Effects Of Industrial Effluents Research Articles

Reply of the authors on the comments on the paper entitled “Toxic Effects of Industrial Effluents on Rat : Analysis and Remediation Methods.”

Reply of the authors on the comments on the paper entitled “Toxic Effects of Industrial Effluents on Rat : Analysis and Remediation Methods.”

Comments on the paper entitled “Toxic Effects of Industrial Effluents on Rat : Analysis and Remediation Methods.” The Internet Journal of Toxicology. 2007. Volume 3. Number 2. – Reg.

Comments on the paper entitled “Toxic Effects of Industrial Effluents on Rat : Analysis and Remediation Methods.” The Internet Journal of Toxicology. 2007. Volume 3. Number 2. – Reg.

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Cicer arientum

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Cicer arientum

Contaminant accumulation and biomarker responses in caged fish exposed to effluents from anthropogenic sources in the karnaphuly river, bangladesh

The possible ecotoxicological effects of a paper and pulp mill effluent were investigated by measuring selected contaminants and biomarkers in caged Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from the Karnaphuly River, Bangladesh. Fish were caged for 28 d at two upstream reference sites (2 and 4 km) and four downstream sites (3, 5, 8, and 12 km) from the effluent outlets. Organochlorine contaminants and bile biomarkers were bioaccumulated to higher levels at downstream polluted sites than at the reference sites, including hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in liver, and chlorophenolic compounds like 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in bile. Levels of glucose, protein, and aspartate aminotransferase were analyzed in plasma, whereas cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) levels were determined in S-12 supernatants of liver. The results, including CYP1A induction and bile biomarkers, clearly indicated that, in addition to the paper and pulp mill effluents, the downstream sites appear to receive other inputs of contaminants. This field assessment in a Bangladeshi river demonstrates biomarker measurements in caged fish as a promising approach for evaluating accumulation and effects of industrial effluents in fish of developing countries.

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Mineral Nutrition of Rice and Soil Health

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Mineral Nutrition of Rice and Soil Health

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Water and Soil Qualities in Nnewi, Nigeria

Nnewi is the commercial nerve center and the most highly industrialized city east of the River Niger in Anambra State of Nigeria, West Africa. The industries specialize in manufacturing automobile batteries and accessories, electrical cables, agro-allied products and sundry items. One major problem in Nnewi is the lack or total absence of legal facilities authorized to dispose of industrial waste. We have investigated the impact of chemicals arising from industries on water and soil qualities in Nnewi. Higher levels of iron. copper, lead and manganese were found in the deep than in the top soil. Soil samples from battery manufacturing industries had the highest levels of manganese (3617ppm) and 664ppm of lead while soil samples from vegetable oil industry showed the highest level of lead (746ppm). The pH of the soil ranged from 3.5-6.4. River Ele had a higher level of lead (192.5ppm) at the source than in the middle and lower courses which had 25ppm each. The total hardness, salinity and biological oxygen demand of River Ele ranged from 14-35mg / l, 121.6-211.2mg / l and 1.9-2.7mg, respectively, from source to lower course. The highest level of volatile and non-volatile solids was 1.6 and 1.0mg, respectively. There was an absence of live or dead macro-organisms along the course of the river. Since there were elevated soil lead levels from most of the industrial sites which could have a public health impact, we recommend a control measure to reduce lead exposure to adjoining communities.

The use of air flotation for the treatment of industrial wastes discharged into coastal areas

Most large scale industries in Kuwait are located in the Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA). Discharges from the SIA are major sources of pollution in the local sea. The effect of industrial effluents on the marine environment were assessed. To minimize the pollution level in the marine environment, steps were taken to establish a central wastewater treatment plant to include a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit, as a first step in removing oil and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study was initiated to investigate and optimize the various processes of the treatment as well as to collect the data necessary to correctly incorporate these processes into the full-scale design of the Shuaiba industrial wastewater treatment facility.

Toxic effects of industrial effluents on hatchability and viability of Cyprinus carpio eggs

Toxic effects of industrial effluents on hatchability and viability of Cyprinus carpio eggs

The ecotoxicological relevance of Anguilla anguilla L. as a proposed cytogenetic model for brackish-water genetic toxicological studies

The Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) Assay was specially adapted to Anguilla anguilla L. Cyclophosphamide (CP) was used as a standard on the SCE frequency study in Anguilla anguilla L. The 50 and 75% Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent (BKPME) was used to study the SCE frequency in Anguilla anguilla L. in comparison with the standard cyclophosphamide results. The experimental results showed that the SCE assay is 33 h longer in Anguilla anguilla L. and also that the SCE frequency is lower in animals exposed either to cyclophosphamide or to 50 or 75% BKPME. However, further experiments with 75% BKPME showed an increase in the eel's SCE frequency compared to 50% BKPME, but it was still lower than the cyclophosphamide standard. In summary, the relevance of ecotoxicological tests, concerning the effect of industrial effluents containing potential genotoxic substances, should be based on the use of a wide range of species living in a particular habitat. The aim of this research work is to confirm the use of Anguilla anguilla L. as a genotoxic indicator, as part of the ecosystem, with a particular economic interest to this area of the country.

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of Effluent-affected Soil at Varanasi, India

In recent years, the quality of the environment in parts of India has been deteriorating rapidly owing to increasing industrialization and widespread urbanization. Thus some soils have become polluted by industrial effluents though the soil microflora play an important role in releasing mineral nutrients through decomposition and hence improving the productivity of the soil. However, little information is available about the effects of industrial effluent on the soil mycoflora in India. In view of this prevailing paucity of information, the present investigation has been undertaken around the Hari fertilizer factory near Varanasi, India

Structure and Function of Phytoplanktonic and Microbial Communities in Relation to Industrial Wastewater Discharge: An Ecotoxicological Approach in a Lotic System

Microbial and phytoplanktonic processes of a perturbed river system were evaluated as an ecotoxicological alternative to bioassays in hazard assessment of industrial wastewater discharge. Although phytoplankton species composition was invariable throughout the river gradient, both P/B and ATP/AMP ratios revealed that the community did not acclimate over the spatial scale studied. The adenylate energy charge (ECA) of the microbial community decreased at the station where the wastewater is discharged; however, no significant differences in (ECA) values were observed downstream. Enclosure experiments allowed us to conclude that the microbial community was predominantly affected by the effluent rather than by the lotic physical gradient. In the river gradient, ECAappears to be an insensitive metabolic indicator; however, small changes in ECAare accompanied by much larger changes in the ATP/AMP ratios to which enzymatic activities are responding. The fact that some functional metabolic processes of the microbial community were affected while phytoplankton species composition was invariable suggests that P/B and ATP/AMP ratios would prove useful in the detection of insidiuous effects of industrial effluents at the microbial community level. This approach could also give more insight into the ecological significance of wastewater discharge for monitoring purposes.

Effects of industrial effluents, heavy metals, and organic solvents on mallard embryo development

Mallard eggs were externally exposed at 3 and 8 days of incubation to 7 different industrial effluents and to 7 different heavy metal, organic solvent, and petroleum solutions to screen for potential embryo-toxic effects. This route of exposure was chosen in order to simulate the transfer of pollutant from the plumage of aquatic birds to their eggs. Five of the effluents including mineral pigment, scouring effluent, sludge, and tannery effluent resulted in small but significant reductions in embryonic growth. Treatment with methyl mercury chloride solution of 50 ppm (Hg) impaired embryonic growth but much higher concentrations were required to affect survival and cause teratogenic effects. Oil used to suppress road dust was the most toxic of the pollutants tested and only 0.5 μl egg caused 60% mortality by 18 days of development. These findings, in combination with other studies suggest that petroleum pollutants, or effluents in combination with petroleum, may pose a hazard to birds' eggs when exposure is by this route.

Effects of industrial effluents on local cloudiness and rainfall

Industrial effluents alter both the microphysical properties that regulate the rate of production of precipitation and the location and strengths of density and velocity perturbations that regulate the dynamical development of clouds. Therefore, physical mechanisms exist through which industrial activities can modify local weather elements such as cloudiness and rainfall. Snow falling from large cooling tower plumes and the cloudiness spawned by heat rejection are the most obvious manifestations of this control. The extent to which industrial effluents exert control over local weather and climate remains controversial and difficult to quantify. As industrial activity becomes more concentrated, anomalous weather effects could become a problem that will require consideration when planning new facilities. This is particularly true for processes that modify the dynamical properties of the atmosphere by rejecting heat directly to the atmosphere.

Effects of Industrial Effluents on the Population Density of Soil Microarthropods

The present communication gives the results of a quantitative study of soil microarthropods in relation to pollution induced by a chemical and fertilizer factory at Sahupuri, Varanasi, India. The effluent discharged from the factory has been reported to affect adversely the physicochemical properties (porosity, water-holding capacity, hydrogen ion concentration, total nitrogen, exchangeable sodium, and carbonate) of the soil. The samples were processed in Ladell's apparatus by modified floatation technique for faunal estimation. The population density of soil microarthropods has been found to be poor in the effluent-affected soil (28,107/m2) as against the control soil (39,217/m2) of a near-by area. The Acarina formed the most prevalent group in both the control and polluted habitats, constituting 47.8% and 53.6% of the total fauna, respectively. The abnormal physico-chemical properties of the soil have been indicated as being partly responsible for the faunal depletion.

The effect of industrial effluent from pulp and paper mills on the marine benthic environment.

The types of effluent discharged by wood-processing industries and their effects on the benthic environment are described. A brief summary of the results of the Lochs Linnhe-Eil survey 1964-70 is given. Populations of the molluscs Corbula , Thyasira and Myrtea have increased in most areas, and appear to be favoured by a moderate increase in the organic input to the system. Corbula dominates in the shallower polyhaline areas, and Myrtea in the deeper mixoeuhaline areas. On sediments with a high natural leaf litter content a low diversity fauna occurs, dominated by the annelids Cirriformia , Peloscolex , Capitella and Staurocephalus , and the crustacean Idotea . The predominance of this kind of fauna has increased in its area of occurrence in recent years. Comparisons of these faunal distributions and changes with those found in surveys in other marine areas affected by wood-processing wastes and other types of organic effluents show considerable similarities in the faunal changes occurring under increased organic loading. The utility of ‘indicator’ species in the assessment of organic pollution is briefly discussed. The need for detailed information on the ecological and physiological reasons underlying the varied faunal successions which occur under conditions of pollutional stress is emphasized.