Effect Of Irradiation Research Articles

Removal of Tetracycline Using Tungsten Disulfide/Graphene Oxide as Photocatalyst: Effect of Light Irradiation and Kinetic Studies

Once widely utilised in both human and veterinary medicine, tetracycline antibiotics are now recognised as major environmental pollutants with detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Concerns regarding allergic responses, gastrointestinal problems, and diseases resistant to antibiotics are raised by their persistence in soil, groundwater, and surface water. The production of a tungsten disulfide-graphene oxide nanocomposite for tetracycline degradation under varied light sources is presented in this work. The successful incorporation of tungsten disulfide on graphene oxide structures was confirmed by characterization using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). This revealed characteristic peaks for hydroxyl (3328 cm–1), carbonyl (1732 cm–1), alkene (1583 cm–1), and ether (1044 cm–1) bonds, as well as sulphur bonding (500 to 739 cm–1). With a d-spacing of 2.24 nm, the tungsten disulphide-graphene oxide nanocomposite had a strong peak at 2θ = 15.5˚corresponds to the (002) plane, as shown by X-ray diffraction. A distinctive GO peak was found at 2θ = 10.1˚, which corresponds to the plane (002). With light emitting diodes (95.67%), fluorescent lights (81.28%), and ultraviolet-visible light (88.09%), the nanocomposite in a photoreactor showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency. The better performance of the tungsten disulfide-graphene oxide nanocomposite under varying illumination circumstances, as determined by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model, presents a viable and sustainable option for tetracycline degradation in water purification. This technique tackles a long-term strategy for tetracycline photocatalytic degradation in water purification under different illumination scenarios. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Current Insights into the Role of UV Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Melanoma Pathogenesis

Cutaneous melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths, and its incidence increases each year. The growing number of melanoma cases, especially in advanced stages, poses a significant socio-medical challenge throughout the world. Extensive research on melanoma pathogenesis identifies UV radiation as the most important factor in melanocytic transformation. Oxidative effects of UV irradiation exert their influence on melanoma pathogenesis primarily through modification of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, further disrupting cellular signaling and cell cycle regulation. Its effects extend beyond melanocytes, leading to immunosuppression in the exposed skin tissue, which consequently creates conditions for immune surveillance evasion and further progression. In this review, we focus on the specific molecular changes observed in the UV-dependent oxidative stress environment and their biological consequences in the course of the disease, which have not been considered in previous reviews on melanoma. Nonetheless, data show that the exact role of oxidative stress in melanoma initiation and progression remains unclear, as it affects cancerous cells differently depending on the specific context. A better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of melanoma development holds promise for identifying potential targets, which could lead to effective melanoma prevention strategies.

The effect of gamma irradiation on the dielectric properties of polyethylene-based composites with the CdS/ZnS binary system

Polyethylene-based composites with the CdS/ZnS binary system were obtained with a component ratio of 10% CdS/ZnS; 30% CdS/ZnS; 50% CdS/ZnS. The temperature dependences of the dielectric constant (ε) and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle (tgδ) of samples of HDPE+CdS/ZnS composites irradiated with a dose of 100 kGy, 50 kGy, and 200 kGy were shown. The dependences of the dielectric constant and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of HDPE+Cds/ZnS composites on the gamma-irradiation dose have been determined.

Circumbinary Disk Spectra Irradiated by Two Central Accretion Disks in a Binary Black Hole System

We study the effect of irradiation from two accretion disks (minidisks) around respective black holes of stellar-to-intermediate masses in a circular binary on the spectrum of a circumbinary disk (CBD) surrounding them. We assume the CBD to be a standard disk and adopt the orbit-averaged irradiation flux because the viscous timescale is much longer than the orbital period. We then solve the energy equation both analytically and numerically to compute the CBD temperature distribution and the corresponding disk spectrum. We find that the analytically calculated spectra are in good agreement with the numerical ones. The CBD spectrum is almost independent of the binary mass ratio. We also find that the combined spectra of two minidisks and the CBD have double peaks, one peak in the soft X-ray band and the other in the infrared (IR) band. The former peak comes from the two minidisks, while the latter peak from the CBD. The observed flux density increases with frequency as ν 1/3 toward the soft X-ray peak, while it decreases with frequency away from the IR peak as ν −5/3. The latter feature is testable with near-IR observations with Subaru and JWST.

The Design of a PV System of a Multi-Location Large Consumer: A Case Study from Al-Balqa Applied University

This research applies the suggested photovoltaic solar system design to Jordan’s Al-Balqa Applied University. Twelve of the twenty-four college buildings are located on the main campus, while the remaining twelve remote colleges are dispersed throughout Jordan’s many geographic locations, ranging from the far north to the far south. Azimuth angle, irradiation effect, building size, location, power consumption, and student population are all taken into account in the suggested design. Additionally, in-site generation and remote-wheeling generation are two types of solar system installation designs that are taken into consideration. A method for calculating the optimal location of remote-wheeling generation is proposed based on the centroid mass theory. The proposed method is applied in four scenarios. The first three scenarios are single-point, two-point, and three-point centroid locations. The fourth scenario is based on three single points, considering the power distribution regions in Jordan, which cover three regions. The results of the four scenarios will be discussed and demonstrated along with a comprehensive comparison between in-site generation, single-centroid-point remote-wheeling generation, and three-centroid-point remote-wheeling generation.

The role of different subunits of INO80 remodeling complex in repair chromatin assembly in yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

Reparative chromatin assembly is an important step in maintaining genome stability. The correct assembly of chromatin is provided by histone chaperones, whose dysfunction can lead to the development of various forms of cancer and a number of hereditary diseases in humans. The effect of remodeling factors completes chromatin repair. The yeast chromatin remodeling complex INO80 plays an important role in chromatin architecture. We used induced mutagenesis and real-time PCR to study the role of INO80 in chromatin repair assembly. In double mutants ies5Δ hsm3Δ(hif1Δ), defects in the structure of nucleosomes caused by mutations hsm3Δ and hif1Δ lead to hypersensitivity of cells to UV radiation and the disappearance of hsm3- and hif1-specific mutagenesis. Double mutants carrying the nhp10Δ mutation and hsm3Δ or hif1Δ mutations were indistinguishable from a single mutant in terms of the lethal effect of UV irradiation, however, the high UV-induced mutagenesis characteristic of all mutations disappeared. Thus, we found that mutations in the genes controlling the subunits of the INO80 complex can exhibit strong interactions with mutations in histone chaperone genes. We have confirmed the hypothesis that the Him1 protein performs a chaperone function in the process of reparative chromatin assembly.

X-ray and optical observations of the millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1431–4715

We present the first X-ray observation of the energetic millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1431−4715, performed with XMM-Newton and complemented with fast optical multi-band photometry acquired with the ULTRACAM instrument at ESO-NTT. It is found as a faint X-ray source without a significant orbital modulation. This contrasts with the majority of systems that instead display substantial X-ray orbital variability. The X-ray spectrum is dominated by non-thermal emission and, due to the lack of orbital modulation, does not favour an origin in an intrabinary shock between the pulsar and companion star wind. While thermal emission from the neutron star polar cap cannot be excluded in the soft X-rays, the dominance of synchrotron emission favours an origin in the pulsar magnetosphere that we describe at both X-ray and gamma-ray energies with a synchro-curvature model. The optical multi-colour light curve folded at the 10.8 h orbital period is double-humped and dominated by ellipsoidal effects, but also affected by irradiation. The ULTRACAM light curves are fit with several models encompassing direct heating and a cold spot, or heat redistribution after irradiation either through convection or convection plus diffusion. Despite the inability to constrain the best irradiation models, the fits provide consistent system parameters, giving an orbital inclination of 59 ± 6° and a distance of 3.1 ± 0.3 kpc. The companion is found to be an F-type star, underfilling its Roche lobe (fRL = 73 ± 4%) with a mass of 0.20 ± 0.04 M⊙, confirming the redback status, but hotter than the majority of redbacks. The stellar dayside and nightside temperatures of 7500 K and 7400 K, respectively, indicate a weak irradiation effect on the companion, likely due to its high intrinsic luminosity. Although the pulsar mass cannot be precisely derived, a heavy (1.8−2.2 M⊙) neutron star is favoured.

Atomic Fabrication of 2D Materials Using Electron Beams Inside an Electron Microscope.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered increasing attention due to their unusual properties and significant potential applications in electronic devices. However, the performance of these devices is closely related to the atomic structure of the material, which can be influenced through manipulation and fabrication at the atomic scale. Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) and scanning TEMs (STEMs) provide an attractive platform for investigating atomic fabrication due to their ability to trigger and monitor structural evolution at the atomic scale using electron beams. Furthermore, the accuracy and consistency of atomic fabrication can be enhanced with an automated approach. In this paper, we briefly introduce the effect of electron beam irradiation and then discuss the atomic structure evolution that it can induced. Subsequently, the use of electron beams for achieving desired structures and patterns in a controllable manner is reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of atomic fabrication on 2D materials inside an electron microscope are discussed.

Air cleaner prototype: Reduction of airborne viruses and effects of UV-C irradiation on virus concentration and RNA copy numbers considering modeled residence times and doses

Air cleaner prototype: Reduction of airborne viruses and effects of UV-C irradiation on virus concentration and RNA copy numbers considering modeled residence times and doses

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM-ALUMINUM SPINEL IRRADIATED WITH HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRONS OF THE M-30 MICROTRON

The study of the optical properties of magnesium-aluminum spinel is relevant because the material has prospects for practical applications and the possibility of use in dosimetry. Therefore, it is important to study the radiation resistance of spinel. This research aims to study the effect of high-energy irradiation, 12.5 MeV, on its optical properties and features of defect formation. It shows that irradiation stimulates the formation of luminescence centers, which is important for solid-state dosimetry. The results indicate the prospects of using non-stoichiometric spinel as a dosimetric material for intense beams of nuclear radiation.

Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps

Abstract. The Arctic is projected to warm by 2 to 5 °C by the end of the century. Warming causes melting of glaciers, shrinking of the areas covered by sea ice, and increased terrestrial runoff from snowfields and permafrost thawing. Warming, decreasing coastal underwater irradiance, and lower salinity are potentially threatening polar marine organisms, including kelps, that are key species of hard-bottom shallow communities. The present study investigates the physiological responses of four kelp species (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima, and Hedophyllum nigripes) to these environmental changes through a perturbation experiment in ex situ mesocosms. Kelps were exposed for 6 weeks to four experimental treatments: an unmanipulated control; a warming condition under the CO2 emission scenario SSP5-8.5; and two multifactorial conditions combining warming, low salinity, and low irradiance reproducing the future coastal Arctic exposed to terrestrial runoff under two CO2 emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). The physiological effects on A. esculenta, L. digitata, and S. latissima were investigated, and gene expression patterns of S. latissima and H. nigripes were analyzed. Across all species and experimental treatments, growth rates were similar, underlying the acclimation potential of these species to future Arctic conditions. Specimens of A. esculenta increased their chlorophyll a content when exposed to low irradiance conditions, suggesting that they may be resilient to an increase in glacier and river runoff with the potential to become more dominant at greater depths. S. latissima showed a lower carbon : nitrogen (C : N) ratio under the SSP5-8.5 multifactorial conditions' treatment, suggesting tolerance to coastal erosion and permafrost thawing. In contrast, L. digitata showed no response to the conditions tested on any of the investigated physiological parameters. The down-regulation of genes coding for heat-shock proteins in H. nigripes and S. latissima underscores their ability to acclimate to heat stress, which portrays temperature as a key influencing factor. Based on these results, it is expected that kelp communities will undergo changes in species composition that will vary at local scale as a function of the changes in environmental drivers.

Effects of Laser Irradiation in High-Speed Gas Flow for Surface Treatments of Copper

In this study, the impacts of laser irradiation on the surface morphology and hardness of copper (Cu) are investigated under various environments, including air, vacuum, and high-pressure gas flow through a supersonic nozzle. After irradiating Cu targets with laser pulses with energy of 30, 60, and 90 mJ/pulse, the surface structures of the targets are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM analysis reveals diverse surface morphologies, including micro-cones, cavities, droplets, ripples, and island-like structures, depending on laser energy and environments. The XRD analysis provides insights into the structural changes induced by laser irradiation. The results indicate a significant enhancement in microhardness by a factor of 2.77, which is attributed to the surface and structural modifications incurred under various environments. In addition, the XRD analysis reveals a shift in the residual stress in the surface layers of copper from tensile before laser irradiation to compressive afterwards, highlighting the effectiveness of laser surface treatment in inducing favorable mechanical properties.

Degradation of piroxicam and celecoxib from aqueous solution by high-energy electron beam as a Sustainable method

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs that can reduce pain. This study aimed to measure the concentration of piroxicam and celecoxib in Iranian hospitals, as well as the effect of electron beam irradiation on the degradation of these pollutants in synthetic and real samples. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the residual analytes in the samples. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiment conditions that investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation on degradation of piroxicam and celecoxib from synthetic samples, and then according to the optimum condition, the experiments were carried out for real wastewater samples. The results of wastewater analysis shown that the mean concentration of PIRO and CELE were 6.32 ± 2.5 and 11.5 ± 3.2 μg/L, respectively. Also, the findings show that 98.98 % and 97.62 % of piroxicam and celecoxib was degraded, respectively, when the optimum conditions (pH = 4, electron beam irradiation = 8 kGy, and concentrations of 60 μg/L for piroxicam and 50 μg/L for celecoxib) were applied. Results show that the degradation rates of piroxicam and celecoxib in the real wastewater sample at optimum condition were 89.6 % and 84.25 %, respectively. So, electron beam irradiation is a long-lasting and promising method for removal emerging contaminants from wastewater, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, that can't be removed by conventional wastewater treatment methods; so, it can be used in combination with conventional wastewater treatment methods.

Enhanced NO2 Gas Sensing in Nanocrystalline MoS2 via Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation: An Experimental and DFT Study.

Nanostructured transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) like MoS2 hold promise for gas sensing applications due to their exceptional properties. However, limitations exist in maximizing sensor performance, such as limited active sites for gas interaction and sluggish response/recovery times. This study explores swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation as a strategy to address these challenges in MoS2-based NO2 gas sensors. MoS2 nanoflakes were fabricated and subsequently irradiated with 120 MeV silver (Ag) ions to induce structural and morphological modifications. Characterization techniques confirmed the formation of Mo and S vacancies within the MoS2 lattice due to irradiation. Significantly, SHI irradiation resulted in a remarkable enhancement of approximately 3 times improvement in sensing response compared to pristine MoS2 sensors. Additionally, the irradiated sensors exhibit substantial improvements in both response and recovery times for NO2 detection. SHI irradiation resulted in the formation of self-affine nanostructures and increased grain fragmentation as fluence rises. This enhanced surface area is hypothesized to promote gas-sensor response. To gain deeper insights into the underlying mechanism, first-principles calculations were employed. These calculations suggest that electron transfer occurs from the MoS2 surface to the NO2 molecule during interaction. Furthermore, the irradiation-induced vacancies facilitate stronger NO2 adsorption on the MoS2 surface compared to the pristine sample. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of SHI irradiation in engineering defects within MoS2 nanoflakes, leading to significantly improved NO2 gas-sensing performance. This approach offers a promising avenue for developing next-generation TMD-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity, response times, and stability.

Effects of acute gamma irradiation on the morphology of Curcuma alismatifolia ‘Siam Shadow’ and C. alismatifolia ‘Siam Scarlet’

Curcuma alismatifolia (Pathumma in Thailand), also known as Siam Tulip, is an economically valuable cut flower in Thailand and is continuously bred to enhance its captivating array of colors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute gamma irradiation on 2 cultivars of C. alismatifolia ‘Siam Shadow’ and C. alismatifolia ‘Siam Scarlet’ for in vitro propagation and determination of the lethal dose 50 (LD50). The irradiation was conducted at doses of 0, 20, 30, 40 and 80 Gy using young shoots tissue culture. The results of the experiment revealed that the LD50 for ‘Siam Shadow’ could not be determined while ‘Siam Scarlet’ was 29.06 Gy. ‘Siam Shadow’ exhibited chimera leaf formation when exposed to a gamma irradiated dose of 40 Gy, while ‘Siam Scarlet’ exhibited chimera leaf formation when gamma irradiated at doses of 20 Gy in vitro. After planting in a greenhouse, ‘Siam Shadow’ was irradiated with 30 Gy of gamma irradiated, had reduced bract numbers and the bracts became smaller. Conversely, ‘Siam Scarlet’ irradiated with 20 Gy of gamma irradiated, produced smaller inflorescences with only 2 bracts, while irradiation with 30 Gy resulted in 2 lobes and spotted leaves at the edges of the leaves. The results indicated that both the C. alismatifolia cultivars and gamma irradiation rates had a significant influence on survival rate, number of shoots, plant height, chlorophyll mutants and morphology. As the outcome, it was determined that gamma irradiation with optimum doses of gamma rays could induce new characteristics in C. alismatifolia.

Antibacterial effects and mechanisms of quercetin-β-cyclodextrin complex mediated photodynamic on Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. This work aimed to formulate quercetin-cyclodextrin microcapsules (QT-β-CD) while examining their photodynamic antibacterial effects and underlying mechanisms in detail. Characterization of the QT-β-CD was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The bacteriostatic effects of UV-A irradiation on Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) were investigated. The photodynamic impact of QT-β-CD was assessed by analyzing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production. The antimicrobial activity was further elucidated through examinations of cell membrane integrity, protein damage, changes in cellular motility, biofilm formation, and extracellular polysaccharide reduction. The effect of QT-β-CD on LuxS and motA gene expression in E. coli O157:H7 was investigated by RT-qPCR. The findings demonstrated that QT-β-CD exhibited potent photodynamic properties and functioned as an efficient photosensitizer, causing substantial damage to E. coli O157:H7 cells. These results underscore the potential of quercetin as an antimicrobial agent for food preservation.

Biological effects in normal human fibroblasts following chronic and acute irradiation with both low- and high-LET radiation.

Radiobiological studies at low dose rates allow us to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms by which radiation exerts its effects on biological systems following chronic exposures. Moreover, these studies can complement available epidemiological data on the biological effects of low doses and dose rates of ionizing radiation. Very few studies have simultaneously compared the biological effects of low- and high-LET radiations at the same dose rate for chronic irradiation. We compared, for the first time in the same experiment, the effects of chronic (dose rates as low as ~18 and 5 mGy/h) and acute irradiations on clonogenicity and micronucleus formation in AG1522 normal human skin fibroblasts in the confluent state exposed to doses of low- and high-LET radiation (gamma rays and alpha particles) to investigate any differences due to the different radiation quality and different dose rate (in the dose range 0.006-0.9 Gy for alpha particles and 0.4-2.3 Gy for gamma rays). As expected, alpha particles were more effective than gamma rays at inducing cytogenetic damage and reduced clonogenic cell survival. For gamma rays, the cytogenetic damage and the reduction of clonogenic cell survival were greater when the dose was delivered acutely instead of chronically. Instead, for the alpha particles, at the same dose, we found equal cytogenetic damage and reduction of clonogenic cell survival for both chronic and acute exposure (except for the highest doses of 0.4 and 0.9 Gy, where cytogenetic damage is greater at a low dose rate). The results of this study may have an impact on space and terrestrial radioprotection of humans at low doses and low dose rates, on biodosimetry, and on the use of ionizing radiation in medicine. These results also provide insights into understanding damage induction and cell reaction mechanisms following chronic exposure (at dose rates as low as 18 and 5 mGy/h) to low- and high-LET radiation.

Comparative study of volatile compounds of cold-pressed oils extracted from three different oilseeds after gamma irradiation.

To investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on the volatile compounds of edible oils. Three types of oilseeds, including peanut, sesame, and flaxseed, were subjected to 8 kGy gamma irradiation, followed by cold pressing to extract their oils. The volatile compounds of the oils were isolated by simultaneous distillation extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 91 volatile compounds were identified, which can be grouped into eight categories: hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, furans, and benzene derivatives. Irradiation treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and ketones in all oil samples (p<0.05), with the greatest increase observed in hydrocarbons (4-14 times). In contrast, changes in alcohols, acids, esters, furans, and benzene derivatives were related to oilseed type. The increased hydrocarbons mainly originated from the degradation of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. The irradiation resistance of the three oilseeds varied considerably, in the order: flaxseed>sesame>peanut. Based on the odor activity value, 11 key aroma compounds were selected, and (E)-2-decenal (tallow, oily, and orange), 1-octanol (soapy and oily), and 1-nonanol (floral and soapy) were only detected in the irradiated samples. Principal component analysis revealed that the oil samples of the three oilseeds could be well classified based on their key aroma compounds, and that the irradiation treatment had no remarkable effect on their intrinsic aroma.

Improvement of Hygienic and Phytochemical Qualities of Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana) Peel by Irradiation

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of gamma ray and x-ray irradiation at different dose levels 95, 10, 15 and 20 kGy) on in mangosteen peel. The antioxidant activities were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), while total phenolic contents and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of 60 % ethanolic mangosteen powder extracts were analyzed. The results indicated that both types of ionizing radiations showed a non-significant decrease in measured parameters with increasing doses. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of irradiated mangosteen peel extracted against S. aureus and E. coli ranged from 0.125 to 2.0 mg/mL. The quantity of bioactive compound mangostin determined via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), did not show significant decrease with different irradiation sources and doses. In microbiological aspect, total yeast and mold from both irradiation sources were reduced by 1 log cycle after irradiation at 5 kGy. The irradiation induced color changes corresponding to Hunter color L a b value. X-ray irradiation caused slight color alteration compared to gamma rays. The advantage of x-ray irradiation was that it revealed non-significant changes in b values, whereas gamma irradiation showed the significant change in L, and b values with increasing dosage. The x-ray irradiation at the dose 5 kGy effectively decreased microbial contamination while causing minimal changes to phytochemical qualities and color. HIGHLIGHTS Irradiation at 5 kGy was sufficient to control microbial contamination There were no significant changes in antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP), a-mangostin contents, total phenolic contents (TPC) and antibacterial activities: after irradiation up to 20 kGy X-ray irradiation was an excellent alternative to gamma irradiation for decontamination with a non-significant alteration in b values. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effects of Microwave Treatment on Alkyd-Varnished Wood Exposed to Outdoor Conditions

In this study, it was planned to investigate the effects of microwave irradiation (MW) prior to varnish applications on the pine wood samples, which are subjected to three months of outdoor exposure. The samples of 180W15s, 270W15s, 360W5s, and 360W15s showed lower water sorption properties than the control, while the rest of the samples showed higher sorption properties than the control sample. The lowest water sorption value was 12.50% (-3.85% lower than the control). It was found that post-microwave treated samples provide a 1–3 degree increases in resistance against selected cold liquids of distilled water, fruit juice, milk and coke under similar conditions. After three months of outdoor exposure of the samples, the surface scratch resistance of the samples was found to be 1 to 4 degrees softer than the control sample (HB to 3B pencil hardness properties). However, the cross-cut properties of the samples showed almost similar level of adhesion properties, mostly between 2 and 3 (control sample: 3), which was assumed to be not notable different from control, regardless of treatment conditions. It was found to have various discoloration properties of the samples which subjected to weathering procedure of post-microwave treated and alkyd-varnish aplied samples. But the larger-sized samples (A-type) have a higher and wider range for b* (yellowness) and a* (redness) values, while smaller-sized samples (a-type) showed a wider range and higher brightness (L*) properties. Moreover, A-type samples had higher total color difference values than a-types at similar treatment conditions. It is important to note that all measured samples show an ΔE &gt;1.0 (metric) value, which means the discoloration after three months of outdoor exposure could be realizable when carefully examined by the human eye. The results clearly indicated that the post-microwave radiation before alkyd-varnish application on pine wood samples were some level influences regarding the selected properties. The resistance of selected household cold liquids and surface cross-cut properties were prominent for some samples. In spite of wide properties measured, no any clear trend was found between MW radiation and selected properties.