Humoral Effects Research Articles

Прагмалингвистический аспект речевой деятельности политика на примере медиавысказываний с комическим эффектом

To study the speech behaviour of a politician by the method of a pragmalinguistic experiment, the personality of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov was chosen, who is not coincidentally called “the Minister of sharp phrases” in the media. The aim of the work is to establish how his speech behaviour and the features of the speech he produces depend on the choice of the speech means (grammatical and textual) selected by the politician, which may indicate some qualitative features of his personality as an author. Attaining the research aim involves identifying a fragment of the politician’s speech portrait taking into account the quantitative data of the plans of the strategy “Participation/non-participation of communicants in a speech event”. All texts were divided into small syntactic groups, the total number of analysed units was 113. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the use of a set of methods helped to identify for the first time a fragment of the politician’s speech portrait based on the analysis of his influencing media statements with a humorous effect. The described experiment concerns an emotion-oriented strategy of covert influence, which includes three plans: personal, social and subject, each of them acts as a diagnostic one to determine the personal qualities of the sender of the text. As a result, the analysis showed that S. V. Lavrov’s speech behaviour is dominated by the social plan – 43.4%, indicating a great influence of the speech of the politician who not only possesses purposeful individualisation, but also social, political intentions, has an ideological attitude.

Коммуникативно-прагматический потенциал прецедентности в комическом тексте

The aim of the research is to substantiate the communicative-pragmatic status of precedence in a humorous text realised in the interaction of various types of precedent phenomena and the “overlap” of their perception by a character and the reader using the material of F. Iskander’s story “Chick and Pushkin”. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the change in the attribution of precedent phenomena to universally precedent or socially precedent under the influence of socio-cultural factors, as well as in shedding light on the mechanism of production and functioning of the humorous in terms of literary text precedence. As a result, it has been determined that precedent phenomena are capable of producing a humorous effect in a literary text, which in most cases turns out to be associated not with the plot situations themselves, but with the “overlap” of perception and the variability of ideas about the perception of precedent phenomena by a character and the reader fixed in the cognitive base. In addition, it has been found that the tendency to synthesise precedent phenomena manifested in their interaction in a humorous fiction text determines the deepening of the communicative-pragmatic potential of such a text, relying on the reader’s cognitive base and the contamination of various cultural codes that are correlated in this base with historical epochs and source domains of precedent phenomena.

Study of Humor Research from the Perspective of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in Comic Sketch “Huan Bu Huan”

Comic sketch has become an essential part of the China Media Group Spring Festival Gala Evening stage every year. Its form is simple and the verbal has some kind of humor. Through the dialogue between the person, the comic sketch is loved by the audience. To make jokes, the actors in the comic sketches often violate the Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle to realize the pragmatic functions of humor. Grice’s Cooperative Principle in daily communication, communicators should follow the principle of a particular task. Linguist Leech put forward the Politeness Principle. The principle is an addition to the Cooperative Principle and is further extended. This paper under the perspective of the Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in the comic sketch Huan bu huan of the 2022 China Media Group Spring Festival Gala Evening, some humorous dialogues are analyzed. Results showed that these dialogues for violating the rules produced between the lines to achieve the humorous effect. The purpose of this paper is to deepen people’s understanding of comic sketch language and to provide a reference for the audience to appreciate the unique artistic and aesthetic value of the comic sketch.

Primary SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: long-term humoral immune responses and effects on disease activity

BackgroundPatients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on immunosuppressants (ISPs) may have impaired long-term humoral immune responses and increased disease activity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to investigate long-term humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and increased disease activity after a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated IMID patients on ISPs.MethodsIMID patients on active treatment with ISPs and controls (i.e. IMID patients not on ISP and healthy controls) with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection before first vaccination were included from an ongoing prospective cohort study (T2B! study). Clinical data on infections and increased disease activity were registered using electronic surveys and health records. A serum sample was collected before first vaccination to measure SARS-CoV-2 anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies.ResultsIn total, 193 IMID patients on ISP and 113 controls were included. Serum samples from 185 participants were available, with a median time of 173 days between infection and sample collection. The rate of seropositive IMID patients on ISPs was 78% compared to 100% in controls (p < 0.001). Seropositivity rates were lowest in patients on anti-CD20 (40.0%) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents (60.5%), as compared to other ISPs (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Increased disease activity after infection was reported by 68 of 260 patients (26.2%; 95% CI 21.2–31.8%), leading to ISP intensification in 6 out of these 68 patients (8.8%).ConclusionIMID patients using ISPs showed reduced long-term humoral immune responses after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was mainly attributed to treatment with anti-CD20 and anti-TNF agents. Increased disease activity after SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported commonly, but was mostly mild.Trial registrationNL74974.018.20, Trial ID: NL8900. Registered on 9 September 2020.

Using humor to increase COVID‐19 vaccination intention for the unvaccinated: The moderating role of trust in government

AbstractSince COVID‐19 was declared a global pandemic, scholars and practitioners have put much effort into testing effective advertising strategies for COVID‐19 vaccinations. Guided by humor theories, this study aimed to examine (1) the effect of humor on persuading COVID‐19 vaccination and (2) the moderating role of trust in government for the unvaccinated population. Across two studies (college students and general adult populations), for lower trust in government individuals, through greater public service advertisement (PSA) processing depth and believability, there was a higher vaccination intention after the humor (non‐humor) advertisement. For higher trust in government individuals, there was evidence that the vaccination intention was lowered after the humor (vs. non‐humor) message through lowered PSA processing depth and believability. This study expands humor theory into testing COVID‐19 vaccination messages while considering an individual psychological factor, trust in the government, that has emerged as an essential determinant to COVID‐19 messaging. The contributions to COVID‐19 vaccination advertising strategy and advertising to the unvaccinated population, in general, are discussed.

Use of Internet Memes in PSAs: Roles of Perceived Emotion, Involvement with Memes, and Attitudes Toward the Issuing Organization in Perceived PSA Effectiveness

ABSTRACT To help solve the diabetes problem in Singapore, we developed humorous and fearful public service announcements (PSAs) based on popular Internet memes and investigated how the emotions derived from PSAs affect Singaporean millennials’ perceptions of PSAs’ effectiveness. In total, 416 people participated in the study through a Singaporean online survey company. Multivariable linear regression methods with SPSS were used to examine our hypotheses and research questions. According to the results, message manipulation significantly increased participants’ perceived emotion (i.e. perceived humor and fear). Moreover, the results showed that perceived humor and fear were positively associated with perceived PSA effectiveness in both models, testing the humor effect and fear effect separately. As per the moderation analysis, the association between the perceived emotion (i.e. humor and fear) and the perceived PSA effectiveness is likely to increase when attitudes toward the organization are less positive. Moreover, the association between perceived fear and perceived PSA effectiveness is likely to increase when participants’ involvement with memes is low. Our findings highlight important theoretical and practical implications for future studies investigating the effectiveness of Internet meme-based PSA messages regarding serious health issues.

Impact of leader aggressive humor on employee extra-role behaviors: opposite moderating effects of team identification and professional identification

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of leader aggressive humor on employee extra-role behaviors of proactivity and creativity by probing feeling ostracized as a mediator and team identification and professional identification as boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachA survey sample of 347 employees was collected from three technology companies in Sichuan and Guizhou, China. Hierarchical regression analysis and PROCESS macro in SPSS were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that leader aggressive humor is negatively related to employee extra-role behaviors. Feeling ostracized is an important mechanism linking leader aggressive humor and employee extra-role behaviors and team identification and professional identification moderate the relationship.Practical implicationsOrganizations should make rules to prevent leaders from using aggressive humorous behaviors and encourage coworkers to show more affiliative funny behaviors during breaks to reduce employees' sense of ostracism.Originality/valueBuilding on sociometer theory, this research demonstrates the opposite moderating effects of team identification and professional identification in the effects of leader aggressive humor on feeling ostracized and consequently employee extra-role behaviors.

A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF HUMOR USED IN ENGLISH MEETING CLUB

Humor is kind of learning tactics which become someone’s style in doing certain methods or learning technique individually. The aim of this research is to found the types and the effects of humor in meeting club. The samples were the learners of Meeting club. The instrument of this research is Audio recording. Based on the result of this research, there are three types of humor appear in meeting club, likes Teasing, Banter and Joking and they are to create communicative teaching and learning, to activate learner in teaching and learning, to increase of the student's English ability especially speaking skill. Finally, it was strongly recommended and effectiveness for humor as an aid to learning and instruction, and trying to eliminate problem in learning English by considering the effects of using humor in Meeting club.

Does My Humor Touch You? Effect of Leader Self-Deprecating Humour on Employee Silence: The Mediating Role of Leader-Member Exchange.

Silence is a typical negative behaviour exhibited by employees when they are faced with tension and stress and is influenced by a number of factors. Leaders have an important influence on employees' emotions and behaviour, but the research is not yet clear enough. In this paper, we focus on the research frontier of self-deprecating humour of leaders, aiming to analyse its effect on employee silence and discuss the mechanism of the role of leader-member exchange (LMX) in it, based on social exchange theory. We conducted a regression analysis and bootstrap test for mediating effects based on 2531 data from 151 financial institutions in mainland China. A simple random sampling was taken of the target population to ensure an unbiased sample. Using Harman's single-factor test to check the data for common method bias. Regression analysis and Bootstrap test were used to analyze the correlation between variables and mediating effect models. (a) Leader self-deprecating humour significantly reduces employee silence and effectively improves the quality of LMX; (b) There is a significant negative relationship between LMX and employee silence; (c) LMX plays a mediating role in the process of self-deprecating humour influencing employee silence and this mediating effect is complete; (d) Affective exchange between leaders and employees appears to be an essential factor in reducing stress from leaders and reducing employee silence. We attempt to open the black box of the mechanism of action between leader self-deprecating humour and employee silence, enrich and expand the application of social exchange theory to negative employee behavior, and provide new theoretical knowledge and empirical evidence from developing countries. The results of the study indicated that self-deprecating humor of leaders can significantly inhibit employee silence through high levels of LMX. Moreover, the mediating role played by LMX was complete. Therefore, organizations should not only focus on the role of leadership humor, but also to achieve mutual respect and trust between leaders and subordinates, and an emotional exchange that goes beyond economic relationships.

현대중국어 유머 언어의 인지적 분석

This paper analyzes the relationship between the humor mechanism and figurative language of the comedy program &lt;Talk Show Conference&gt;, which is very popular in China, focusing on rhetorical techniques. Humor is a kind of language play, but it is also closely related to society and culture. As much as the content of speech is important, the effect of humor is more prominent depending on the environment in which speech is made, because the social and cultural background acts as a decoding code for us to understand humor. As a result of analyzing the types of humor in &lt;Talk Show Conference&gt;, the fact that there was a lot of satire and philosophical humor throughout seasons 1 to 4 would be a proof that popular culture is closely related to society. The popularity of the program is very meaningful in that humor exists at the intersection of society, culture and language. As a result of analyzing the rhetoric of 111 texts, focusing on satire and philosophical humor, it was confirmed that 'figurative language' was used a lot among the humor languages of &lt;Talk Show Conference&gt;. Also, it was interesting that metaphor, not exaggeration, accounted for the most weight among them.

Is Humor a Meaning Making Process? Investigating the Effects of Absurd Humor and Mortality Salience on Meaning in Life, Moral Identity, Belongingness, and Belief in a Just World

Both mortality salience and absurd humor have been found to elicit fluid compensation - the automatic process of strengthening unrelated beliefs in response to a meaning threat. Previous research has suggested that perceiving absurd humor to be funny decreases people's tendency to fluid compensate, suggesting that humor is a meaning-making process. However, these results may have been confounded by mortality salience effects. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effects of absurd humor and mortality salience on multiple beliefs. In the current study, we aimed to conceptually replicate previous research on the fluid compensatory effects of absurd humor and mortality salience under more stringent conditions and in response to a wider variety of beliefs. Participants (N = 590) recruited via MTurk were randomly assigned to a reading condition and thereafter completed a series of measures of meaning in life, moral identity, belongingness, and belief in a just world. Participants found humor in each reading condition and did not fluid compensate, suggesting that humor is a meaning-making process. Implications and directions for meaning making and humor research are discussed.

Teaching English Grammar and Maintaining Students’ Learning Motivation through Humour Stories

English structure is one of the principal elements considered problematic by many students. Therefore, every teacher is always encouraged to use the effective teaching ways. One of the proposed ways in teaching English grammar is using media like humour stories. As suggested teaching media, humour stories require an examination. Therefore, this research attempts at finding out the effectiveness of humour stories to teach grammar and maintaining students’ learning motivation. The method employed was quasi-experimental research. The instruments used were a test, questionnaire, and field note. The participants of this study were two classes of English Language Teaching Department. The students learnt some grammar topics such as past simple, present perfect, passive voice of past tense, passive voice of present perfect, passive voice of present simple, passive voice of present continuous, passive voice of present future, relative clause, and noun clause. The results reveal that humour is an effective teaching media for grammar. The significance of 2-tailed (0.035) was lower than 0.05. There is a significant difference between control and experimental group. Furthermore, the result of the questionnaire shows that the usage of humour positively influenced the learners’ motivation. The observation results also reveal that the teaching atmosphere in the experimental class is getting better in each meeting.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

The humor transaction schema: a conceptual framework for researching the nature and effects of humor

AbstractThis article presents a schema describing the ‘humor transaction,’ that is, the processes by which what is generally called humor is created, communicated, experienced, responded to and used. It describes in three stages the rich creative process shared between a humorist and an audience. This starts with the perception and/or formation of an amusing stimulus by a humorist and passes in a second stage to its communication by the humorist to others and their processing of the stimulus. The third stage captures the range of experiences and responses by the recipient/s, including personal consequences and possible re-use of the humor (which creates further functions and consequences). Although experiencing and using humor are both holistic processes, dependent on synchronization of social behaviors by humorist and recipient, the schema simplifies in order to summarize the general outline of a typical shared humorous ‘transaction’ while allowing for complex detail within each stage. It offers a framework within which scholars and practitioners can locate their different foci of research and application. It aims to assist in developing a shared vocabulary of concepts and terminology to foster exchange across the many disciplines involved in humor research. It provides a linked glossary of relevant terms designed to facilitate interdisciplinary exchange in studying humor.

Lexico-Semantic Features of the Most Popular Tiktok Videos in Pakistan

This research aims to conduct a stylistic analysis of selected content from TikTok using both lexical and semantic approaches. The study analyzes the meanings of sentences and phrases used by content creators on TikTok, as well as various figurative devices employed. A qualitative method was used to conduct the analysis, and the selected content was categorized under various stylistic analysis categories, including semantic parallelism, semantic deviation, lexical deviation, lexical parallelism, and code mixing. Neologism, lexical parallelism, and code mixing were examined under lexical stylistics analysis. Two content creators and five videos from each were selected for the analysis. The study found that both content creators used semantic and lexical parallelism to emphasize specific ideas and create humorous effects in their videos. Additionally, specific stylistic devices were used to convey subliminal messages, including taunting politics, highlighting an increase in robbery cases, and criticizing married life.

How and when creativity thrives in construction projects: a study of leader's humor

PurposeThe present study aims to advance a new framework to spur creativity at individual and team levels in the construction industry by studying a leader's sense of humor. The authors develop and test a multi-level model to investigate the direct and indirect effects of leader's humor on creativity within teams working on construction projects. The authors draw on the benign violation theory to hypothesize that a leader's sense of humor influences the acceptability of norm violations in teams, which helps to improve their creativity. The authors also integrate the benign violation theory with the social information processing theory to examine the indirect effects of project leader's sense of humor on individual- and team-level creativity via team psychological safety.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 165 members nested in 45 teams working on construction projects in China. The construct's factor structure and discriminant validity were established through confirmatory factor analysis. The authors used multi-level modeling via Mplus to test team-level to the individual-level direct and indirect hypotheses, while team-level direct and indirect hypotheses were tested using ordinary least squares regression.FindingsThe results show that the leader's humor has a dual positive direct effect on individual and team creativity. Furthermore, these effects are partially mediated by team psychological safety. The implications of these findings to improve the construction management theory and practice are discussed in the manuscript.Originality/valueThe current study contributes to the literature by understanding the significance of leader humor in predicting individual-level and team-level creativity within the construction sector. It expands the literature by examining team psychological safety as the underlying mechanism in the relationship between leader humor and creativity.

‘Are we laughing at the same?’

Humour is often employed as a coping mechanism, with therapeutic effects on those producing and receiving it (Christopher 2015; Samson &amp; Gross 2012). This buffering effect of humour might explain why, at the time of an international pandemic like Covid-19, human beings, independently of their cultural origin, have resorted to humour as a means of alleviating uncertainty and fear, and of enhancing feelings of connection and bonding with others. The proliferation of Covid-related humour has also led to a wide range of studies, with special attention to memes. However, contrastive studies are more limited, especially those comparing very different languages and cultural realities such as the Chinese, the Czech and the Spanish ones. This paper aims to redress this imbalance by analysing a corpus of 300 Covid-memes (100 memes per language). More specifically, we intend to answer the following questions: (i) what dimension(s) of humour are predominant in each language? (ii) what actors do the memes in the three countries target? and (iii) to what extent can these preferences relate to cultural differences/similarities? Applying a mixed-method approach, results show that there seems to be a global preference for affiliative humour while aggressive (and self-deprecating) humour appears to be more culturally bound, with a higher frequency in the Czech and Spanish datasets in contrast to the Chinese one. Likewise, the Czech and Spanish dataset share a significantly higher number of common frames, which might be pointing to a more European, Western type of humour in comparison to the Chinese approach (Jiang et al. 2019).

Study of the Conceptual Basis and Inferential Model of the Question and Answer Cold Jokes

Question and answer cold joke (QACJ) is a language phenomenon with particular formal, semantic, and pragmatic features. Its existing analytical mode remains relatively simple, and rarely involves its conceptual basis and implicature inferring. The current study aimed to dig out its inferential model based on its conceptual basis under a comprehensive perspective. The particular formal and semantic features of the QACJ have laid the foundation for its four conceptual bases (i.e., intersected question and answer form, indirectly correlated logic, garden-path inferring, cold but humorous effect). Gudied by an integrated analytical framework, its forward and backward inferring models based on its conceptual bases have been proposed. The garden-path relevance inferring mechanisms are the red-light and the crossroad mechanisms, both relating to the presupposition entailing, optimal-relevance verification, and context shifting, all aiming at a phase in cold humor effect.

Heterologous Vector—mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector—Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines

Longitudinal humoral SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) immunity for up to 15 months due to vaccination, the efficacy of vaccination strategies (homologous, vector-vector versus heterologous, vector-mRNA), the influence of vaccination side effects, and the infection rate in German healthcare workers need to be investigated. In this study, 103 individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled to examine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig levels. A total of 415 blood samples in lithium heparin tubes were prospectively obtained, and a structured survey regarding medical history, type of vaccine, and vaccination reactions was conducted. All participants demonstrated a humoral immune response, among whom no values decreased below the positivity cutoff. Five to six months after the third vaccination, three participants showed anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of less than 1000 U/mL. We observed higher levels for heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combinations compared to pure vector-based vaccination after the second vaccination, which is harmonized after a third vaccination with the mRNA-vaccine only in both cohorts. The incidence of vaccine breakthrough in a highly exposed cohort was 60.3%. Sustained long-term humoral immunity was observed, indicating the superiority of a heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combination compared to pure vector-based vaccination. There was longevity of anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of at least 4 and up to 7 months without external stimulus. Regarding vaccination reactogenity, the occurrence of local symptoms as pain at the injection site was increased after the first mRNA application compared to the vector-vector cohort with a general decrease in adverse events at later vaccination time points. Overall, a correlation between the humoral vaccination response and vaccination side effects was not observed. Despite the high prevalence of vaccine breakthroughs, these only occurred in the later course of the study when more infectious variants, which are, however, associated with milder courses, were present. These results provide insights into vaccine-related serologic responses, and the study should be expanded using additional vaccine doses and novel variants in the future.

The Effects of Humor in Clinical Settings on Medical Trainees and the Implications for Medical Educators: A Scoping Review.

Clinical settings represent the site of patient care and clinical training for medical students and residents. Both processes involve social interaction, and humor is a fundamental component of social interaction that remains underexplored in medical education. This study investigated the impact of humor on medical trainees in the context of the clinical learning environment and examined the implications for medical educators. Following scoping review methodology, the authors systematically searched six databases and Google Scholar in February 2021 and March 2022. Articles were screened and selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria, and findings from included articles were synthesized using procedures of metasynthesis. Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria. Six themes emerged relating to the functions and effects of humor in clinical training settings: (1) managing emotions; (2) demarcating insider vs outsider status; (3) facilitating camaraderie; (4) ensuring conformity; (5) negotiating power differentials; and (6) fostering discrimination. The use of humor by medical educators plays an integral role in trainees' everyday experiences. Positive humor helps with coping and communication, while negative humor serves as an indirect medium for communicating ridicule and prejudice. Further research drawing on social psychology theories may identify ways to reduce effects of negative humor and promote well-being and diversity in medical education. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-023-01769-0.

Humor translation: a case study on the loss of humorous loads in SpongeBob SquarePants

Audiovisual translation of humor has long been a challenge faced by translators. It is inevitable for translators to remove or reduce some of the humorous effect in the target language despite their endeavor to preserve the humor elements. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the reasons behind the loss of humor in translation of the humorous scenes from an American comedy cartoon, SpongeBob SquarePants. Sperber and Wilson (1986)’s Relevance theory and Chaume (2004)’s Constraints of Dubbing framework were adopted in this study. The analysis was carried out by comparing the Zabalbeascoa (1993; 1996)’s humorous loads in each identified scenes in English and the Chinese dubbed version. The findings indicated that community and institution, community sense of humor and linguistic elements are prone to be lost in this type of translation not merely due to the linguistic and cultural asymmetry but also because of the synchronization constraints of dubbing. It was found that the substitution strategy which preserved the humor effect became ineffective because the new humorous elements recreated by the translator may not be synchronized with the actor’s lip movements, actions and length of utterance displayed on screen. Despite the unavoidable loss of the untranslatable elements, the maximum preservation of visual and non-marked elements which can be deciphered by the target audience without making unnecessary efforts compensates for the loss, contributing to the popularity and success of this comedy product in the target language and culture.