Effect Of Illusion Research Articles

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКСПОЗИЦІЇ ВІТРИН ВІДОМИХ БРЕНДІВ ОДЯГУ ЗАСОБАМИ КОМПОЗИЦІЇ

The article outlines compositional tools used in the design of window displays of popular brand clothing stores. The author analyzes the current state of research of this topic and studies the materials of researchers dealing with the topic of window dressing and its development. The research methodology was developed and the regulatory requirements for window display design were analyzed. The analysis of window display design of well-known clothing brands in the national and foreign practice was carried out, and their comparative analysis was made. The study was supplemented by the analysis of artistic decoration of window displays with artificial lighting elements. Individual features of decoration of window displays of popular brand clothing stores were studied. The relevance of the present research topic is explained by the importance of the window display design as a means of advertising for trade establishments helping to influence the consumer. A high-quality window display design encourages a person to enter a store and definitely motivates to make a purchase. Opening of new trade spots and redesign of interiors of existing stores take place in conditions of active competition. It is important to analyze the world and national trends of design of window displays of famous brands in the sphere of fashion, and their development, to identify common and distinctive features, as well as individual characteristics, with account for the industry and regional context. Window displays are powerful and effective tools of trade advertising. They familiarize passers-by with store goods, novelties, promotions and seasonal changes, and also act as a business card of a shop. Window displays with interesting design help buyers to navigate through new fashion trends. The design primarily affects the visual perception of goods. Quite often, people switch from looking at a skillfully decorated shop window to the product itself as its integral part. That is why the object of advertising affects the psychology of a person more strongly than its image in a photo. Direct visual contact with the product gives a person the most accurate information about its shape, size, color, and texture. Having analyzed the experience of foreign designers in the sphere of window display design, we can note the notable differences in design and formation of the exposition. Window displays of national brands are distinguished by sophistication, minimalism of shapes and colors that are close in tone to the clothing brand itself, while foreign store windows, on the contrary, make “loud” appearance of new collections, have a contrast combination of shapes and colors, aimed at enhancing the impression on customers. They are characterized by an asymmetric structure of the composition, a bright color scheme, use of shiny materials, hyperbolization of dimensions, and accentuation of the central element of the composition. Non-standard plots and colors can be seen in window displays of famous clothing stores. Designers engage famous artists to create installations with the use of lighting and illusion effects to attract the attention of customers. This study supplemented the existing scientific researches in the sphere of window display design of stores of famous clothing brands and comprehensively analyzed the issue of window display design with account for compositional and technical methods and tools.

Fiscal illusion and income inequality: an empirical investigation

PurposeThe present study investigates the role of fiscal illusion on income inequality in 46 selected countries in terms of income and development levels from 2002 to 2017.Design/methodology/approachThe effect of fiscal illusion on income inequality is tested using the two-step system generalized method of moment (SYS-GMM) estimator.FindingsThe findings reveal the negative effect of fiscal illusion on income inequality, which means increasing fiscal illusion decreases income inequality in 46 selected countries. As in other countries, income inequality declines when fiscal illusion increases in high-income and developed countries, although the redistributive effect of fiscal illusion is more in high-income and developed countries than in other countries. In addition, the results demonstrate the positive effect of unemployment, urbanization and inflation as well as the negative effect of trade openness on income inequality in all three models.Originality/valuePrevious studies have examined the role of government in controlling income inequality from different perspectives; however, no study has detected the role of government in income distribution regarding fiscal illusion.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-05-2022-0311.

The Effects of Enfacement Illusion on Self and Other Perception and Relevant Implications

Perceiving self is one of the crucial issues discussed in psychology. Studies have suggested that the evaluation of the self could be manipulated by divergent factors and operations. Some experiments proved the variability of self-concept. A typical instance is the rubber hand illusion, causing a discrepancy between the visual and tactile sensation and the confusion of identity. Enfacement illusion, similarly, have the resembling influence but focuses on the human face instead of the hand. Its an important phenomenon with the significant meaning of being related to the perception of self and other. The impact of the enfacement effect on one's perspective of oneself and that of others was examined through the analysis of recent research, with further implications given. Discussions done in this paper could make contributions in the area of comprehension of self and other. First, various fingdings bring up the individualized irregularity that emerged among people. Second, according to plenty of studies, enfacement has the potential to encourage the establishment of relationships with more intimacy. Thirdly, studies on illusions other than the perception of faces were conducted, and they demonstrated similarities to the enfacement illusion's effect. Limitations of not elaborating on compound factors associated exist in previous research. Addition explorations are required for examining the causation of values altered. This review can provide some suggestions for intervention studies and applications in children with social functioning deficits.

Upper Body Thermal Referral and Tactile Masking for Localized Feedback.

This paper investigates the effects of thermal referral and tactile masking illusions to achieve localized thermal feedback on the upper body. Two experiments are conducted. The first experiment uses a 2D array of sixteen vibrotactile actuators (4 × 4) with four thermal actuators to explore the thermal distribution on the user's back. A combination of thermal and tactile sensations is delivered to establish the distributions of thermal referral illusions with different numbers of vibrotactile cues. The result confirms that localized thermal feedback can be achieved through cross-modal thermo-tactile interaction on the user's back of the body. The second experiment is conducted to validate our approach by comparing it with thermal-only conditions with an equal and higher number of thermal actuators in VR. The results show that our thermal referral with a tactile masking approach with a lesser number of thermal actuators achieves higher response time and better location accuracy than thermal-only conditions. Our findings can contribute to thermal-based wearable design to achieve greater user performance and experiences.

Development of Neural Network Recognition Model for Optical Illusion Images

In the battlefield, tank armored vehicles have high mobility, strong defense and stable transportation capabilities, and play a role that cannot be ignored. However, its appearance and camouflage pattern design often have the camouflage effect of geometric optical illusion. The good recognition effect can ensure the safety of soldiers, and also avoid the loss of life and property of the people by accidentally hitting the surrounding houses. Therefore, how to quickly and effectively identify its appearance has become an urgent problem to be solved in the military. In this paper, the outline of the vehicle is disassembled into 12 most representative basic shapes for analysis, using image preprocessing technology, invariant moment feature extraction, and developing a BPNN(back propagation neural network) recognition model, which effectively improves the recognition rate of tank armored vehicles over above 95%.

Polarization-Insensitive Metasurface Cloak for Dynamic Illusions with an Electromagnetic Transparent Window.

Artificial camouflage has garnered long-standing interest in both academia and industry. The metasurface-based cloak has attracted much attention due to the powerful capability of manipulating the electromagnetic wave, convenient multifunctional integration design, and easy fabrication. However, existing metasurface-based cloaks tend to be passive and of single function and monopolarization, which cannot meet the requirement of applications in ever-changing environments. So far, it is still challenging to realize a reconfigurable full-polarization metasurface cloak with multifunctional integration. Herein, we proposed an innovative metasurface cloak, which can simultaneously realize dynamic illusion effects at lower frequencies (e.g., 4.35 GHz) and specific microwave transparency at higher frequencies (e.g., X band) for communication with the outside environment. These electromagnetic functionalities are demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The simulation and measurement results agree well with each other, indicating that our metasurface cloak can generate various electromagnetic illusions for full polarizations as well as a polarization-insensitive transparent window for the signal transmission to enable the communication between the cloaked device and the outside environment. It is believed that our design can offer powerful camouflage tactics to address the stealth problem in ever-changing environments.

Reduced likelihood of the Poggendorff illusion in cerebellar strokes: a clinical and neuroimaging study.

This study aimed to test our hypothesis that the cerebellum plays an important role in the generation of the optical-geometric illusion known as the Poggendorff illusion, the mechanism of which has been explained by accumulated experience with natural scene geometry. A total of 79 participants, comprising 28 patients with isolated cerebellar stroke, 27 patients with isolated cerebral stroke and 24 healthy controls, performed Poggendorff illusion tasks and 2 different control tasks. We also investigated core brain regions underpinning changes in the experience of the illusion effect using multivariate lesion-symptom mapping. Our results indicate that patients with isolated cerebellar stroke were significantly less likely to experience the Poggendorff illusion effect than patients with isolated cerebral stroke or healthy controls (74.6, 90.5 and 89.8%, respectively; F(2,76) = 6.675, P = 0.002). However, there were no inter-group differences in the control tasks. Lesion-symptom mapping analysis revealed that the brain lesions associated with the reduced frequency of the Poggendorff illusion effect were mainly centred on the right posteromedial cerebellar region, including the right lobules VI, VII, VIII, IX and Crus II. Our findings demonstrated, for the first time, that patients with cerebellar damage were significantly less likely to experience the Poggendorff illusion effect and that right posteromedial cerebellar lesions played an important role in this effect. These results provide new insight into alterations of a geometric illusion effect in patients with cerebellar disorders and pave the way for future clinical use of the illusion task to detect cerebellar abnormalities.

Effects of Academic Self-efficacy and Illusion of Competency of middle school students on Grade Prediction and Academic Achievement

Effects of Academic Self-efficacy and Illusion of Competency of middle school students on Grade Prediction and Academic Achievement

The art of plucking the goose: Chinese urban residents' tax consciousness

AbstractPublic finance lies at the heart of politics. It shapes citizens' political attitudes and behaviors. While the expenditure side has been studied very extensively, the income side has been neglected, especially in authoritarian regimes. Taking China as an ideal case, we use a nation‐wide random sample of urban residents to study how citizens under strong authoritarian states perceive their tax burdens. We find that Chinese citizens have low tax consciousness, defined as the perception of fairness both in comparison to people they know and to the amount of public goods they receive. Citizens' income, the amount of public goods they receive, and media consumption have important effects on their tax perception. We argue that there are three mechanisms used by China's “half‐tax state” to reduce their citizens' tax perception: (1) reduce the salience of people's tax burden, conditional on their income level, (2) generate fiscal illusion effects while providing public services in return for taxes paid, and (3) use propaganda to shape the ideology of tax compliance.

Metacognitive Illusions: A Positivity Effect in Judgments of Learning for Older but Not Younger Adults

The positivity effect for metacognitive judgments (judgments of learning, JOLs) of emotional words in recognition memory was shown in older adults, in contrast to younger adults, who typically displayed the emotional salience effect. This is compatible with the socioemotional selection theory, which suggests the presence of a positive stimulus bias in older adults' cognitive processes. This study examined whether the positivity effect and age-related differences could be extended to a picture study to determine whether the positivity effect in older adults is robust in the metacognitive domain. Younger and older adults studied negative, positive, and neutral pictures, followed by JOLs and then a recognition test that asked participants to judge whether the picture was shown in the studying stage or not. Age-related differences were found not only in recognition memory performance for emotional pictures but also in JOLs and their accuracy. Younger adults showed an emotional salience effect for both memory performance and JOLs. Older adults' JOLs showed a positivity effect, but their actual memory performance was influenced by emotion, and this inconsistency between metacognitive judgments and memory performance is a metacognitive illusion. These findings support the cross-material replicability of a positivity bias in older adults in the metacognitive domain and suggest that we should be cautioned about the detrimental effects of this metacognitive illusion in older adults. It illustrates an age difference in the effect of emotion on individual metacognitive monitoring ability.

Projection Mapping-Based Interactive Gimmick Picture Book with Visual Illusion Effects

In this study, we proposed an electronic gimmick picture book system based on projection mapping for early childhood education in ordinary households. In our system, the visual effects of pop-up gimmicks in books are electronically reproduced by combining projection mapping, three-dimensional expression, and visual illusion effects. In addition, the proposed projector-camera system can provide children effective interaction experiences, which will have positive effects on their early childhood education. The performance of the proposed system was validated by projection experiments.

Andrea Mantegna's Wedding Chamber

The Wedding Chamber fresco, also known as Camera Picta, or La Camera Degli Sposi, painted by Andrea Mantegna at the dawn of the Renaissance, epitomizes the most outstanding expression of personal creativity and innovation from an artist that transformed the boundaries of representation and narrative inside the architectural space, to mix illusion and reality. He utilized the trompe l'oeil effect, the Oculus, and cinematic painted imaging on the walls, to reveal a world of fictional and symbolic situations combined with classical mythology. However, Andrea Mantegna playfully organized these compositional components, inaugurating a proto-technological system of visualization that transforms the viewer's perception in an immersive experience that goes beyond the mere effect of illusion. The research and the development of the installation described and explained with deconstruction of what Mantegna expressed masterfully at the end of the 15th century in the Saint Giorgio Castle in Mantua, Italy.

Warming Up With a Dynamic Moment of Inertia Bat Can Increase Bat Swing Speed in Competitive Baseball Players.

While most baseball players' warm-up with a weighted bat/donut, there is evidence to suggest the swing speed decreases after the warm-up even though the bat feels lighter. Warming up with a dynamic moment of inertia bat may not decrease the swing speed and therefore improve the performance of baseball players. The hypothesis is that a dynamic moment of inertia bat will negate the effect of the kinesthetic illusion observed with a weighted bat. To measure the difference in bat swing speed between warming up with the dynamic moment of inertia bat compared with a weighted bat. Thirty-nine competitive baseball players participated in the study. All players were randomly assigned a warm-up tool that could be either a dynamic moment of inertia bat or a weighted bat. After the players' warm-up, they swung their normal bat, and the bat swing speed was measured using a high-speed camera. We used motion analysis software to calculate the swing speed which measured the linear displacement during the last 15 frames before ball contact. The process was then repeated so that each player had the chance to try both warm-up bats. The post warm-up swing speeds using the dynamic moment of inertia bat were significantly faster compared with a weighted bat warm-up. There was a 0.56 (0.78)m/s (1.26 [1.74]mph) increase in swing speed when using the dynamic moment of inertia bat (P = .0001), which is an average increase of 2.10% compared with a weighted bat warm-up. Our findings suggest that using a dynamic moment of inertia bat before an at-bat can increase swing speed compared with a weighted warm-up. Future studies are needed to determine if using a dynamic moment of inertia bat as part of rehabilitation can facilitate returning to competition after injury by focusing on swing speed.

I want to believe: Prior beliefs influence judgments about the effectiveness of both alternative and scientific medicine

AbstractPrevious research suggests that people may develop stronger causal illusions when the existence of a causal relationship is consistent with their prior beliefs. In the present study, we hypothesized that prior pseudoscientific beliefs will influence judgments about the effectiveness of both alternative medicine and scientific medicine. Participants (N = 98) were exposed to an adaptation of the standard causal illusion task in which they had to judge whether two fictitious treatments, one described as conventional medicine and the other as alternative medicine, could heal the crises caused by two different syndromes. Since both treatments were completely ineffective, those believing that any of the two medicines worked were exhibiting a causal illusion. Participants also responded to the Pseudoscience Endorsement Scale (PES) and some questions about trust in alternative therapies that were taken from the Survey on the Social Perception of Science and Technology conducted by FECYT. The results replicated the causal illusion effect and extended them by revealing an interaction between the prior pseudoscientific beliefs and the scientific/pseudoscientific status of the fictitious treatment. Individuals reporting stronger pseudoscientific beliefs were more vulnerable to the illusion in both scenarios, whereas participants with low adherence to pseudoscientific beliefs seemed to be more resistant to the illusion in the alternative medicine scenario.

일본의 대표적 현대 그래픽디자이너의 표현 특성과 미의식의 재조명

This study re-examined the expression characteristics and aesthetic consciousness of Yusaku Kamekura, Ikko Tanaka, Shikeo Fukuda, Tadanori Yokoo, and Hara Kenya, representative Japanese graphic designers who have attracted the attention of the world's design industry from the 1960s to the present. In particular, the first-generation designer after World War II, Yusaku Kamekura has received worldwide attention by expressing the sun of the Japanese flag in a simple circle for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics poster, and Ikko Tanaka expressed the traditional theme simply and clearly at Nihonbuyo. While the posters of Kamekura and Tanaka expressed traditional materials in a simple and clear way from a modern perspective, Shigeo Fukuda's posters showed a modern expression trend that maximized the effect of optical illusions. Tadanori Yokoo used traditional Japanese materials in poster design and simultaneously expressed pop art and psychedelic expressions that deviated from Western modernism. Finally, Hara Kenya is actively realizing the design of blank space with the aesthetics of emptiness. The source of such modern graphic design in Japan can be ideologically pointed out as the Buddhist ideology of emptiness and Zen, Wabi & Sabi, Shutaku, Reductionism, and in terms of style, Ukiyoe, Linpa, Western modernism. Modern Japanese graphic design, which forms the mainstream with simple forms, abstract shapes, and simple colors, sought to harmonize and balance its unique cultural identity and global universality, and designers reflected their own formative language in their work. It can be said that it is a tendency of Japanese designers to express the harmony of Japanese traditional culture and Western modernism amid the trend of modernism. This aspect can be seen as a reflection of the perception of the design world to visualize Japan's modern image as an economic and a cultural power at the same time. In particular, the poster of 5 people reflected cultural traditions and aesthetic consciousness, while re-examining the glocal Hwahonyangjae of Japanese modern graphic design that aims for universal design at the same time. In particular, in the area of graphic design, where alphabetic culture design is the mainstream, Japanese design uses Chinese characters, hirakana, and katakana, forming a unique Japanese style graphic design foundation that is highly recognized worldwide. It is expected to contribute to the spread of K-Design's external awareness along with an opportunity to examine the universality and differences inherent in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese philosophies and aesthetics through a study on the expression characteristics and aesthetic consciousness of Japanese modern graphic design.

The Effect of Large Visual Illusion and External Focus of Attention on Gaze Behavior and Learning of Dart Throw Skill

Research has shown that large visual illusions and an external focus of attention can improve novice’s motor learning. However, the combined effects of these approaches and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be studied. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of a large visual illusion and an external focus on the learning of a dart throwing task in novices and measured the perceptual mechanisms underpinning learning using quiet eye. Forty novice participants were randomly divided into four groups: large visual illusion, external focus of attention, combined large visual illusion and external focus of attention, and control group. The study consisted of a pretest, a practice phase, an immediate retention test, a 24-hr retention test, and a transfer test. Results revealed that all groups increased throwing accuracy and quiet eye duration from pretest to immediate retention. In the immediate retention, 24-hr retention, and transfer test, large visual illusion had greater accuracy and longer quiet eye duration than the control group. In addition, there were no significant differences between the visual illusion and external focus groups for throwing accuracy and quiet eye duration. The findings suggest that combining large visual illusion and external focus can independently improve motor learning but combining these manipulations does not have additive benefits.

Effects of visual-motor illusions with different visual stimuli on the sit-to-stand of people with hemiplegia following stroke: A randomized crossover controlled trial

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of different visual stimuli during visual-motor illusion on sit-to-stand in people with hemiplegia following stroke. MethodsThis was a randomized crossover controlled trial. Twenty people with hemiplegia following stroke were randomly divided into groups. The video images used for visual-motor illusion were ankle dorsiflexion without resistance (standard visual-motor illusion [standard illusion]) and maximum effort dorsiflexion with resistance (power visual-motor illusion [power illusion]). People with hemiplegia following stroke underwent both illusion interventions with a 1-week washout period in between; group A started with the standard illusion intervention and group B started with the power illusion intervention. Outcomes included the sit-to-stand duration, maximum weight-bearing value, trunk movement during sit-to-stand, ankle joint movement during sit-to-stand, and active ankle dorsiflexion movement on the paralyzed side. ResultsThe angular velocity of the trunk and ankle joints increased significantly during sit-to-stand, and sit-to-stand duration decreased significantly in response only to power illusion. In addition, the change in angular velocity of active ankle dorsiflexion was significantly greater in response to power illusion than was the change in response to standard illusion. ConclusionPower illusion induces a greater improvement in paralyzed ankle dorsiflexion function than standard illusion, resulting in shorter sit-to-stand duration.

The Effect of the Combination of Visual Illusion and External Focus of Attention on Learning Dart Throwing Skill in Novices

Background: Although studies has shown the effectiveness of large visual illusion and external focus of attention on motor learning in novices, there is no research evidence about the combined effect of these variables. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of large visual illusion and external focus of attention on learning dart throwing skill in novices. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 40 novice participants aged 18-40 voluntarily participated and were randomly divided into four groups; large visual illusion, external focus of attention, combined, and control group. The study consisted of a pre-test, practice phase, post-test, and retention test. Data analysis was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 20 (P≤0.05). Results: The results of the analysis of the variance test for the acquisition of dart throwing performance showed that all three effects of stage, group, and interaction were significant (P≤0.05). Accuracy increased in all groups, from pre-test to post-test. In the post-test and retention test, the experimental groups were more accurate than the control group; however, no significant difference was observed between them (P>0.05). Conclusion: External focus instructions and manipulations that enhance more perceptual processes may lead to optimal performance and learning. The findings of the present study suggest that although combining large visual illusion and external focus can independently improve motor learning, the combination of these manipulations has no additive benefits.

Visual illusions influence proceduralized sports performance.

Does the Ebbinghaus visual illusion really influence sports performances? Does the influence depend on the type of knowledge (procedural vs. declarative) that guides movement? To address these questions, we evaluated the knowledge hypothesis, a novel hypothesis according to which the more sports performance relies on procedural knowledge, the more it will be influenced by visual illusions. In the context of golf putting, we first used the high-error/low-error motor-learning technique (Experiment 1) or varied the number of practice trials (Experiment 2) to induce novice participants to rely more on procedural knowledge than on declarative knowledge (or vice versa). We then manipulated the perceived size of two golf holes by projecting a ring of small or large circles around them, which caused the holes to appear larger or smaller, respectively. This Ebbinghaus visual illusion had an influence on putting in both experiments. We also observed a pattern of findings consistent with the knowledge hypothesis: the procedural groups were moderately influenced by the illusion when putting, but the declarative groups were influenced only weakly, at best. Among the participants most sensitive to the illusion, the analyses confirmed a significantly stronger influence for the procedural group. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the effect of visual illusions on sports performance is a reliable phenomenon for proceduralized actions. The knowledge hypothesis represents an attractive way of reconciling earlier divergent findings.

Visuo-thermal congruency modulates the sense of body ownership

Thermosensation has been redefined as an interoceptive modality that provides information about the homeostatic state of the body. However, the contribution of thermosensory signals to the sense of body ownership remains unclear. Across two rubber hand illusion (RHI) experiments (N = 73), we manipulated the visuo-thermal congruency between the felt and seen temperature, on the real and rubber hand respectively. We measured the subjectively experienced RHI, the perceived hand location and temperature of touch, and monitored skin temperature. We found that visuo-thermal incongruencies between the seen and felt touch reduced the subjective and behavioural RHI experience (Experiment 1). Visuo-thermal incongruencies also gave rise to a visuo-thermal illusion effect, but only when the rubber hand was placed in a plausible position (Experiment 2) and when considering individual differences in interoceptive sensibility. Thus, thermosensation contributes to the sense of body ownership by a mechanism of dynamic integration of visual and thermosensory signals.