Effects Of Industrial Effluents Research Articles

Effect of Industrial Effluent on Irrigation Water Quality of Choba River in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Poor irrigation water quality due to oil spillage on surface water can result in food insecurity, health and economic challenges. This paper investigated the effect of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHC) and lead (Pb) on irrigation water quality in the oil spill prone area of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Water samples were taken from five different sections labelled A, B, C, D, and E along the Choba River, in Rivers State, Nigeria. Sections B, C, D and E were direct industrial effluent discharge points while section A was without direct industrial effluent discharge. Standard methods were employed in the water sampling and analysis. Suitability of Choba river water for irrigation was assessed by comprehensive pollution index (CPI) that incorporated salinity, sodicity, and permeability hazard potentials as well as the specific toxicity hazard potentials of TPHC and Pb. Results showed that all primary water parameters except pH were within the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines. The pH was low, ranging between 4.48 and 5.6. TPHC values for four out of the five samples were greater than the 10mg/l guideline as recommended by the Directorate of Petroleum Resources for surface water. TPHC for the four samples ranged between 14.52 and 174.32mg/l. The parameters with the most impact on CPI include EC, PI and TPHC with TPHC having the most impact. Water samples from sections A, B and E with CPI values 0.14, 0.37, and 0.8 respectively were classified in the clean, sub clean and slightly polluted categories respectively, while water samples from sections C and D with CPI values greater than 1 range from moderately to heavily polluted and not suitable for agricultural irrigation. Only water sample A was found suitable for irrigation.

Self-organised surfactant assemblies as nanostructured dye carriers: a mixed micellar comparative approach for enhanced dye solubilisation

ABSTRACT The reported work is focused on the solubility of Rhodamine B (cationic dye), as an important methodology to investigate the extent of incorporation or penetration of dye inside the micelles spectroscopically, so the solubilised dye can be filtered via Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration process to keep our environment safe from toxic effects of industrial effluent. Solutions were prepared by using micellar media of anionic surfactants i.e. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Sodium Oleate (SO) as well as mixed micellar media of said anionics with non-ionic surfactant i.e. Triton X-100 (TX-100). The extent of solubilisation has been, quantitatively, calculated using data of differential spectroscopy, in terms of partition coefficient Kx and Gibbs energy of partition, ∆Gp. It has been observed that mixed micellar media has better solubilisation capacity than micellar solution of individual surfactants. A better micellar solubilisation and ultimately the high Gibbs energy of partition, ∆Gp with SO/TX-100 system i.e. −40.89 as compared to SDS/TX-100 system (−37.03) has been observed due to the presence of long carbon chain in SO.

Effect of Ota Industrial Estate effluents on surface water quality of Oruku River, Ota, South Western Nigeria

The effect of industrial effluents on surface water quality of Oruku River was investigated in this study by analyzing selected water quality indicators such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were examined amongst other physicochemical parameters using standard methods. Results show that, average pH of the surface waters ranged from 5.53±0.31 to 6.23±0.45 with SR3 having the highest value. This indicates that all the water sources were alkaline. The effluents had an average pH range of 5.95 ± 1.12 to 6.40 ± 0.48. A comparison of these average pH values with effluent quality standards indicated that the effluents pH were below limit (6.5-9.5). The average BOD levels in surface water ranged from 1.94 ± 0.95 for SR-4 to 3.78 ± 1.61 for SR-1. DO average values in surface water was found to be higher at SR-1 with a mean value of 5.36 ± 1.55 and lower at SR-2 with a mean value of 3.05 ± 0.68. The mean COD value for surface water ranged from 108.66 ± 73.03mg/L to 232.81 ± 155.46mg/L. SR-3 had the highest COD average value of 232.81 ± 155.46mg/L while there was a reduction at SR-5 to an average value of 108.66 ± 73.03mg/L. The high COD value in the surface water indicates that gross-organic pollution of the water source may be from other sources such as agricultural and urban run-offs.

Effects of industrial effluent on wetland macroinvertebrate community structures near a wastewater treatment facility

Macroinvertebrate communities and environmental variables were examined in wetlands near an industrial wastewater treatment facility to assess impacts from exposure to historical effluents. Baseline wetland assessments were required prior to cleanup of contaminated sediments at the facility. The study included wetlands historically exposed to direct effluent discharge, wetlands exposed to current effluent discharge (at the time of sampling), and reference wetlands. Wetlands were sampled in June, July, and September 2018 using a new macroinvertebrate community monitoring protocol (“Wetland CABIN”) developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada. Macroinvertebrates were counted and identified to Family level. Data were qualitatively analyzed using pie charts and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, as well as quantitatively with the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, the Berger-Parker index and using pollution sensitivity values. Correlations using Spearman rho were also calculated between indices and measured environmental variables. Wetlands near the treatment facility were not significantly different compared to reference sites. Macroinvertebrate communities near the treatment facility appeared to be relatively unimpacted by historical effluent inputs. The Wetland CABIN protocol may be a useful monitoring tool for assessing wetland macroinvertebrate community structure because it allows for standardized approaches to be used to compare temporal changes at contaminated sites or spatially between sites.

Industrial pollution and vegetable farming in sharada industrial layout of Kano municipal area council

This work examined the effects of industrial effluents on surface water used for vegetable irrigation in Kano City of Kano State. As the population of Kano increases, more demand is placed on these industries for products thus leading to the generation of large volumes of effluents that are discharged directly into nearby streams without treatment. The usage of this surface water for vegetable irrigation by a significant number of vegetable farmers is a matter of major concern due to the presence of pollutants. Some of the field measurements were carried out insitu while others were taken to the laboratory for analysis. Groundwater samples were taken from a borehole and two hand-dug wells while surface water was taken from point of discharge and two other points along the Challawa River which is the main source of water for vegetable irrigation. Composite soil samples were taken from four points within the vegetable farms. The Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Ministry of Environment standards were used as baseline standards for limits. Results show that presence of Fe, Pb, Mn, Cr and Cd were found to be above the FMEnv limits in the soil, the presence of SO4, Cu and K were also found to be above the FMEnv limits as well in groundwater while BOD, NO2 and Cr were above the FEPA limit for surface water. Some of the recommendations include constant monitoring for the presence of heavy metals in soils and irrigation water and that the need for the construction of both primary and secondary treatment plants has become essential.

Effect of industrial effluent on wheat crop

The pot study was carried out to evaluate the growth and development of two wheat varieties (PBW 154 and HD 2329) under three concentrations (10%, 50% and 100%) of effluents which were collected from India Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) drain from Mathura city of Uttar Pradesh and simple underground water was used as control. Significant impact of IOCL effluents was observed on both varieties of wheat, which showed maximum seed germination, seedling growth, leaf area at 10% concentration of effluent. When 50% concentration of effluent was applied it showed moderate effects while 100% effluent concentration showed adverse effect on both the varieties, where decline in all the above parameters was higher than control. HD 2329 showed more positive effect compared to PBW 154 at 10% concentration of effluents. The observed results can be used by the farmers of this region for deciding about the type of soil and waste water irrigation amount.

Effect of industrial effluent on content of nutrient and heavy metals in plant and soil

Effect of continuous irrigation with sewage effluent on soil properties and status of nutrients and pollutant elements in soils and plants in the adjoining areas of Agra and Mathura cities of Uttar Pradesh was ascertained. The physical properties of soils improved due to sewage water irrigation. An appreciable increase in organic carbon available N, P, K contents was recorded in the sewage water irrigated soils. Electrical conductivity of sewage water irrigated soils was much below the threshold limit of salinity. Application of sewage water resulted in the accumulation of heavy metals in surface soil. The mean contents of total Cd, Cr, Pb in the soils irrigated with sewage water were 2.85, 75.40 and 40.26 mg kg-1, respectively. The mean values of available Cd, Cr and Pb in soils were 0.21, 0.33 and 1.27 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentration of Cr in lettuce, cabbage and berseem plants grown on sewage water was higher as compared to its tolerance level indicating their accumulation in plants. In general, Cd was relatively higher in lettuce (0.88 mg kg-1). On the other hand, berseem contained relatively higher amount of Cr and Pb.

Effects of industrial effluents containing moderate levels of antibiotic mixtures on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community composition in exposed creek sediments

Environmental discharges of very high (mg/L) antibiotic levels from pharmaceutical production contributed to the selection, spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance. However, the effects of less antibiotic-polluted effluents (μg/L) from drug-formulation on exposed aquatic microbial communities are still scarce. Here we analyzed formulation effluents and sediments from the receiving creek collected at the discharge site (DW0), upstream (UP) and 3000 m downstream of discharge (DW3000) during winter and summer season. Chemical analyses indicated the largest amounts of trimethoprim (up to 5.08 mg/kg) and azithromycin (up to 0.39 mg/kg) at DW0, but sulfonamides accumulated at DW3000 (total up to 1.17 mg/kg). Quantitative PCR revealed significantly increased relative abundance of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) against β-lactams, macrolides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim and tetracyclines in sediments from DW0, despite relatively high background levels of some ARGs already at UP site. However, only sulfonamide (sul2) and macrolide ARG subtypes (mphG and msrE) were still elevated at DW3000 compared to UP. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed pronounced changes in the sediment bacterial community composition from both DW sites compared to UP site, regardless of the season. Numerous taxa with increased relative abundance at DW0 decreased to background levels at DW3000, suggesting die-off or lack of transport of effluent-originating bacteria. In contrast, various taxa that were more abundant in sediments than in effluents increased in relative abundance at DW3000 but not at DW0, possibly due to selection imposed by high sulfonamide levels. Network analysis revealed strong correlation between some clinically relevant ARGs (e.g. blaGES, blaOXA, ermB, tet39, sul2) and taxa with elevated abundance at DW sites, and known to harbour opportunistic pathogens, such as Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, Aeromonas and Shewanella. Our results demonstrate the necessity for improved management of pharmaceutical and rural waste disposal for mitigating the increasing problems with antibiotic resistance.

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Chemical Composition of Agriculture Soil in Indore (M.P.)

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Chemical Composition of Agriculture Soil in Indore (M.P.)

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Ecophysiological Properties of Plants of Bhilai Industrial Area, India

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Ecophysiological Properties of Plants of Bhilai Industrial Area, India

Effect of Industrial Effluent on the Growth, Yield and Foliar Epidermal Features of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

The impact of detergent effluent on the growth, yield and foliar epidermal characters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was investigated. The variety of tomato ((ROMA VF) was grown on soil contaminated with different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) of the effluent. It was observed that the effluent affected the time of germination, flowering and fruiting of the tomato plant. The number and weight of fruits produced were also affected although the extent varied with concentrations. There were significant variations in the plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of fruits and weight of fruits among the different treatments at 0.05 level of probability. At lower effluent concentrations, it was observed that the growth and number of fruits were relatively higher than the control (plants not treated with the effluent). The foliar anatomical study on the tomato showed that the effluent affected the structures of the plants. Significant reductions were observed in the stomata density, trichome frequency and number of epidermal cells on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces as the concentration increases. This study revealed that detergent effluent had significant effect on the growth, yield and the foliar anatomy of Solanum lycopersicum especially at higher concentration (25%).

Growth and leaf epidermal response of three Sesamum indicum varieties to industrial effluent irrigation

The effect of industrial effluents was studied with respect to growth and leaf anatomy of three Sesamum indicum varieties (NGB 00931, NGB 00937 and NGB 00939). Industrial effluents (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from two industries are used to irrigate the plants. Although, the control plants possessed larger leaves and longer stems than the effluent-treated plants, at lower concentration, the plant growth is relatively higher. Gradual decrease in the germination of seeds and seedling growth with increase in effluent concentration was observed. The best germination and seedling growth was observed at the 25% concentration. Leaf epidermal features (stomatal density, stomatal index, stomatal size, trichome density, tricome index, trichome size and number of epidermal cells) are more influenced in the effluent-treated plants than in the control plants from the Peace Standard Pharmaceutical Industry than in the effluent from the Global Soap & Detergent Industry. Thus the industrial effluents can be safely used for irrigation purposes with proper treatment and dilution at 25%.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 1-6, 2017

Effect of industrial effluent on soil properties, essential nutrient and pollutant element status of soils and plants in a vegetable growing near Jajmau industrial area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Effect of continuous irrigation with industrial effluent for more than three decades on soil physical, physico-chemical properties; and major, secondary and micronutrient with pollutant element status of soils and plants in Jajmau area of Kanpur city of Uttar Pradesh was ascertained. Long term alone use of industrial effluent for growing crops, particularly vegetables, may result in the uptake of toxic metals by crop plants, with the chance of their access into the food chain. While the use of industrial effluent with alternate irrigated with well water, the physical properties of soils were observed to be improved. An appreciable increase in organic carbon; available N, P, K and micronutrients were recorded in the alternate with industrial effluent and well water irrigated soils over that of the alone Industrial effluent irrigated soils. Electrical conductivity of alternate irrigated soils was much below the threshold limit of salinity. Long-term application of industrial effluent water resulted in the accumulation of heavy metals in surface soil; the concentration of these elements is approaching the maximum permissible limits suggested. The mean content of total Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb in the soils irrigated with industrial effluent water was 1.53, 1.09, 1.12, 1.14, 1.01, 1.23 and 1.01 times as compared to their content in the alternate irrigated soils, and the concentration of these metals in sugar beet grown on industrial effluent-fed soils was higher by 1.34, 1.16, 1.32, 1.51, 1.34, 1.65 and 1.26 times, respectively. The relative availability of the metals was recorded in the order of Pb > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cr > Ni > Fe. The concentration of heavy metals in sugar beet plant grown on industrial effluent was higher as compared to their tolerance level indicating their accumulation in plants. The results suggest that industrial effluent irrigation improves soil physical properties and fertility status indicating its potential for use in agriculture. However, accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant necessitates its safer use of alternate industrial effluent with well water to safeguard soil health and reduce the risk of animal and human health hazard. Sugar beet was found more suitable in comparison to other vegetables under study and can be used for phytoremediation purposes to minimize the concentration of heavy metals in soil.

The Effect of Industrial Effluents on the Quality of Onukpawahe Stream, Tema-Ghana

The Effect of Industrial Effluents on the Quality of Onukpawahe Stream, Tema-Ghana

EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL IN VILLAGE DINGI, DISTRICT HARIPUR

The present report is an outcome of research work conducted in Dingi village, District Haripur in 2012. The research aimed to assess and analyze the effects of industrial effluents on the soil fertility of the village, investigate contributing factors responsible for soil pollution and underlying causes creating the problems. Data analysis revealed that area had problems pertaining to water and soil quality. The key factors affecting soil fertility were the careless discharge of the untreated industrial effluents from Hattar Industrial Estate (HIE) into the natural stream passing through village. The results were compared with the soil standards set by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and European Committee Commission (ECC) and all of these were exceeding the permissible limits and affecting the soil fertility. The soils were found not fit for agriculture. The investigation highlighted the need to take some effective steps to manage the monitoring program set for checking of industries by the government according to set rules and regulation.

Effects of Industrial Effluents on Chromosomes of <i>Colocasia esculenta</i> (L.) Schott Collected from Five Different Affected Areas

Effects of Industrial Effluents on Chromosomes of <i>Colocasia esculenta</i> (L.) Schott Collected from Five Different Affected Areas

Effects of Industrial Effluents on Germination and Early Growth of Selected Agricultural Crops

Effects of Industrial Effluents on Germination and Early Growth of Selected Agricultural Crops

Cytological, morphological and anatomical studies of Ricinus communis Linn. grown under the influence of industrial effluent – A comparative study

Aims of the studyThe aim of study was to see the effect of industrial effluent on Ricinus communis Linn. grown under the condition of Environmental pollution in comparison with plant grown in control area. MethodThe industrial effluent was analyzed by APHA method. The anatomical studies of plant were carried out according to Metacalf and Chalk, 1950; cytological parameters were calculated as per cytological formulae (details available in full paper). ResultsThe physico-chemical parameters of analyzed effluent were found higher values as compared to standard values and morphological & anatomical parameters were found in decreasing trend in polluted plant samples as compared to non-polluted plant samples. Stomatal index and Palisade Ratio were lower in polluted leaves. Vein Islet Number and Vein Termination Number were higher in polluted leaves. The cytological parameters such as mitotic and amitotic index were found decreased in effluent treated sets of 100% & 50% whereas in 25% concentration were found increased. The mitotic anomalies were also found increased in the increasing effluent concentration. ConclusionThe conclusion is that the plants growing in non polluted area are more suitable for medicinal purposes, since all the parameters studied have revealed declining values in plants collected from polluted area.

Effect of textile mill effluent on growth of Sorghum vulgare and Vigna aconitifolia seedlings

The wastewater discharges are unavoidable in the process of industrial developments which lead to the pollution of water and soil. The water bodies and soils are becoming major sinks for industrial pollutants. These pollutants affect the ecosystems and agricultural lands. The establishment of industries or any manufacturing unit accelerates the development and helps to increase employment opportunities but unintentionally pollutes the environment, especially through the release of effluent and emissions. Such impact of industrial development is highly complex and many times unintentional. The production of wastewater is a continuous process; in water shortage regions of the Solapur, where water becomes limiting factor, the effluent is being used for irrigational purposes by the farmers in agriculture and agroforestry practices. The present research work deals with assess the physico-chemical characteristics of industrial effluent and the effect of Industrial effluents on germination of various seeds such as Sorghum vulgar e (Jowar), Vigna aconitifolia (Matki), which grow abundantly in study area and very demanding species for food purposes. The effects were examined in relation to various concentrations (viz. 20,40,60,80&100%) of effluent and distilled water as control and various parameters such as seed germination, mean root length of germinated seedlings, plumule germination, mean plumule length of germinated seedlings, disease (fungus) causes in germinated seedlings and other morphological characters.

THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGE ON LIPID PEROXIDE LEVELS OF PUNTI FISH (PUNTIUS SOPHORE) TISSUE IN COMPARISON WITH THOSE OF FRESHWATER FISH

ABSTRACT The effect of industrial effluent on the oxidative stress of Puntius sophore (punti fish) tissue was investigated. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring lipid peroxide (LPO) and fatty acid profile as bioindicators. Punti fishes were collected from a river where textile mill effluent is discharged, as well as from fresh water as controls. Homogenized tissues were used for LPO, fatty acid, total cholesterol, phospholipid and protein measurements. LPO levels in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues increased significantly in the industrial‐effluent‐exposed fish tissue as compared with those of the freshwater fish (control versus industrial‐effluent‐exposed fish: hepatic tissues, 54.0 ± 5.0 and 89.0 ± 9.0 nmol/mg protein; extrahepatic tissues, 52.0 ± 9.0 and 270 ± 16.0 nmol/mg protein). Five biologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n‐3), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n‐3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n‐3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n‐6) and linolenic acid (C18:3n‐3), significantly decreased, and saturated fatty acid, stearic acid (C18:0), significantly increased in the effluent‐exposed fish tissue than those of the freshwater counterpart. Cholesterol level of industrial‐effluent‐exposed punti fish was 1.5‐fold lower than those of the freshwater fish. This study thus suggests that industrial effluent poses a threat, at least partially, through oxidative insult to fish tissues.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe study reported here indicates that fish exposed to industrial effluent induce a greater risk of oxidative stress with a resultant increased level of lipid peroxides. Consequently, if these fish with increased oxidative species are ingested by humans, they may cause physiological problems such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer involving disruption of cellular homeostasis. Therefore, an investigation about the oxidative stress of fish tissue in terms of lipid peroxidation could be of considerable significance in Third World countries where consumers remain unaware about the quality of the fish sold in the local markets and are ignorant of the oxidative stress and its consequences. The information of the present investigation may help in providing some preliminary information about the impact of unplanned industrialization on aquatic ecosystem.