Effects Of Irrigation Volume Research Articles

Effect of irrigation mode, volume, medium and drill on heat generation during implant surgery: A review

To avoid thermal necrosis has always remained a challenge during trauma and orthopaedic (T&O) surgeries. Use of different coolants of liquid form like water, saline and gaseous form like Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are frequently used for the same. Though the factors responsible for temperature control related to drilling process like drilling parameters and drill specifications are important, the contribution of coolant in temperature control cannot be underrated. In this review work, the different aspects related to coolant supply like 1) effects of saline and water on different bone defects, 2) comparative effectiveness of internal coolant flow through step drill and conventional drill, 3) effects of irrigation volume and 4) significance of without cooling, external liquid cooling and internal gas cooling on temperature rise is made. The results show that, whereas, carbon dioxide is having specific heat capacity of 0.846 kJ/ kg-K and of nitrogen gas it is1.04 kJ/kg-K and of water it is 4.18 kJ/kg- K. So water solution has an improved cooling capacity than both of the gases CO2 and N2. But gases can be directly injected at the location of chip formation and so they also proved as a worthy alternative.

Effect of Irrigation Volume on Biomass and Nutritional Value of Zea mays L. as Green Hydroponic Forage

Objective: To evaluate the effect of irrigation water volume on biomass production andto quantify the nutritional value of green hydroponic maize forage (GHMF) for sheep.Design/Methodology/Approach: Three treatments were used to evaluate waterirrigation volume: T1) 9.48 L m 2 day -1 ; T2) 18.95 L m 2 day -1 ; and T3) 28.43 L m 2 day -1 ,employing a completely randomized statistical block design. To determine nutritionalvalue, four inclusion levels of GHMF were used (0,20.40, 60% BS) in the diet of 16sheep. A completely randomized statistical design was used as well as a linearregression model.Results: A greater weight in fresh biomass of GHMF was observed with T3 (P<0.01).The values of apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF of GHMF oscillatebetween 80 and 89%. The estimated digestible energy was 3.9 megacalories/kg DM.Study Limitations/Implications: Forage production in the dry tropics is characterizedby being markedly seasonal; however, GHMF represents a viable alternative for therapid and sustainable production of forage with high nutritional value for animals.Findings/Conclusions: The greatest yields in fresh biomass of green hydroponicmaize forage are obtained by using a greater volume of irrigation water. Likewise, the forage has high nutritional value for sheep, with considerable delivery of digestibleenergy, thus it can be used as an excellent source of forage in animal feeding.

Effect of Irrigation volume on Ions Content in Root Zone in Soilless Culture of Tomato Plant Using Coir Substrate

Effect of Irrigation volume on Ions Content in Root Zone in Soilless Culture of Tomato Plant Using Coir Substrate

Effects of Irrigation Volume and Saline Water On Maize Yield and Soil in Southern Italy

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in southern Italy to investigate the effects of irrigation and salinity on a maize crop and soil properties. The experiment was laid out comparing different irrigation rates (I1, I2, I3—re‐establishing 50, 75 and 100% of the calculated maximum evapotranspiration) and water quality (FW, fresh water and SW, saline water).Grain yield was significantly greater by 60% in 2008 than in 2010. No significant difference was shown for grain yield between the irrigation treatments, whereas water productivity decreased significantly with increasing irrigation rates. Irrigation with saline water did not significantly reduce grain yield compared with fresh water, but it improved grain quality with higher protein content (9.1%) and lower grain moisture percentage (13.3%).Saline water determined a significant increase of saturated soil paste extract Na, ECe, SAR, some exchangeable cations and ESP compared with FW in both years. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment these parameters were lower than those at the end of the first maize crop. Lastly, in the saline treatment, at the end of the trial, the ECe and ESP values were below the critical threshold for soil salinization and/or sodification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effects of Irrigation Volume and Nitrogen Fertilization on Redglobe and Michele Palieri Table-Grape Cultivars

The effects of water management and nitrogen fertilization, on yield, quality, and sensory profile of the red table-grape cultivars Redglobe and Michele Palieri were studied. Two irrigation volumes (1000 and 2000 m³/ha) and two nitrogen levels (120 and 180 kg/ha) were imposed. The effects of these parameters were cultivar-dependent. For Redglobe, irrigation resulted in significant increases in soluble solids and titratable acidity and significant decreases in resistance to compression and resistance to penetration. Increased nitrogen fertilization level exerted a significant effect only on titratable acidity (increased) and resistance to compression (decreased). Significant interactions between the two practices were demonstrated for soluble solids, pH, and resistance to compression. For Michele Palieri, increased irrigation resulted in significant decreases in soluble solids and resistance to penetration and significant increases in resistance to compression. Higher nitrogen caused decreases in berry weight but increases in soluble solid content and resistance to mechanical stress. Significant interactive effects were highlighted on yield, cluster weight, titratable acidity, and resistance to penetration. The lack of a significant correlation between physical/chemical and sensory results indicated that the changes induced by the agricultural practices on composition and mechanical behavior of berries were not perceptible by a trained panel.

Effects of Irrigation Volume and Frequency on Shrub Establishment in Florida

Abstract Irrigation frequency and volume effects were evaluated on recently installed #3 container grown shrubs of three taxa, Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. ‘Burfordii Nana’, Pittosporum tobira Thunb. ‘Variegata’, and Viburnum odorotissimum Ker Gawl. Irrigation frequency and volume had no effect on Pittosporum at any time for any measured root or shoot parameter. Irrigation frequency and volume had no effect on Ilex and Viburnum canopy biomass, root biomass, root dry weight:canopy dry weight ratio, and stem water potential at any time after planting. Canopy growth was affected by irrigation treatment only for Viburnum plants installed in May 2004, and growth response to more frequent irrigation only occurred while plants were irrigated, with no lasting impact on growth once irrigation ceased. Root spread and root spread:canopy spread ratio for only one species, Ilex, were influenced by irrigation treatment. Applying excessive irrigation volume (in this case 9L) reduced root dry weight: shoot dry weight ratio for Ilex and could increase the time needed for plants to grow enough roots to survive without irrigation. Our study found only slight influences on shrub growth from the tested values of irrigation frequency and volume regardless of the time of year when data was collected. This indicates that these shrubs can be established with 3 liters irrigation applied every 4 days until roots reach the edge of the canopy under the mostly above normal rainfall conditions of this study. Applying more volume or irrigating more frequently did not increase survival or growth. Canopy growth and plant quality data combined with past research suggest that establishment of these shrub species may be more influenced by environmental conditions such as rainfall than by the irrigation frequency and volume used in this test.