Effects Of Household Air Pollution Research Articles

Combined effect of ozone and household air pollution on COPD in people aged less than 50 years old

ObjectivesAir pollution has been suggested as an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, evidence of interactive effects on COPD between different factors was sparse, especially for...

Pregnant women’s perception on the health effects of household air pollution in Rural Butajira, Ethiopia: a phenomenological qualitative study

BackgroundHousehold air pollution is the major public health problem in developing countries. Pregnant women spent the majority of their time at home and are the most affected population by household air pollution. Exploring the perception of pregnant women on adverse health effects is important to enhance the mitigation strategies. Therefore, this study aim to explore the pregnant women’s perceptions about health effects of household air pollution in rural Butajira, Ethiopia.MethodsA phenomenological qualitative study design was conducted among 15 selected pregnant women. All interviews were carried out at the participants´ house and audio-recorded while housing and cooking conditions were observed and appropriate notes were taken for each. The collected data were transcribed verbatim and translated into the English language. Then, the data were imported into Open code software to manage the overall data coding processes and analyzed thematically.ResultsStudy participants perceived that respiratory problems such as coughing, sneezing and asthma and eye problem were the major health problem caused by household air pollution among pregnant women. Study participants also mentioned asphyxiated, abortion, reduces weight, and hydrocephalus was caused by household air pollution on the foetus. Study participants perceived that financial inability, spouse negligence, autonomy and knowledge level of the women were the barriers to tackling household air pollution. Study participant also suggested that opening the door and window; using improved cookstove and reduce workload were the perceived solution for household air pollution.ConclusionsThis study explores pregnant women’s perceptions on health effects of household air pollution. The finding of this study was important to deliver suitable intervention strategies to mitigate household air pollution. Therefore, educating the women on way of mitigating household air pollution, improving existing structure of the house and minimize the time to stay in the kitchen is important to mitigate household air pollution exposure.

The Effect of Household Air Pollution Exposure on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under Five in Asia: A Meta-Analysis

ASIA is a continent with many people who still have and use biomass or solid fuel use (SFU) for cooking and various household air pollution. Previous research has mentioned the negative effects of household air pollution on the incidence of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years. Acute respiratory diseases have even become the cause of at least 4 million deaths of children under 5 years old every year in the world. The meta-analysis aimed to estimate the correlation between household air pollution and the incidence of acute respiratory infections in children under five in ASIA. This study was a meta-analysis. Primary data is taken through the electronic databases such as: PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link and Cochrane Database. By using the search keywords "Household air pollution AND acute respiratory tract infections AND adjusted odds ratio", "indoor air pollution AND acute respiratory tract infections AND adjusted odds ratio", and "paparan asap rumah tangga DAN ISPA DAN adjusted odds ratio". Articles taken between 2013-2023. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3. 7 articles qualified for quantitatively analysis. The exposure of household air pollution can increases the risk of acute respiratory infections 3 times in children under five and statistically significant (OR 3.36; 95% CI: 2.96 – 3.81; p value < 0.001). Exposureto household air pollution is a significant risk factor for the incidence of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years.

Cohort profile: Bangladesh Cook Stove Pregnancy Cohort Study (CSPCS)

PurposeThe Cook Stove Pregnancy Cohort Study (CSPCS) was designed to assess the effects of biomass fuel use on household air pollution (HAP) as well as the effects of HAP (fine...

Association between household air pollution and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recently, a growing number of epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between household air pollution (HAP) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. While the results were not entirely consistent, the current study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol to conduct a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Data sources were PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies published up to 12 May 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the effect of household air pollution on all-cause and cause-special mortality. Then I square value (I2) was used to assess heterogeneity, and random-effects model was used as the pooling method. Seventeen studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Our results showed a significant association between household air pollution and increased risks of all-cause mortality (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.06-1.19) and cardiovascular disease mortality (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04-1.24). Similarly, the associations between household air pollution and mortality from other specific causes (respiratory, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and total cancer) were positive, although they were not statistically significant. The study suggests that exposure to household air pollution increases the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. In addition, our results found a trend of increased mortality from the respiratory system, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and total cancer, with household air pollution.

Lung Effects of Household Air Pollution

Lung Effects of Household Air Pollution

Housing quality and its impact on Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) symptoms among children in Punjab, Pakistan.

Exposure to poor housing quality and household air pollution (HAP) are significant factors for morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. Children under five are particularly at risk of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Globally, it has been estimated that 6.6 million children less than five years of age die every year from this disease. Little is known regarding the effect of HAP and poor housing quality on children's respiratory symptoms in Pakistan. Statistics concerning Pakistan's largest province, Punjab, are also not promising. Hence, an association between housing quality and respiratory symptoms among children under the age of five in Punjab has been studied in this paper. Using data from MICS 2017-18, logistic regression models were applied to the sample of 35000 children under the age of five living in poor housing quality. We estimated that acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms are higher among children when the floor of a house is made of natural material. However, the lower ARI symptoms were found among children living in a house with a wall made of natural material. On the other hand, we found that children residing in the western region of Punjab are at a higher risk of ARI symptoms. The findings remain consistent with the previous researchers. In addition to promoting increased access to quality housing material during construction activities, we suggest that critical community-based interventions are required to combat local issues and problems at the micro-level.

Household air pollution, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

BackgroundThe adverse health effects of household air pollution have been widely explored, but few studies have evaluated the effects of household air pollution on the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), a pressing public health concern worldwide. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to household use of polluting fuels is associated with morbid CMM and, if so, whether a healthy lifestyle could mitigate this association. MethodsIn this prospective, nationwide representative cohort of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), participants free of CMM (defined as the coexistence of 2 or more of the following: heart disease, stroke, and diabetes or high blood sugar) were included in 2011–2012 and followed for CMM incidence until 2018. Household air pollution was measured as the use of solid fuels for cooking and heating. The healthy lifestyle score was determined by six factors, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure, and categorized into three groups (unhealthy, 0–1 factors; intermediate, 2–4; and healthy, 5–6). Cox proportional hazards models investigated associations between household air pollution and incident CMM. The potential modifier effect of a healthy lifestyle score was tested through stratified analyses. ResultsAmong 7125 eligible participants, 239 incident cases of CMM were identified over a median follow-up of 7.0 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, the use of solid household fuels for heating was associated with more significant hazards of CMM (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.71, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.28 to 2.28), while use for cooking (HR, 1.14; 95 % CI, 0.85 to 1.52) was not. Compared with participants in the unhealthy group, those in the healthy and intermediate groups had considerably lower CMM risk, with adjusted HRs (95 % CI) of 0.17 (0.09 to 0.31) and 0.39 (0.29 to 0.53), respectively, regardless of the household air pollution category. Importantly, when participants adhered to a healthy lifestyle, exposure to household air pollution was no longer significantly associated with a higher risk of CMM (adjusted HR 1.77, 95 % CI 0.51 to 6.12; P = 0.369). ConclusionsHousehold usage of polluting fuels was significantly associated with a higher risk of CMM, and adherence to a healthy lifestyle may mitigate this adverse effect. From a broader perspective, our findings underscore the importance of public health policies and interventions targeting multiple exposures (air pollution, physical activity, smoking, etc.) in enhancing the prevention of detrimental cardiometabolic health effect.

Lung Effects of Household Air Pollution

Biomass fuel smoke, secondhand smoke, and oxides of nitrogen are common causes of household air pollution (HAP). Almost 2.4 billion people worldwide use solid fuels for cooking and heating, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Wood combustion for household heating is also common in many areas of high-income countries, and minorities are particularly vulnerable. HAP in low- and middle-income countries is associated with asthma, acute respiratory tract infections in adults and children, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, tuberculosis, and respiratory mortality. Although wood smoke exposure levels in high-income countries are typically lower than in lower-income countries, it is similarly associated with accelerated lung function decline, higher prevalence of airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis, and higher all-cause and respiratory cause-specific mortality. Household air cleaners with high-efficiency particle filters have mixed effects on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outcomes. Biomass fuel interventions in low-income countries include adding chimneys to cookstoves, improving biomass fuel combustion stoves, and switching fuel to liquid petroleum gas. Still, the impact on health outcomes is inconsistent. In high-income countries, strategies for reducing biomass fuel-related HAP are centered on community-level woodstove changeout programs, although the results are again inconsistent. In addition, initiatives to encourage home smoking bans have mixed success in households with children. Environmental solutions to reduce HAP have varying success in reducing pollutants and health problems. Improved understanding of indoor air quality factors and actions that prevent degradation or improve pollutedindoor air may lead to enhanced environmental health policies, but health outcomes must be rigorously examined.

Effects of Household Air Pollution (HAP) on Cardiovascular Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Out of over 3 billion people exposed to household air pollution (HAP), approximately 4 million die prematurely, most from cardiorespiratory diseases. Although many recent studies have reported adverse effects of HAP on cardiovascular outcomes, the findings are inconsistent. Objectives: The primary aim of this systematic review is to critically appraise the published studies and report the pooled summary of the findings on the association between HAP and cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in LMICs. Methods: During this systematic review and meta-analysis, six databases were searched systematically, and the protocol was published in PROSPERO (CRD 42021248800). Only peer-reviewed English-language studies published from 1980 to March 2021 were included. We extracted data for the population ≥ 18 years old. Newcastle–Ottawa Criteria were used to assess the quality of evidence. The heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies was evaluated. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effect model to pool the findings from published studies. Results: In sixteen studies totaling 547,463 cases, 319,180 were exposed to HAP. The pooled estimate suggested an overall 13% higher risk of CVDs, and a 21% higher risk of CVD mortality in LMICs among those exposed to HAP. Similarly, the increased risk of stroke and cerebrovascular accidents, heart failure, and hypertension was statistically significant among those exposed to HAP but not with myocardial infarction, IHD, eclampsia/preeclampsia, and carotid intima-media thickness. Conclusions: Our findings suggest exposure to HAP increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes.

Metabolic syndrome in rural Peruvian adults living at high altitudes using different cookstoves.

This study determined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in open fire stoves and improved cookstoves users (ICS) in the rural Peruvian Andes. Participants answered a socioeconomic questionnaire, one 24-hour food recall and underwent a physical examination. We analysed data from 385 participants, 190 (112 women and 78 men) were ICS users and 195 (123 women and 72 men) were open fire stove users. The prevalence of MetS was 21.3, 26.4% in women and 13.3% in men. We found no statistically significant association between the type of cookstove and MetS. Body mass index and altitude were important determinants of MetS. Research on cardiometabolic diseases and open fire stove use contributes to understanding the effect of household air pollution on health in high altitude populations.

Effect of household air pollution on pneumococcal carriage

The burden of pneumococcal carriage and pneumonia is high in sub-Saharan Africa.1 Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were introduced in several lower-middle income countries (LMICs) in 2008 to address the high burden of pneumonia. Although the implementation of the pneumococcal vaccines has reduced the burden of nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-specific Streptococcus pneumoniae strains by 40–90% over 2–3 years (depending on the country and vaccine coverage), the prevalence of non-vaccine pneumococcal strains has increased.

Knowledge Regarding Causes and Ill Effects of Household Air Pollution Among Residents of a Selected Community in Kozhikode (Kerala)

Knowledge Regarding Causes and Ill Effects of Household Air Pollution Among Residents of a Selected Community in Kozhikode (Kerala)

Association of household solid fuel use and long-term exposure to PM2.5 with arthritis in middle-aged and older population in China: A cohort study

Air pollutants are common modifiable risk factors for arthritis. To explore the longitudinal effects of air pollution on arthritis based on a cohort study in middle-aged and elder people of China. Data was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2018. A total of 7449 participants aged 45 years and older were involved in our study. The generalized linear mixed models were conducted to examine the separate and joint effects of household air pollution and outdoor air pollution on arthritis, respectively. We found a strong significant association between air pollution and arthritis incidence. Individuals cooking primarily with solid fuel were more likely in higher risk of arthritis compared with cleaner fuel (OR= 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08–1.23). The group-based trajectory model identified four trajectory groups, compared with group “High-Decreasing rapidly”, adjusted ORs of incident arthritis for group “Middle-Decreasing moderately”, “Low-Decreasing slowly” and “Low-Stably” were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.03–1.79), 1.36 (95% CI, 1.01–1.83) and 1.81 (95% CI, 1.30–2.52), respectively. These associations were generally higher in participants younger than 65 years. In addition, solid fuel use and PM2.5 exposure had additive and multiplicative effects on arthritis. The results suggested that solid fuel use and long-term PM2.5 exposure were associated with a higher incidence of arthritis. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict solid fuel use to reduce household air pollution and make stronger environmental protection policies to reduce PM2.5 concentration.

The Effects of Household Air Pollution (HAP) on Lung Function in Children: A Systematic Review.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 3 billion people today are exposed to smoke from the household combustion of solid fuels. While the household use of solid fuels has decreased over the last few decades, it remains a leading modifiable risk factor for the global burden of disease. This systematic review analyzed the impact of Household Air Pollution (HAP) on lung function in children (under 18 years of age), as this is the time period of accelerated growth rate until full skeletal maturity. Data from 11 published studies demonstrated that exposure to smoke from solid fuel was associated with a lower growth rate of several lung function indices (FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75) in children. However, there was no observed association between HAP and the FEV1/FVC ratio over time. Although the evidence suggests an inverse association between high exposure to HAP and lung function indices, there is a lack of longitudinal data describing this association. Therefore, precaution is needed to reduce the smoke exposure from solid fuel burning.

A preliminary study on household air pollution exposure and health-related factors among rural housewives in Gansu province, northwest China

This study monitored the indoor air PAHs and PM2.5 exposure and their seasonal variations, so as to explore the potential health effects of household air pollution (HAP) on rural women’s health in northwest China. It was detected that the average indoor PM2.5 and PAHs concentrations in the heating season were both significantly higher than those in the non-heating season (P<0.01). And they were positively correlated with the urinary 1-OHP levels respectively. Then the PAHs and 1-OHP were both significantly correlated with the urinary 8-OHdG levels (P<0.05). By statistical models, household PM2.5 and PAHs were closely related to urinary 1-OHP levels. Similarly, PM2.5, PAHs and 1-OHP all have significant effects with urinary 8-OHdG (P<0.05). Therefore, housewives in rural northwest China were exposed to higher HAP, and it could improve the risk for oxidative damage.

Household air pollution during COVID-19 pandemic: A concern in India.

Household air pollution is a serious public health concern in India with more than half of the Indian households relying on solid fuel use. The long periods of lockdown related measures to control COVID‐19 pandemic in India further aggravated the adverse health effects of household air pollution as millions Indians were exposed to high level of health‐damaging air pollutants inside their homes. This commentary discusses the vulnerability of the socioeconomically disadvantaged population forced to stay indoors during the pandemic. Exposure to household air pollution has detrimental effects on health, which might put individuals at higher risk for complications related to COVID‐19. A large proportion of socioeconomically disadvantaged section of the population were exposed to critical levels of household air pollution and more vulnerable to severe health effects of COVID‐19. There is a pressing need to understand the aggravated health consequences of household air pollution in association with COVID‐19.

Household air pollution, ultrasound measurement, fetal biometric parameters and intrauterine growth restriction

BackgroundLow birthweight, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and perinatal mortality have been associated with air pollution. However, intervention studies that use ultrasound measurements to assess the effects of household air pollution (HAP) on fetal biometric parameters (FBP) are rare. We investigated the effect of a cookstove intervention on FBP and IUGR in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) cohort of HAP-exposed pregnant Nigerian women.MethodsWe recruited 324 women early in the second trimester of pregnancy. Between 16 and 18 weeks, we randomized them to either continue cooking with firewood/kerosene (control group) or receive a CleanCook stove and ethanol fuel (intervention group). We measured fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), abdominal circumference (AC) and ultrasound-estimated fetal weight (U-EFW) in the second and third trimesters. The women were clinically followed up at six regular time points during their pregnancies. Once during the women’s second trimester and once during the third, we made 72-h continuous measurements of their personal exposures to particulate matter having aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5). We adopted a modified intent-to-treat approach for the analysis. Differences between the intervention and control groups on impact of HAP on fetal growth trajectories were analyzed using mixed effects regression models.ResultsThere were no significant differences in fetal growth trajectories between the intervention and control groups.ConclusionsLarger studies in a setting of low ambient air pollution are required to further investigate the effect of transitioning to a cleaner fuel such as ethanol on intrauterine growth.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02394574; September 2012

Effects of long-term household air pollution exposure from solid fuel use on depression: Evidence from national longitudinal surveys from 2011 to 2018

Evidence of the effects of long-term household air pollution (HAP) on human mental health is limited. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal relationship between long-term household air pollution exposure from solid fuel use and depression based on nationally representative follow-up dataset. A total of 7005 middle- and old-age adults from the latest four waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018) of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were involved. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D 10) was used to measure depressive symptoms and individuals who got more than 12 points were considered to have depression symptoms. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the association between household air pollution and depression in overall population, and subgroup stratified by socio-demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, chronic diseases, and residential environments. We found long-term household air pollution exposure from solid fuel use was significantly associated with higher depression risk among Chinese older adults (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.42 in heating; 1.26, 1.13–1.40 in cooking). Longer duration of household air pollution exposure (1.47, 1.28–1.68 in heating; 1.36, 1.19–1.56 in cooking) and household air pollution from crop residue/wood burning (1.66, 1.41–1.94 in heating; 1.37, 1.23–1.53 in cooking) was correlated with higher depression risk. For subgroups analysis, the effect of household air pollution from solid fuel on depression varied. Compared with those who using clean fuel, older adults living in small size houses or houses with small number rooms had increasing depression risks if they used solid fuel for heating or cooking. Our findings indicate long-term household air pollution exposure from solid fuel use is associated with higher depression risk. Reducing household air pollution by restricting solid fuel use can be effective ways to prevent depression for Chinese older adults and decrease related public health burden.

Independent and combined associations of solid-fuel use and smoking with obesity among rural Chinese adults.

Although solid-fuel use or smoking is associated with obesity measured by body mass index (BMI), research on their interactive effects on general and central obesity is limited. Data of 20,140 individuals in the Henan Rural Cohort Study was examined the independent and combined associations of solid-fuel use and smoking with prevalent obesity, which was measured by BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BFP), and visceral fat index (VFI). Multiple adjusted logistic regression models showed that the OR (95% CI) of prevalent obesity measured by BMI associated with exposure to solid fuels alone or with smoking was 0.78 (0.70, 0.86) or 0.46 (0.32, 0.66), compared with neither smoking nor solid-fuel exposure. Similar results had been found in other obese anthropometric indices and in the results of linear regression analysis. The results indicated that solid-fuel use and smoking have a synergistic effect on reduction in obesity indices. The effects of household air pollution from solid-fuel use and smoking on obesity should be considered when exploring the influencing factors of obesity.