe MJ who were also prescribed standard treatment; Group 3 (n = 15) – patients' state similar to that of Group 2 but who were added laser therapy sessions to their standard treatment. Laser «Matrix» was used for this. The intensity of lipoperoxidation processes, phospholipase activity, microcirculation, hemostasis and liver functional state were assessed. Results . It was found that at the early postoperative period (up to day 8), patients with mechanical jaundice of non-tumor genesis have marked deviations in homeostasis, like oxidative stress, activation of phospholipase system, microcirculatory disorders, hepatic dysfunction and hemostatic disorders, the severity of which is associated with the severity of pathology. The therapeutic effectiveness of basic treatment at early stages in patients with mild MJ was enough, while in patients with severe MJ not always. Conclusion . Supravascular quantum irradiation added to standard therapy in patients with severe mechanical jaundice promotes more rapid restoration of hepatic dysfunction and more effective correction of the homeostatic system.

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of laser irradiation and Cholisal in the treatment of prosthetic stomatitis

Purpose : to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and preparation Cholisal at the microflora of oral mucous in prosthetic stomatitis (PS). Material and methods . Patients were divided into the following groups: Group 1 – control, without PS signs; Group 2 with PS had conventional treatment (sanitation of the oral cavity, removal of supra- and subgingival dental deposits, elimination of traumatic occlusion nodes, curettage of pathological pockets); Group 3 with PS had conventional treatment plus LLLT; Group 4 with PS had conventional treatment plus Cholisal; Group 5 with PS had conventional treatment plus LILI and Cholisal. The oral mucosa of patients with PS was irradiated externally every day for 7 days during 3 min. Matrix-VLOK laser with KL–VLOK head, wavelength of 0.63 mkm – an analog of helium-neon laser (red light) -, output power 2 mW was used. The irradiation dosage was calculated by the equation: D = (P/S) × t, where D is radiation dose, P (W) is radiation power on the wound surface, S (cm 2 ) is area of wound radiation, t (s) is exposure time. Thus, if the erosion surface area is 1–2 cm 2 , the irradiation dose has to be 3–6 J. Cholisal was applied topically before night sleep without subsequent LLLT. In the combined application of LLLT and Cholisal, irradiation was done in the morning. Results . It has been found out that LLLT reduces inflammatory processes and the level of microbial contamination in the oral mucous. Cholisal also reduces microbial contamination. The most effective technique for treating the oral mucous is a combined application of LLLT and Cholisal. Conclusion . The presented studies demonstrate effective outcomes in combined application of LLLT and Cholisal for reducing inflammatory processes and microbial contamination of the oral mucous in prosthetic stomatitis.

Low-level laser therapy (photobiomodulation) versus hyperbaric oxygen therapy on healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers: a controlled randomized trial

Background and purpose Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and concurrent infections are the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Both low-level laser therapy (LLLT), photobiomodulation (PBM), and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) promote the healing of wounds. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of LLLT versus HBOT on the healing of chronic DFU. Patients and methods: Seventy-five patients with chronic diabetic ulcers aged ranging from 40–65 years were recruited and assigned randomly into three groups. HBOT group received 100% pure oxygen 2.5 ATA delivered for 60 min per session for 30 sessions (5 sessions per week for 6 successive weeks). LLLT group received GaAlAs diode laser producing a total power output of 1440 mW with following wavelengths: 5 × 850 nm (200 mW), 12 × 670 nm (10 mW),8 × 880 nm (25 mW), and 8 × 950 nm (15 mW); the energy density (fluency) was adjusted for 4 J/cm2 with a pulse frequency of 10 kHz. Each session lasted 8 min every two days. The control group received conventional wound care only (wound cleansing twice daily using saline or similar dressing). Both LLLT and HBOT groups received conventional wound care in addition to their program. Measurements for ulcer surface area (USA; transparency method) and ulcer volume (volumetric method) were performed before starting the study and in the second, fourth, and sixth-weeks post-treatment. Results: Within group comparisons demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in USA and ulcer volume in both HBOT and LLLT groups (p-value = 0.0001 in all measurements). The multiple comparisons between groups for USA, there was insignificant difference between HBOT and LLLT groups after 2-, 4-, and 6-weeks (p-value = 0.48, 0.813, and 0.629, respectively), while for ulcer volume, there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the LLLT group only after 2- and 4-weeks (p = 0.037 and 0.042, respectively) while an insignificant difference after 6-weeks (p-value = 0.911). Conclusion: Both LLLT and HBOT accelerate healing in chronic DFU, but the LLLT is more favorable in decreasing ulcer volume after during the first 4-weeks.

Effect of low-level laser irradiation on cytotoxicity of benzene in human normal fibroblast cells.

Benzene is volatile organic hydrocarbon which is widely used in a wide range of industries. Studies have shown that exposure to benzene consequences serious health risks for human. Understanding the effect and risks of environmental hazard materials in the laser therapy of skin is interesting which can show useful or harmful role of these effects in therapies. In this study, the effect of low-level laser therapy was investigated on benzene-induced cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblast cells (HU02). Human skin fibroblast cells (HU02) were exposed to various concentrations of benzene (0-100μg/mL) and incubated for 2h. Then the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at 660-nm wavelength with 3J/cm2 energy for 90s was investigated on the viability of the cells exposed to benzene using MTT assay and inverted light microscope. The effect of low-level laser therapy on the viability of the cells was positive at concentrations 0-15μg/mL but negative at higher concentrations than 15μg/mL. Low-level laser therapy in low concentrations of benzene decreases the cytotoxicity caused by benzene and maintains cell viability. At high concentrations and in the presence of low-level laser therapy, the cell viability decreased compared to dark experiment. The morphology study of the cells using inverted light microscopy has confirmed the MTT results.

Comparison of the Effects of Dry Needling and Low-Level Laser on the Latent Trigger Points of Upper Trapezius

Background and Aims: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most frequent causes of chronic musculoskeletal pain which is characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Hence, it is of crucial importance to identify practical approaches for the treatment of these points. Upper trapezius muscle (UT) is highly susceptible to the development of MTrPs that are commonly resulted from overuse and micro-trauma. In this regard, the present study aimed to compare the effects of dry needling (DN) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) regarding the reduction of pain and muscle thickness and improvement of the range of motion (ROM) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in patients with latent MTrPs (LTrPs) in their UT muscles. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 patients with LTrPs in UT muscle participated in this randomized clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into two treatment groups of DN and LLLT. The PPT was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and algometer while ROM and muscle thickness were assessed using goniometer and ultrasonography, respectively. It should be noted that the variables were evaluated before the first and after the sixth sessions. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. Results: Based on the results, the VAS and muscle thickness significantly reduced, while the PPT and cervical ROM increased in both groups after treatment (P&lt;0.001). The independent t-test revealed a statistically significant improvement in the DN group in terms of PPT (9.9-14.17, P=0.009) and ROM (37.33-42.67, p=0.005), compared to the LLLT group. Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding VAS and muscle thickness variables (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The DN and LLLT effectively improved symptoms in the UT muscles of patients with LTrPs. However, the DN was more effective in the improvement of ROM and PPT variables.

The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on controlling pain and discomfort during separator placement before fixation of orthodontic appliances

Background: Pain and discomfort are the most common sequel of orthodontic treatment both before and after separator placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain and discomfort control during separator placement before orthodontic fixed appliance placement. Materials and Methods: A single-blind, split-mouth clinical trial with a sample size of six patients (12 half mouths as cases where three positions on the buccal side of each tooth lased by the power of 1 Watt diode laser before orthodontic separator placement, while the other 12 teeth acted as control where separators were placed without laser application. Assessment of pain and discomfort was done by visual analog scale. The results of pain intensity and discomfort between the study group (EG) and the control group (CG) were compared by t-test and ANOVA, and the level of significance was set at a level at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The majority of the laser group experienced pain during chewing (85.70%) and most of them change their food habits (66.70%). In most of the lased cases (70%), pain intensity increased after 72 h, while among the control cases; it increased after 24 h (83.40%). There was a statistically significant difference in pain degree among the laser group at different time intervals (P = 0.05), while on the control group, statistically significant difference was found at baseline immediately after placement of orthodontic separator (P = 0.05). The majority of the patients' followed the instructions and did not take any medication to decrease pain intensity (66.70%). Conclusion: LLLT was effective in decreasing pain and discomfort during elastic separator placement for orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

Effect of low-level laser therapy on wound healing after gingivectomy

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is based on the principle of biostimulation or biomodulation effect. LLLT after gingivectomy has resulted in better wound healing because of its action on collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and growth factor release. The authors here present a case report on the effect of LLLT, using a diode laser (InGaAsP), on wound healing and patient's response after scalpel gingivectomy.

Oxidative stress is involved in LLLT mechanism of action on skin healing in rats

The skin injury healing process involves the main phases of homoeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on hematological dynamics, oxidative stress markers, and its relation with tissue healing following skin injury. Wistar rats were divided into control, sham, skin injury, and skin injury LLLT. The biochemical and morphological analyses were performed in the inflammatory (1 and 3 days) and regenerative phases (7, 14, and 21 days) following injury. The skin injury was performed in the dorsal region, between the intrascapular lines, using a surgical punch. LLLT (Al-Ga-In-P, λ=660 nm, energy density of 20 J/cm2, 30 mW power, and a time of 40 s) was applied at the area immediately after injury and on every following day according to the experimental subgroups. LLLT maintained hematocrit and hemoglobin levels until the 3rd day of treatment. Surprisingly, LLLT increased total leukocytes levels compared to control until the 3rd day. The effects of LLLT on mitochondrial activity were demonstrated by the significant increase in MTT levels in both inflammatory and regenerative phases (from the 1st to the 7th day), but only when associated with skin injury. The results indicated that LLLT modulated the inflammatory response intensity and accelerated skin tissue healing by a mechanism that involved oxidative damage reduction mostly at early stages of skin healing (inflammatory phase).

Effect of low-level laser therapy on the membrane induced by the Masquelet technique at an orthotopic site in rabbits.

ABSTRACTPurpose:To evaluate the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the membrane induced by the Masquelet technique in rabbits.Methods:Twelve Norfolk rabbits at approximately 3 months of age were used. A 1-cm segmental defect was induced in both radii, which were filled with polymethylmethacrylate cylinder. LLLT was used postoperatively in the bone defect of one of the forelimbs every 48 hours for 15 days. Six rabbits were euthanatized on third and sixth postoperative weeks.Results:In both forelimbs, radiographs showed new bone growth from radius cut ends on the third postoperative week and more advanced stage on the sixth postoperative week. Ultrasound showed induced membrane one week after the surgery. Histologically, there were no significant differences in the semi-quantitative score of inflammation intensity, total number of blood vessels, bone metaplasia, and collagen. The average thicknesses were 2,050.17 and 1,451.96 μm for control membranes and 2,724.26 and 2,081.03 μm for irradiated membranes, respectively, on third and sixth postoperative weeks. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) expression were present in the induced membranes of control and irradiated forelimbs, but there was no significant difference.Conclusions:Based on assessment methods, it was not possible to demonstrate the effect of LLLT on the induced membrane.

Treatment Process for Neuropathy Involving Science-Based Clinical Research and Medical Technology Combinations

we will demonstrate the ability of multiple and specific alternative medical technologies used in combination that support the body’s natural ability to repair peripheral nerves in neuropathy patients. This paper looks to review currently known biological foundations for the regenerative effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy, Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy, Infrared and Near Infrared Therapy, and Nutritional Protocols to demonstrate the significant potential to repair peripheral nerve injuries. There is favorable evidence to expand functional recovery in diverse types of peripheral nerve injuries. The conclusion from this study indicates using a specific combination of technologies that scientifically enhances the body’s ability to repair nerves is more effective in helping patients with neuropathies than the normal standard of care.

Low-level laser therapy with 670 nm alleviates diabetic retinopathy in an experimental model

Purpose:To evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the retina with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods:Eight Wistar rats were used as a control group, and 64 rats were injected intraperitoneally with 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin to induce diabetes and served as a diabetic group. After the establishment of the DR, the rats were separated into (a) 32 rats with DR; did not receive any treatment, (b) 32 rats with DR were exposed to 670 nm LLLT for 6 successive weeks (2 sessions/week). The retinal protein was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and histological examination.Results:LLLT improved retinal proteins such as neurofilament (NF) proteins (200 KDa, 160 KDa, and 86 KDa), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (46 KDa). Moreover, the percentage changes in TAC were 46.8% (P < 0.001), 14.5% (P < 0.01), 4.8% and 1.6% (P > 0.05), and in H2O2, they were 30% (P < 0.001), 25% (P < 0.001), 20% (P < 0.01), and 5% (P > 0.05) after 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, compared with the control. DR displayed swelling and disorganization in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and photoreceptors, congestion of the capillaries in the nerve fiber layer, thickening of the endothelial cells’ capillaries, and edema of the outer segment of the photoreceptors layer. The improvement of the retinal structure was achieved after LLLT.Conclusion:LLLT could modulate retinal proteins such as NSE and NFs, improve the RGCs, photoreceptors, and reduce the oxidative stress that originated in the retina from diabetes-induced DR.

Short-term comparison of the 660 and 830 nm laser in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction – a randomized clinical trial

Introduction. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), 660nm laser with 830nm, in temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Aim. To compare the effect of LLLT 660 nm and 830 nm in treatment of TMD. Material and methods. This is a randomized clinical study, composed of 30 volunteers with TMDs selected and divided into three groups: LLLT 660nm, LLLT 830nm and Sham. After the intervention, the results were reevaluated with the Fonseca anamnestic questionnaire (FAQ), American Academy of Orofacial Pain Questionnaire (AAOPQ), McGill Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale. Results. Analysis of the results showed that, although all groups had reduced values in the FAQ, only the laser groups presented alterations in the level of classification; for AAOPQ, only the treatment groups had a reduction in the positive responses, variables, the reduction was similar for all groups. Conclusion. LLLT produced a reduction in severity of symptoms but was like the sham for pain.

Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on Rapid Palatal Expansion: A randomized Clinical-controlled Trial

Background: Maxillary transverse deficiency treatment during puberty is one of the main orthopedic treatments performed in an orthodontic clinic. The aim of any orthopedic maxillary expander is to increase the skeletal effect with limit the side effects on the dentition. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in orthodontics to accelerate tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of LLLT on the rate of bone-borne maxillary expansion. Methodology: A sample of 24 female patients with transverse maxillary deficiency and bilateral posterior crossbite (age range 10-13 years old) were included in this study. The sample was divided into two groups: Group I: Bone-bone palatal expansion only and Group II: Bone-borne palatal expansion with LLLT. During the 15 days of active palatal expansion, a digital gauge was used to measure the midline diastema, inter-canine, inter-premolar and inter-molar width every day. The results were then used to compare between the two groups in order to study the effect of LLLT on the rate of expansion. Results: A midline diastema started to appear within the 7th to 10th day of expansion. A statistically significant increase was noticed in the inter-canine and inter-premolar width in the first and third day of expansion. Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy caused a significant increase in the rate of inter-canine and inter-premolar width on the first and third day of the expansion phase.