Effect Of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Research Articles

Effects of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose and Sulfated Rice Bran Polysaccharide Coating on Quality Maintenance of Cherry Tomatoes during Cold Storage.

Cherry tomatoes are easily damaged due to their high moisture content. A composite coating was developed to delay deterioration and prolong storage by mixing antibacterial sulfated rice bran polysaccharides (SRBP) and edible hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) with film-forming properties. The effects of HEC, HEC-5% SRBP, and HEC-20% SRBP preservative coatings on the maintenance of the quality of cherry tomatoes (LycopersivonesculentumMill., Xiaohuang F2) during cold storage were investigated. The HEC-20% SRBP coating significantly reduced tomato deterioration and weight loss, delayed firmness loss, decreased polyphenol oxidase activity, and increased peroxidase activity. Furthermore, cherry tomatoes treated with HEC-20% SRBP maintained high levels of titratable acid, ascorbic acid, total phenols, and carotenoids. Cherry tomatoes coated with HEC-SRBP also had higher levels of volatile substances and a greater variety of these substances compared to uncoated tomatoes. In conclusion, the HEC-20% SRBP coating effectively delayed deterioration and preserved cherry tomatoes' nutrient and flavor qualities during postharvest cold storage, suggesting it could be a novel food preservation method.

Effect of HEC (Hydroxyethyl Cellulose) Polymer on Nanoemulsion-Based Curcumin Transdermal Patch Release

Curcumin a hydrophobic polyphenolic compound and water-insoluble that creates low systemic bioavailability inside the body, has broad pharmacological activity, including anti-inflammation. This study aims to formulate, characterize and evaluate the nanoemulsion based on curcumin through an in vitro transdermal patch preparation. This study starts from formulating a curcumin nanoemulsion solution and characterizing the particle size of curcumin through PSA (Particle Size Analyzer). Further, it formulates the transdermal patch preparation with the smallest curcumin particles within three concentrations (HEC 0,625%, 1,25%, and 2,5%) combined with HPMC 2,5% as polymer. Those formulations are evaluated through organoleptic, thickness, weight uniformity, humidity, and folding resistance tests. In the next step, this study examines the penetration through an in vitro by using a franz diffusion cell within 72 hours. The result shows increasing penetration on each formula where the best penetrations occur in the 15th and 24th hours. It also discovers that the formula containing HEC 2,5% (2c) creates the highest cumulative drug penetration (15,83%). Therefore, it deduces that curcumin nanoemulsion in the transdermal patch has good characteristics and is compatible between drug and polymer.

Artificial neural network investigation of injectability and percolation of highly filled β -Tricalcium phosphate suspensions

Over the past few decades, calcium phosphate cement has been used successfully for bone reconstruction applications. As percutaneous surgical methods have developed, there is an increased interest in calcium phosphate cement injection behavior. The aim of this study is to minimize percolation (liquid phase migration under pressure) and maximize injectability (ratio of the extruded part to whole) of highly filled β-tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP) suspensions by varying capillary flow process parameters with an artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The effects of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) were also studied as binder additives for injectable β-tri calcium phosphate pastes. Prepared suspensions were investigated by capillary and small amplitude oscillatory rheometry. The study predicted experimental input and output data by using Backpropagation Neural networks via the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The ANN model was developed by feed-forward back propagation network and predict percolation (%) and injectability (%). A great agreement was observed between the predicted values by the ANN model and the experimental data for injectability (%) and percolation (regression coefficients) of 0.9984 and 0.9982 respectively. The results depict that ANNs can improve the accuracy of injectability and percolation results which can be used to optimize process and additive parameters for injectable bone cements and pastes. 2 wt% HEC was determined as the most effective factor to improve the rheological properties of highly filled β-TCP pastes which could be injected as much as 99.21 % at a rate of 15 mm/min through dies with L/D ratio of 15. Their percolation value was calculated as 0.82 %. Lubricative effect of PEG-400 additive with 2 wt% HEC to reduce injection force was also demonstrated.

Effects of hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium alginate edible coating containing asparagus waste extract on postharvest quality of strawberry fruit

Edible coatings have been used as a medium for the incorporation of functional compounds to maintain postharvest quality parameters of fruits. In this study, we explored the influence of 1.5 g/100 mL hydroxyethyl cellulose coatings (HEC1.5), 1.5 g/100 mL sodium alginate coatings (SA1.5), and the composite coatings of 1.0 g/100 mL HEC and 0.5 g/100 mL SA (HEC1.0/SA0.5) containing asparagus waste extraction on quality of strawberry fruit. The fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope images showed that the HEC1.0/SA0.5 coatings displayed a continuous, smooth and porous structure. The HEC1.0/SA0.5 coatings also exhibited favorable anti-fungal activity against Penicillium italicum. Furthermore, the HEC1.0/SA0.5 coatings significantly delayed color change (ΔE), reduced weight loss, and maintained total phenolic and flavonoid contents. These results indicated that the application of HEC and SA based edible coatings containing asparagus waste extract could be an effective, safe and environmentally friendly approach to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of strawberry fruit.

Novel in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system based on gellan gum and hydroxyethylcellulose: Innovative rheological characterization, in vitro and in vivo evidence of a sustained precorneal retention time.

Achieving drug delivery at the ocular level encounters many challenges and obstacles. In situ gelling delivery systems are now widely used for topical ocular administration and recognized as a promising strategy to improve the treatment of a wide range of ocular diseases. The present work describes the formulation and evaluation of a mucoadhesive and ion-activated in situ gelling delivery system based on gellan gum and hydroxyethylcellulose for the delivery of phenylephrine and tropicamide. First, physico-chemical characteristics were assessed to ensure suitable properties regarding ocular administration. Then, rheological properties such as viscosity and gelation capacity were determined. Gelation capacity of the formulations and the effect of hydroxyethylcellulose on viscosity were demonstrated. A new rheological method was developed to assess the gel resistance under simulated eye blinking. Afterward, mucoadhesion was evaluated using tensile strength test and rheological synergism method in both rotational and oscillatory mode allowing mucoadhesive properties of hydroxyethylcellulose to be point out. Finally, residence time on the ocular surface was investigated in vivo, using cyanine 5.5 dye as a fluorescent marker entrapped in the in situ gelling delivery systems. Residence performance was studied by non-invasive optical imaging on vigilant rabbits, allowing eye blinking and nasolacrimal drainage to occur physiologically. Fluorescence intensity profiles pointed out a prolonged residence time on the ocular surface region for the developed formulations compared to conventional eye drops, suggesting in vitro / in vivo correlations between rheological properties and in vivo residence performances.

Rheological studies and optimization of Herschel–Bulkley parameters of an environmentally friendly drilling fluid using genetic algorithm

The Herschel–Bulkley rheological parameters of an environmentally friendly drilling fluid formulated based on an Algerian bentonite and two polymers—hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol—have been optimized using a genetic algorithm. The effect of hydroxyethyl cellulose, temperature, pH and sodium chloride (NaCl) on the three-parameter Herschel-Bulkley model was also studied. The genetic algorithm technique provided improved rheological parameter characterization compared to the nonlinear regression, especially in the case of drilling fluids formulated with sodium chloride making it a better choice. Furthermore, the oscillatory test offered more reliable yield stress values. The rheological parameters were found to be very sensitive to different conditions. Yield stress and consistency index increased with increasing the hydroxyethyl cellulose concentration, reaching maximum at a temperature of 65 °C and decreased with decreasing pH and also when adding sodium chloride to the drilling fluid. The flow index changed inversely to yield stress and consistency index. The physical origins of these changes in rheological parameters were discussed and correlation between variation in rheological parameters and bentonite suspension properties were concluded. Based on these results, it is recommended to use the proposed formulation of drilling fluid at high temperature and when the formation of alkaline pH is encountered due to the gelation mechanism and to select the optimum concentration of NaCl to avoid degradation of the rheological parameters.

On the roles of HEC in Pechini sol-gel method: Enhancement of stability, wettability of the sol and surface roughness of Bi2212 film

Bi2212 superconducting thin film was prepared through a modified Pechini sol-gel method called surfactant assisted Pechini. Nitrates were used as reactors, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was adopted as chelating agent and surfactant respectively to prepare sol for Bi2212 film. The effects of HEC on the phase formation, crystallization behavior, morphology and superconductivity of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and the standard four-probe method. C-axis epitaxial Bi2212 thin film with high Bi2212 phase purity was obtained through the modified method, and the sample had good crystallization properties, smooth surface and excellent electrical transport properties. Furthermore, a model is proposed to clarify the roles of surfactant in the preparation of Bi2212 films.

Effects of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose and Colloidal Silica Abrasive on the Hydrophilicity of Polished Si Wafer Surfaces

Final polishing processes are important to produce a clean surface in Si semiconductor wafers. Final polishing is carried out using a slurry that typically comprises colloidal silica, alkaline and a water-soluble polymer. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) has been widely used as a water-soluble polymer to impart hydrophilic properties to the polished wafer surface in order to reduce defects. In this study, we examined the effects of HEC concentration on the hydrophilicity of the polished wafer surface. We show correlations between the free HEC concentration in slurry liquid phase, friction during polishing, and hydrophilicity of the polished wafer surface. Furthermore, we show that the residual silica abrasive on the wafer enhances its hydrophilicity. These results show that HEC in the slurry not only acts as a hydrophilizing agent but also as an adsorptive medium between the wafer and silica. Silica has a highly hydrophilic surface owing to the presence of Si-O− groups on its surface. Therefore, a highly hydrophilic surface of polished wafer is achieved by adsorptive HEC as well as silica adsorbed on the wafer, bound by HEC. This mechanism is useful to develop new final polishing slurries to produce ultra-clean Si wafers.

Investigation of the stabilizing effects of hydroxyethyl cellulose on LDH during freeze drying and freeze thawing cycles

The objective of this study was to investigate both the cryoprotective and lyoprotective effects of the polymer hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) on the model protein lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during freeze thawing and freeze drying cycles. The effect of annealing on both protein stability and the physical state of HEC was evaluated. HEC was used as a sole excipient in the protein formulations, and its stabilizing was compared to that of other excipients which are commonly used in freeze dried protein formulations. Furthermore, other quality aspects of the freeze dried samples containing solely HEC were investigated, such as, reconstitution time and product elegance. Protein stability was evaluated functionally by measuring the activity recovery of the model protein LDH. The physical state of HEC after freeze drying was investigated and compared to this of other studied solutes using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. HEC showed superior cryoprotective effects on LDH during freeze thawing, and considerable lyoprotective effects during the freeze drying process. Annealing had limited influence on the stabilizing effect of HEC. The extensive reconstitution times of the HEC lyophilisates could be greatly improved by incorporation of the surfactant Tween 80 into the formulations prior to freeze drying.

The Effect of Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC) and Chloride Ions on the Surface Morphology and Mechanical Characteristics during Copper Electrodeposition

The effect of additives on the surface morphology and mechanical characteristics during copper electrodeposition on the polyimide(PI) film was investigated. Two kinds of additives such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC) and chloride ions were used in this study. Electrodeposition was carried out with the constant current density of 200 mA/cm2 for 68 seconds. Electrochemical experiments, in conjunction with SEM, XRD, AFM and four-point probe, were performed to characterize the morphology and mechanical characteristics of copper electrodeposited in the presence of the additives. The minimum surface roughness of copper deposit was obtained when deposited with 10 ppm of chloride ions. The minimum value of surface roughness (rms value) was 97.05 nm. And the optimum amount of additives to improve the electromigration resistance and ductility of the deposit was a combination of 1 ppm HEC and 10 ppm chloride ions.

The Effect of Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose(HEC) on the Surface Morphology and Mechanical Characteristis of Copper Electrodeposition

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of additives and composition on copper surface morphology and mechanical characteristics by copper electrodeposition. Additives such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose(HEC), chloride ion were used in this study. Electrochemical experiments allied to SEM, XRD, AFM and four- point probe were performed to characterize the morphology and mechanical characters of copper in the presence of additives. Among various electrodeposition conditions, the minimum surface roughness of copper foil was obtained when electrodeposited at the current density of 200 mA/<TEX>$cm^2$</TEX> for 68 seconds with 2 ppm of HEC. The minimum value of surface roughness(Rms) was 107.6 nm. It is copper foil is good for electromigration inhibition due to preferential crystal growth of Cu (111) deposited in the electrolyte containing chloride ions(10 ppm) and HEC(1 ppm).

Effects of hydroxyethyl cellulose and oxalic acid on the properties of cement

Effects of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), oxalic acid and their binary mixtures {1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 (by mass)} on the properties of ordinary Portland cement have been studied using up to 4% admixtures. Variations in setting time, heat of hydration, strength, hardness and fracture toughness have been determined. FT-IR and XRD have been utilized to determine the phase compositions of the material. Corrosion resistance against H 2SO 4, HCl and seawater has been studied by determining the loss in mass of cement mortars. It was found that HEC acts as a retarder and oxalic acid as an accelerator. The binary mixture (1:3) has increased the heat of hydration, strength, hardness, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance. Interaction between HEC, oxalic acid and cement hydration products takes place, and new phases are formed in the presence of water, which lead to the formation of stronger bonds and the sealing of the pores in the resulting product causing decreased water absorption as compared to ordinary Portland cement.