Effect Of Irrigation Research Articles

Divergence of nutrients, salt accumulation, bacterial community structure and diversity in soil after 8years of flood irrigation with surface water and groundwater.

Irrigation with saline groundwater has become necessary to overcome freshwater scarcity in the agricultural industry in arid areas. However, the effects of long-term saline groundwater irrigation on soil salinity and bacterial diversity have rarely been examined. In this study, a Lycium ruthenicum field was divided into two parts and subjected to flooding irrigation with saline groundwater (pH 7.81, total salinity 0.95g L-1) and surface water (pH 7.76, total salinity 0.36g L-1) for 8years. After 8years of irrigation, the soil salinity and salt ion content (i.e., Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and CO32-) in the groundwater irrigation group were significantly greater than those in the surface water irrigation group (p < 0.001), with notable accumulation in the topsoil (0-5cm) (p < 0.01). The bacterial community structure differed between the surface water and groundwater irrigation groups. Salt-tolerant bacterial groups (e.g., Balneolaceae and Halomonadaceae) and species (e.g., the marine bacterium JK1007, the bacterium YC-LK-LKJ35, and Methylohalomonas lacus) dominated in the groundwater irrigation environment. Additionally, bacterial communities were associated primarily with soil salt ions (RV = 0.66, p < 0.001). The characteristic bacterial taxa in long-term groundwater irrigation soils were salt-tolerant species (e.g., the marine bacterium JK1007, the bacterium YC-LK-LKJ35, and Methylohalomonas lacus). These findings suggest that salinity is the key factor driving differences in bacterial community structure between long-term groundwater and surface water irrigation. The long-term use of surface water and groundwater for irrigation has different impacts on soil environments, with groundwater irrigation having a more pronounced negative effect. Highlights. The long-term effects of this practice on soil salt accumulation and bacterial diversity were examined. This study provides potential applications for sustainable land management in similar ecological contexts. Groundwater irrigation is characterized by saline-tolerant keystone species. Salinity filtering was used to determine the pattern of bacterial community construction.

Evaluation of Chickpea Production under Different Management of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Background: Chickpea is a prominent leguminous crop cultivated in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region. Historically, it is planted during the spring season as a rainfed crop in the area, characterized by its unpredictable and frequently inadequate precipitation. Methods: To examine the impact of various levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield components of the Adel cultivar of chickpea, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm in Jolgeh Rokh District in Torbat-e Heydarieh (35.19 N, 59.45E) throughout the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The experimental treatments included three levels of nitrogen: 30, 75 and 150 kg ha-1 as urea fertilizer. The irrigation was applied at three levels: full irrigation, one supplementary irrigation at the flowering stage and two supplementary irrigations at the flowering and pod filling stages. The studied traits included grain yield, biological yield, the number of pods per plant, and the number of seeds per pod. Result: Our results showed that different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of seeds per pod, pods per plant and biological and grain yield. The interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer was significant for all studied traits. In this study, the interaction between the full irrigation treatment and 75 kg N ha-1 resulted in a significant increase in all traits (except biological yield) compared to other treatments. Furthermore, one irrigation at the flowering stage with 150 kg N ha-1 caused a significant decrease in all of the studied traits. The combination of full irrigation and 150 kg N ha-1 treatment had the highest biological yield (8.9 t ha-1), while its grain yield was 1854 kg ha-1. Therefore, by maintaining moisture levels during the critical period of chickpea growth and utilizing balanced nutritional levels, particularly nitrogen at rates of 30 and 75 kg ha-1, the yield of chickpea can be increased.

Effect of Irrigation and Foliar Nutrition on Yield and Economics of Rice Fallow Blackgram

The present investigation, entitled “Effect of Irrigation and Foliar Nutrition on Yield and Economics of rice fallow blackgram” was carried out at the Agricultural College Farm, Naira, during the rabi season of 2023-24. The experiment was laid out in Strip-plot design with 3 main plots viz., M1- No Irrigation; M2-Irrigation at flower initiation and M3-Two irrigations one at flower initiation one at early pod development and 4 Sub Plots viz., S1- water spray; S2- 1%19:19:19(NPK); S3-2% Urea; S4-2% DAP; S5-4 ml Nano urea; S6-3ml Nano DAP with two replications for each treatment. The results showed that irrigation at flower initiation and early pod development stage and foliar spray of 2% DAP at flower initiation and early pod development stage recorded maximum seed yield, haulm yield and economics.

Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Spring Wheat Lignification Process, Yield Productivity and Stalk Strength

Moderate deficit irrigation can improve lignin metabolism, thereby increasing wheat yield and lodging resistance. The moisture-sensitive variety Xinchun 22 (XC22) and drought-resistant variety Xinchun 6 (XC6) were used as experimental materials. We set mild drought (T1, J1 and 60–65% FC, where FC is the field capacity) and moderate drought (T2, J2 and 45–50% FC) during the tillering stage (T) and the jointing stage (J). We used conventional drip irrigation as a control (CK and 75–80% FC). The results show that the activity of lignin synthesis-related enzymes decreased with the growth process, while the accumulation and monomer content of lignin increased under different water treatments. The lignin metabolism and morphological characteristics of XC6 were higher than those of XC22. Under the same processing conditions, the indicators of XC22 showed more significant changes and were more sensitive to changes in the moisture content. Compared with other treatments, the stem thickness and wall thickness of the J1 treatment increased by 0.86–23.49% and 1.72–23.58%. The yield of the T1 treatment was the highest, increasing by 3.05–44.06% compared to other treatments. In addition, by improving PAL, H-type lignin monomers, S-type lignin monomers, stem thickness and lignin metabolism, grain yield can be increased. After mild drought during the jointing stage, J1 significantly improved the lignin metabolism capacity of the stem, increased stem thickness and wall thickness, and was beneficial for improving lodging resistance. The T1 treatment favored the improvement of the production capacity of assimilates, thus promoting a high yield of spring wheat.

The Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application on the Water and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat in the North China Plain

The Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application on the Water and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat in the North China Plain

The Effectiveness of Triton Used With XP-3D Adaptive Files and Active Irrigation on Smear Layer Removal During Root Canal Preparation: A Qualitative Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Study.

Standard irrigating protocols during root canal treatment call for the use of sodium hypochlorite during chemo-mechanical preparation, followed by final irrigation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This study determined the effectiveness of a new irrigant, Triton (Brasseler, USA), on smear layer removal during root canal treatment compared to that of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and CanalPro EDTA 17% (Coltene). Twenty-one extracted anterior teeth were prepared for root canal treatment. The teeth were divided into three groups: five teeth were used as control with saline as the irrigant, eight teeth with sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA as irrigants, and eight teeth with Triton as the irrigant. Root canal preparation was done using the XP-3D shaper and finisher files (Brasseler, USA) for all teeth with respective irrigants. A single operator performed all root canal treatment procedures. The teeth were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and analysis was performed by a second investigator. The smear layer removal was qualitatively assessed to determine the effectiveness of irrigants. Smear layer removal was most effective for teeth irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, followed by 17% EDTA (Group B). Teeth irrigated with Triton (Group A) showed a similar appearance to the hypochlorite/EDTA group but with isolated instances of inter-tubular debris. Sodium hypochlorite use followed by a final rinse with EDTA remains the gold standard for the removal of the smear layer created during canal instrumentation.

Effect of irrigations on the basis of IW/CPE under sprinkler system on quality, yield and economics of potato

Effect of irrigations on the basis of IW/CPE under sprinkler system on quality, yield and economics of potato

Glycine betaine application improved seed cotton yield and economic returns under deficit irrigation

BackgroundDeficit irrigation exerts devastating effects on the productivity and economic returns of cotton crop, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) emission form soil. Osmolytes play a significant role in facilitating the adaptation of cotton plants to abiotic stresses and improve productivity. MethodsThis study investigated the effects of different osmolytes (glycine betaine, ascorbic acid, salicylic acid 100 mg L−1 each) and deficit irrigation (50 %-I50, 75 %-I75, 100 %-I100) on seed cotton yield, greenhouse gas emission (CO2-C), emission factor (EFs) and economic returns of cotton in Southern Anatolia, Türkiye. ResultsDeficit irrigation and osmolyte treatment, both separately and in combination, had a substantial impact on seed cotton yield, CO2-C emission and EFs. The lowest (3800 kg ha−1) and the highest (4746 kg ha−1) seed cotton yield was noted under I50, and I100 treatments, respectively. Similarly, no osmolyte application and application of glycine betaine resulted in the lowest (4097 kg ha−1) and the highest (4545 kg ha−1) seed cotton yield, respectively. The interactive effect indicated that application of glycine betaine and salicylic acid produced better yield than control treatment under all irrigation treatments. The lowest (1.55) and the highest (1.94 mg) CO2-C emission (mg CO2-C m−2 h−1) was recorded for I50, and I100 treatments respectively. Likewise, the lowest (1.52) and the highest (2.19) daily carbon emission were recorded for salicylic acid and glycine betaine application, respectively. The lowest and the highest EFs values were observed for glycine betaine and ascorbic acid application, respectively. Application of glycine betaine resulted in the highest economic returns under all irrigation treatments which was comparable to salicylic acid, whereas the lower economic returns were recorded for control treatment. ConclusionIt is concluded that application of glycine betaine can be used to improve seed cotton yield and economic returns under deficit irrigation. Similarly, glycine betaine proved helpful in reducing CO2-C emission under deficit irrigation compared to normal irrigation.

Thoracic irrigation for prevention of secondary intervention after thoracostomy tube drainage for hemothorax: A Western Trauma Association multicenter study.

Retained hemothorax (rHTX) requiring intervention occurs in up to 20% of patients who undergo chest tube (TT) placement for a hemothorax (HTX). Thoracic irrigation at the time of TT placement decreases the need for secondary intervention in this patient group but those findings are limited because of the single-center design. A multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of thoracic irrigation. A multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted between June 2018 and July 2023. Eleven sites contributed patients. Patients were included if they had a TT placed for a HTX and were excluded if: younger than 18 years, TT for pneumothorax, thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery performed within 6 hours of TT, TT >24 hours after injury, TT removed <24 hours, or death within 48 hours. Thoracic irrigation was performed at the discretion of the attending. Each hemithorax was considered separately if bilateral HTX. The primary outcome was secondary intervention for HTX-related complications (rHTX, effusion, or empyema). Secondary intervention was defined as: TT placement, instillation of thrombolytics, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, or thoracotomy. Irrigated and nonirrigated hemithoraces were compared using a propensity weighted analysis with age, sex, mechanism of injury, Abbreviated Injury Scale chest, and TT size as predictors. Four hundred ninety-three patients with 462 treated hemothoraces were included, 123 (25%) had thoracic irrigation at TT placement. There were no significant demographic differences between the cohorts. Fifty-seven secondary interventions were performed, 10 (8%) and 47 (13%) in the irrigated and non-irrigated groups, respectively ( p = 0.015). Propensity weighted analysis demonstrated a reduction in secondary interventions in the irrigated cohort (odds ratio, 0.56 (0.34-0.85); p = 0.005). This Western Trauma Association multicenter study demonstrates a benefit of thoracic irrigation at the time of TT placement for a HTX. Thoracic irrigation reduces the odds of a secondary intervention for rHTX-related complications by 44%. Therapeutic/Care Management; Level II.

Effect of Antiseptic Irrigation with 0.05% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Irrisept) on the Incidence of Cutibacterium acnes in Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty

Effect of Antiseptic Irrigation with 0.05% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Irrisept) on the Incidence of Cutibacterium acnes in Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty

Effectiveness of Wound Irrigation Using Hypochlorous Acid Liquid on Healing of Diabetic Foot Wounds

Background: Wound cleansing is crucial in wound healing, depending on the method and type of solution used. Hypochlorous Acid is one of the wound irrigation options that can be applied in this process. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of wound irrigation using Hypochlorous Acid (HOCL) on diabetic foot wound healing. Methods: This quantitative research employs a quasi-experimental design, involving 13 diabetic foot wound patients selected through total sampling. Interventions were conducted over five weeks, totaling ten sessions. The Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BJWAT) was utilized to assess wound healing, and data were analyzed using SPSS 25, applying paired T-tests to evaluate pre-and post-intervention differences. Results: A statistically significant improvement in diabetic foot wound healing was observed, marked by a p-value = 0.000, highlighting the potential of HOCL in promoting effective wound healing. Conclusion: HOCL wound irrigation significantly enhances diabetic foot wound healing

Effect of Vegetation Growth, Agricultural Irrigation and Climatic Variability on Streamflow in Wujiang, China

Vegetation restoration and farmland irrigation are important environmental factors affecting the water cycle process in basins. Analyzing the impact of vegetation restoration and farmland irrigation on runoff is an international frontier and hot topic in current research, which is crucial for the management and protection of water resources, especially for the ecological protection and high-quality development of basins. Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), effective irrigated area (EIA), and meteorology and hydrology data for Wujiang River (WJR), this research aims to quantitatively calculate the influence degree of vegetation recovery, agricultural irrigation, and climatic variability on discharge alteration in WJR. First, Mann–Kendall and Pettitt approaches were used for recognizing the mutation year of streamflow data at Wulong station from 1982 to 2015. Then, a corrective Budyko model was built by constructing multiple linear regression equations for the NDVI, climate factors, EIA, and Budyko parameters. Finally, the corrective Budyko model was adopted to reveal how vegetation restoration, agri-cultural irrigation, and climate variation influence discharge alteration in WJR. The results showed the following: (1) Both runoff depth (R) and rainfall (Pr) exhibited a non-significant de-clining tendency, while potential evapotranspiration (ET0) demonstrated a non-significant in-creasing tendency. The NDVI and EIA both demonstrated a notable upward tendency (p&lt;0.01). (2) The mutation year of discharge in WJR was 2004. (3) The underlying surface parameters ω have a strong correlation with vegetation, agricultural irrigation, and climate factors. (4) The contribution of rainfall (Pr), potential evapotranspiration (ET0), NDVI, EIA, and human activities to runoff depth in WJR were 57.34%, 24.67%, -11.75%, 11.71%, and 18.02%, respectively. This re-search is helpful for elucidating the effects of ecological construction measures and agricultural irrigation on streamflow in WJR, and offers great scientific significance and practical value for understanding the evolution mechanism of water circulation and for managing regional water resources.

Effect of Drought Stress During Seed Development on Charcoal Rot and Yield of Soybean.

The primary controls for charcoal rot in soybean, caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, are to avoid drought stress and to plant a moderately resistant cultivar. The effects of irrigation and cultivar were determined in 2011 and 2013 at the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station, Marianna, AR. Four soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, Osage, Ozark, and R01581F) were planted in plots with or without added M. phaseolina inoculum and subjected to three furrow irrigation regimes: full-season irrigation (Full), irrigation terminated at R5 (CutR5), and nonirrigated (NonIrr). Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was measured at R3 and R6. At harvest, plants and yields were collected. Roots and stems were split and the extent of visible colonization by M. phaseolina microsclerotia was assessed in the roots with a 1 to 5 scale (RSS) and the percent plant height stem discoloration measured. Precipitation in September and October was 54 and 65% below the 30-year average in 2011 and 2013, respectively. The CutR5 irrigation treatment resulted in one less irrigation than Full each year, but CutR5 NDVIs at R6 and yields were significantly lower than those with Full and not significantly different from those of NonIrr. The CutR5 RSS ratings were greater than either Full or NonIrr. Plant colonization by M. phaseolina was negatively correlated to yield in 2011 but not in 2013. No premature plant death caused by charcoal rot was observed in either year. These results indicated that late-season drought stress may be more important to charcoal rot development than drought stress throughout the season, but other factors are needed to trigger early plant death and subsequent yield losses observed in grower fields.

Compound effects of biochar application and irrigation on soil water and temperature transport

The issue of soil salinization poses a significant barrier to sustainable agricultural development, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Finding methods to enhance the quality of salinized soils while conserving water resources has become a pressing challenge. In arid and semi-arid environments, conserving water resources while maintaining soil health is a critical challenge. This study, conducted from 2021 to 2023, aimed to explore the combined effects of irrigation and biochar application on soil physicochemical properties, such as bulk density, porosity, and pH, as well as on Weighted Plane Soil Water Storage (WPSWS), soil temperature, and soil water evaporation. The experimental design included four irrigation levels, based on actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc): I1 (0.6 ETc), I2 (0.8 ETc), I3 (1.0 ETc), and I4 (1.2 ETc), coupled with four amounts of biochar application (AOBA) of 0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1, designated as C0, C10, C20, and C30, respectively. Through binary quadratic regression analysis, we sought to identify the optimal combination of irrigation amount and AOBA for enhancing soil quality. The results revealed that as AOBA increased from 10 to 30 t ha−1, soil bulk density decreased by 1.31–8.58% and soil pH by 0.23–1.31%. However, higher levels of AOBA adversely affected WPSWS, with the C10 treatment showing the maximum improvement in WPSWS, registering an average increase of 6.77, 7.49, and 11.16% compared to the C0, C20, and C30 treatments, respectively. We observed that an increase in irrigation amount significantly elevated accumulated soil evaporation (ASE) and WPSWS but led to a reduction in accumulated soil temperature (AST). The most notable soil quality improvements were recorded when irrigation levels were between 340 and 380 mm and AOBA ranged from 10 to 25 t ha−1. This study provides insights into the effective combination of biochar application and irrigation for optimizing soil resilience, thereby offering a sustainable approach to soil management in water-limited environments.

Precision drip Irrigation System and Foliar Application of Biostimulant and Fertilizers Containing Micronutrients Optimize Photochemical Efficiency and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L)

Abstract Asymmetric drought propagation and depletion of soil nutrients threaten cereal crop productivity worldwide, calling for the application of validated agronomic practices to curtail their effect on crop production. This study evaluated the effect of precision drip irrigation, biostimulant, and micronutrients application on photochemical efficiency and yield of maize.An experiment laid in a randomized complete block design with irrigation and water stress was established in 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at the experimental area of the University of Debrecen. Other treatments included T1 (non-microbial biostimulant from plant origin), T2 (zinc based chemical fertilizer), T3 (boron and molybdenum based chemical fertilizer), and T4 (control). Data was collected on steady-state fluorescence (F’), maximal fluorescence (Fm’), quantum photosynthetic yield or efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII or Y(II)), electron transport rate (ETR), and grain yield and yield components. Precision drip irrigation significantly optimized ΦPSII, ETR, cob weight, number of seeds per cob, weight of 1000 seeds and grain yield. The biostimulant and micronutrients optimized Fm’, ΦPSII, and ETR at VT and R2 growth stages. Regardless of the water management regime, T1, T2 and T3 seasonally optimized grain yield. Between water management regimes, biostimulant had the highest yield optimization effect under precision drip irrigation in the season with elevated water stress.Optimum photochemical efficiency and grain yield is achievable through precision drip irrigation, biostimulant, and micronutrient application. However, further research involving 2–3 application times at critical stages of maize under precision drip irrigation and/or combined application of these treatments at season specific precision drip irrigation is required.

Phosphorus Supply Under Micro-Nano Bubble Water Drip Irrigation Enhances Maize Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency.

This study aimed to explore the combined effects of micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation and different phosphorus (P) application rates (P0: 0 kg·hm-2; P1: 86 kg·hm-2; P2: 172 kg·hm-2; P3: 258 kg·hm-2) on maize growth, soil phosphorus dynamics, and phosphorus use efficiency to optimize irrigation and P fertilizer use efficiency. Through a field column experiment, the impact of micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation on maize plant height, stem diameter, leaf SPAD values, biomass, and yield was evaluated. The results showed that (1) irrigation methods significantly affected maize growth indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, and root dry weight. Micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation consistently promoted growth during all growth stages, especially under higher P application. (2) P application significantly increased the dry weight and P concentration in maize roots, stems, leaves, ears, and grains. Under micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation, the P concentrations in roots and grains increased by 59.28% to 92.59%. (3) Micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation significantly enhanced P uptake efficiency, partial factor productivity of P, and agronomic P use efficiency. Particularly under P1 and P2 treatments, the increases were 134.91% and 45.42%, respectively. Although the effect on apparent P recovery efficiency was relatively small, micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation still improved P utilization under moderate P levels. (4) Structural equation modeling indicated that P supply under micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation primarily regulated alkaline protease and alkaline phosphatase, enhancing soil P availability, which in turn promoted maize P accumulation and increased yield. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the combination of micro-nano bubble water drip irrigation and appropriate P application can effectively promote maize growth and nutrient utilization, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing irrigation and fertilization strategies in maize production.

Synergistic Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilisation on Maize Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Rainfed Systems in Drought‐Prone Environments

ABSTRACTMaize, a cereal crop of global significance, encounters cultivation challenges in the subtropical regions of Guangxi, mainly due to variable rainfall and low soil fertility, exacerbating the effects of drought. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on overcoming these challenges and improving maize growth and yield. Between 2020 and 2021, a split‐plot experiment was conducted. The main plots were assigned to two irrigation treatments: irrigated and rainfed. Within each main plot, subplots were treated with different nitrogen levels (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha−1). The results showed that nitrogen levels and water regime significantly impacted several key factors, including the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), carbon‐metabolising enzymes and total carbon (TC) content accumulation. Under drought‐like rainfed conditions, the application of nitrogen, RN300 (rainfed application nitrogen 300 kg ha−1), IN250 (irrigated application nitrogen 250 kg ha−1) significantly enhanced the Pn (10.0%), Tr (3.17%), Ci (3.41%) and Gs (2.6%). Additionally, PAR was significantly influenced by the water regime and nitrogen levels. Under IN250, the capture ratio (Ca) increased (2.36%), while the penetration ratio (Pe) and reflectance ratio (Re) decreased by 13.12% and 46.36%, respectively, compared to RN300. The levels of carbon metabolism enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and the TC content were higher under RN300 compared to IN250; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Path analysis revealed that thousand kernel weight had the most significant impact on yield under both water regimes. The effect was stronger under irrigated conditions, with a path coefficient of 0.647, compared to 0.459 under rainfed conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that plant height (0.938), stem diameter (0.906), ear diameter (0.928) and ear length (0.803) were positively correlated with nitrogen levels. In conclusion, maize under IN250 exhibited superior photosynthetic performance and carbon accumulation. This suggests that balanced irrigation and nitrogen management can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of drought on maize, optimising growth and yield sustainably.

Agricultural Irrigation Exacerbates Humid Heat Stress in the Mid‐Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

AbstractMassive irrigation across eastern China (EC) could reduce extreme heat by altering energy and water budgets. However, the irrigation effect on increasing humidity has often been missed, especially in humid regions, leaving its effect and mechanism on extreme humid heat (EHH) poorly characterized. We analyzed assemblies of observations and performed regional simulations with more detailed irrigation scheme to explore the irrigation impacts and potential mechanisms on EHH. We find that irrigation in EC, despite having a cooling effect of about 0.2–0.6C, leads to an increase of about 0.4–0.8C in EHH, with a more intense impact on the Middle‐Lower Yangtze Plain (MLYP) by 0.9C. Cooling effect induced by increased latent heat fluxes through irrigation contributes to air deposition, which lowers boundary layer height, raises near‐surface moist enthalpy, and ultimately exacerbates the EHH. Results mechanistically emphasized irrigation impacts on EHH and highlighted the necessity of improving irrigation modeling reality.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization and micro-sprinkler irrigation on soil water and nitrogen contents, their productivities, bulb yield and economics of winter onion production

Effects of nitrogen fertilization and micro-sprinkler irrigation on soil water and nitrogen contents, their productivities, bulb yield and economics of winter onion production

Effect of Conservation Tillage and Irrigation on Soil Water Content, Shoot-Root Growth Parameters and Yield in Maize (Zea mays)-Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping Sequence

Effect of Conservation Tillage and Irrigation on Soil Water Content, Shoot-Root Growth Parameters and Yield in Maize (Zea mays)-Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping Sequence