Effects Of High-intensity Training Research Articles

Effects of High-intensity Training and Electrical Stimulation on Pain, Disability, Knee Kinematic and Performance in Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a widespread problem in athletes who participate in jumping, cutting, and pivoting sports. Forty-four players participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: exercise plus EMS (G1) and exercise without EMS (G2), both with 12 women and 10 men. The exercise performed was 8 weeks of a high-intensity strength program for 45-60 minutes, plus cooling and a warm-up phase. Visual analogue scale (VAS), disability (Kujala patellofemoral score), knee valgus angle (KVA) and single-leg hop (SLH) were tested before (pre-test) and after training (post-test at 8 weeks) using a within-between group analysis (ANOVA 2×2). At baseline, no differences between groups were found (p > 0.05). After the intervention, both groups improved VAS, KVA, SLH (p < 0.001), and disability (p = 0.042). G1 showed more improvements than G2 for VAS (- 63.4 vs - 51.5 %, p = 0.021, 𝜂p2 = 0.13), disability (+ 32.6 vs + 18.4 %, p = 0.001, 𝜂p2 = 0.52), KVA (+ 4.2 vs + 2.2 %, p = 0.016, 𝜂p2 = 0.214) and SLH (+ 12.3 vs + 6.0 %, p = 0.003, 𝜂p2 = 0.20) respectively. No differences were found between the sexes for each group. Despite both interventions being valid, high-intensity strength training combined with EMS improved pain, disability, knee kinematics, and lower extremity performance more than exercise alone in professional handball athletes with PFP. Keywords: Electrical muscle stimulation, Rehabilitation, Musculoskeletal, Knee, Handball players

Effects of high-intensity training on fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles in elderly males with osteosarcopenia – the randomized controlled FrOST study

BackgroundOsteosarcopenia is a common geriatric syndrome with an increasing prevalence with age, leading to secondary diseases and complex consequences such as falls and fractures, as well as higher mortality and frailty rates. There is a great need for prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsIn this analysis, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the randomised controlled FrOST trial, which enrolled community-dwelling osteosarcopenic men aged > 72 years randomly allocated to 16 months of twice-weekly high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) or a non-training control group. MR Dixon imaging was used to quantify the effects of HIRT on muscle fat infiltration in the paraspinal muscles, determined as changes in muscle tissue, fat faction and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) in the erector spinae and psoas major muscles. Intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation was used to analyse the data set.ResultsAfter 16 months of intervention, 15 men from the HIRT and 16 men from the CG were included in the MRI analysis. In summary, no positive effects on the fat infiltration of the erector spinae and psoas major muscles were observed.ConclusionsThe previously reported positive effects on lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) suggest that mechanotransduction induces tropic effects on bone, but that fat infiltration of the erector spinae and psoas major muscles are either irreversible or, for some unknown reason, resistant to exercise. Because of the beneficial effects on spinal BMD, HIRT is still recommended in osteosarcopenic older men, but further research is needed to confirm appropriate age-specific training exercises for the paraspinal muscles. The potential of different MRI sequences to quantify degenerative and metabolic changes in various muscle groups must be better characterized.Trial registrationsFrOST was approved by the University Ethics Committee of the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (number 67_15b and 4464b) and the Federal Office for Radiation Projection (BfS, number Z 5–2,246,212 – 2017–002). Furthermore, it fully complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03453463 (05/03/2018). JAMA 310:2191–2194, 2013.

Effects of High Intensity Training on Body Composition in Recreationally Active Women

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of high intensity training on body composition in recreationally active women. The sample included 27 recreationally active women, experimental group (n = 13; age: 34.6 ± 1.7) and control group (n = 14; age: 34.2 ±1.9). Nine parameters were measured: body weight, body height, body mass index, adipose tissue in%, adipose tissue in kg, muscle tissue in%, muscle tissue in kg, lean body mass in%, lean body mass in kg. Statistically significant effects on the final measurement were determined in the following tests: body weight in kg, body mass index, adipose tissue in%, adipose tissue in kg, muscle tissue in%, lean body mass in% and lean body mass in kg, at the level of statistical significance p<0.05. The results confirmed that intensive training of high intensity ≥80%-90% HRmax, was effective and lead to statistically significant changes in body composition.

Feasibility and effect of high-intensity training on the progression of motor symptoms in adult individuals with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To determine the feasibility and effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with Parkinson's and their effect on symptom modification and progression. We conducted this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). All studies were searched in seven databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and SCOPUS in September 2020 and updated in June 2023. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. We used standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and random effects models, as well as the non-parametric Cochran's Q test and I2 inconsistency test to assess heterogeneity. A total of 15 randomized clinical trials with 654 participants (mean age, 65.4 years). The majority of studies included high intensity training interventions versus moderate intensity, usual care, or control group. The meta-analysis comparing high-intensity exercise versus control group showed an improvement in the disease severity (MD = -4.80 [95%CI, -6.38; -3.21 high evidence certainty); maximum oxygen consumption (MD = 1.81 [95%CI, 0.36; 3.27] very low evidence certainty) and quality of life (MD = -0.54 [95%CI, -0.94; -0.13] moderate evidence certainty). The results showed that high-intensity exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise group showed a improve motor function and functional mobility measured by the TUG test (MD = -0.38 [95%CI, -0.91; 0.16] moderate evidence certainty) with moderate heterogeneity between studies. High-intensity exercise performed in both continuous and interval modes when compared with control groups may provide motor function benefits for individuals with Parkinson's disease. HIIT may be feasible, but the intensity of the exercise may influence individuals with Parkinson's disease. However, there was a lack of evidence comparing high intensity and moderate intensity for this population, as the results showed heterogeneity.

Effects of high intensity training on glycated hemoglobin type A1C reduction and insulin resistance changes compared to moderate intensity training in patients with type 2 diabetes : a systematic review and meta analysis

Background: In most of the type 2 Diabetes management recommends lifestyle including physical activity. Several studies have examined the effects of HIT and MIT on the glycated Hemoglobin type A1C (HbA1c) and Insulin resistance reduction in type 2 Diabetes. Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the impacts of high and moderate intensity training to reducing HbA1C and changes insulin resistance in type 2 Diabetes Melitus patient.State the objectives of the research. Material and Method: We searched the online databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library for relevant studies evaluating the effects of High Intensity Training on T2DM patients. Using random effects model, comparing Mean Difference and standard deviation with 95% confidence internal (CI) were used to investigate the studies.Conclusion: In this study we found that HIT showed significantly better result to reduced HbA1C. HIT improves glucose control center’s ability to recruit more muscle fibers and depleting muscle glycogen levels compared to MIT, HIT does not significantly reduce insulin resistance compared to MIT.

Effects of high-intensity training on glycemic metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: With the exponential increase in hours of exposure in sedentary behavior, associated with greater availability of pre-prepared foods, there is an incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: This review was to analyze the possible effects of high-intensity training on the glycemic metabolism in Type 2 Diabetics in the last 10 years. Methods: Searches were carried out between February and April 2022 in the following databases: National Library Of Medicine (PUBMED), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElO), Latin American Literature and of the Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS), using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH), together with the relevant Entry Terms and Boolean operators (AND and OR). The search key was built using the PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome and Type of Study). Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials; population aged ≤ 65 years and diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; high-intensity exercise as an intervention; glycemia as one of the outcomes; published in English, Spanish and/or Portuguese between 2012 and 2022 and available in full text. Results: After the searches, 85 scientific articles were identified. Of these, 7 studies were selected because they met the proposed objective and criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 7-52 participants, with a mean of 24.17 ± 12.33. All studies were conducted with adults. With regard to the period of intervention, it was observed that high-intensity training was performed from a single session to 12 weeks, at a frequency of up to three times a week. Conclusion: Studies have shown that after performing high-intensity training, there were significant reductions in glycemic values. Despite high-intensity training having contributed significantly to reducing glycemic values, the results of this systematic review must be interpreted with caution, due to the small number of articles included and their respective methodological limitations.

Effects of High-Intensity Training Upon Appetite, Body Mass, Aerobic Capacity, and Metabolic Hormones in Overweight Women

Effects of High-Intensity Training Upon Appetite, Body Mass, Aerobic Capacity, and Metabolic Hormones in Overweight Women

Acute effects of high intensity training on cardiac function: a pilot study comparing subjects with type 2 diabetes to healthy controls

This study evaluated acute cardiac stress after a high-intensity interval training session in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) versus healthy controls. High intensity aerobic exercise was performed by 4 × 4-min intervals (90–95% of maximal heart rate), followed by a ramp protocol to peak oxygen uptake. Echocardiography was performed before and 30 min after exercise. Holter electrocardiography monitored heart rhythms 24 h before, during, and 24 h after the exercise. Left atrial end-systolic volume, peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity, and the ratio of peak early to late diastolic mitral inflow velocity were reduced by approximately 18%, 15%, and 31%, respectively, after exercise across groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness was the only echo parameter that significantly differed between groups in response to exercise. The T2D group had a rate of supraventricular extrasystoles per hour that was 265% greater than that of the controls before exercise, which remained higher after exercise. A single exhaustive exercise session impaired left ventricular diastolic function in both groups. The findings also indicated impaired right ventricular function in patients with T2D after exercise.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02998008.

A Study to Identify the Optimum Forearm Floss Band Intensity in 29 Young Adults Performing Blood Flow Restriction Training.

BackgroundA floss band is used in resistance training and consists of a heavy-duty rubber resistance band to compress a joint or muscle group while performing a range of motion. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training combines low-intensity exercise with occlusion of blood flow, resulting in the effects of high-intensity training. This study aimed to identify the optimum forearm floss band intensity in 29 young adults while performing BFR training.Material/MethodsTwenty-nine young and healthy adults voluntarily participated in this experiment. One of 4 types of floss bands with different intensities was randomly selected from the subjects and wound around their forearms. The tension of the floss band was calculated to be the length of the participant’s forearm when stretched by 105%, and then wound around the forearm. Blood flow was measured 4 times at regular intervals (pretest: 1 min, during: 2 min, posttest [1]: 1 min, posttest [2]: 2 min) using laser Doppler imaging.ResultsWe found that the application of floss bands resulted in a significant interaction between the intensity (colors) and time (pre/during/post) with regard to the hemodynamic changes (P<0.05). The hemodynamic evaluation revealed a reduction in the blood flow (P<0.05).ConclusionsThis preliminary study shows that the use of blood flow restriction training requires support from guidelines for optimal floss band intensity, particularly with the increasing clinical use of this method.

Effects of high-intensity training on the quality of life of cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Cancer and associated medical treatments affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by decreasing functional dimensions of physical, social, cognitive, and emotional well-being, while increasing short and late-term symptoms. Exercise, however, is demonstrated to be a useful therapy to improve cancer patients' and survivors’ HRQoL, yet the effectiveness of high-intensity training (HIT) exercise is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyse the effects of HIT on HRQoL dimensions in cancer patients and survivors as well as evaluate the optimal prescription of HIT. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) and examined Web of Science and PubMed (Medline) databases. Data were analysed utilizing Review Manager Software. Twenty-two articles were included in the systematic review and 17 in the meta-analysis. Results showed HIT improved global quality of life, physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, cognitive functioning, fatigue, pain, dyspnea, and insomnia, compared to an inactive control group, yet no differences were found between HIT and low to moderate-intensity exercise interventions. Particular improvements in HRQoL were observed during cancer treatment and with a training duration of more than eight weeks, a frequency of 2 days/week, and a volume of at least 120 min/week, including 15 min or more of HIT. Our findings whilst encouraging, highlight the infancy of the extant evidence base for the role of HIT in the HRQoL of cancer patients and survivors.

High-Intensity Training for 6 Months Safely, but Only Temporarily, Improves Exercise Capacity in Selected Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

BackgroundOrgan transplantation is a life-saving intervention that improves quality of life of patients with irreversible organ failure. Although exercise training immediately after transplantation has been suggested to be beneficial, such interventions remain rare in stable transplant recipients, whereas effects of high-intensity training (HIT) are even less frequently investigated. Moreover, sustainability of such interventions has not yet been reported. We investigated the effects of a 6-month, cycling-based HIT program on physical performance in long-term stable solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with follow-up evaluation after 6 months. MethodsForty-two adult, stable, and selected SOT recipients participated in a 6-month individualized home- and group-based HIT program. Exercise capacity (VO2max), maximal power (Wmax), and body mass index were measured before, at the end, and 6 months after completion of the intervention. ResultsThe study comprised 12 heart, 7 lung, 8 liver, and 15 kidney recipients (mean age, 41.4 ± 11.1 years; median time posttransplant, 3.4 [1.7-8.0] years). For 6 months, VO2max increased in the heart, lung, and kidney groups, Wmax increased in the heart group, and body mass index decreased in the liver group. Six months after the HIT program, the achieved gain in exercise capacity had disappeared in all groups. ConclusionDespite voluntary participation selection bias, our observations indicate that HIT is safe and may result in a beneficial effect on physical performance in selected, stable SOT recipients. However, there was no sustained beneficial effect once training stopped. Larger scale and longer term studies are still required to investigate longevity of improvement and overall beneficial effects on clinical outcomes.

Effect of high-intensity training on peak oxygen uptake and muscular strength after lung transplantation: A randomized controlled trial

Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) remains low after lung transplantation (LTx). We evaluated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on VO2peak, muscular strength, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), pulmonary function, and physical function after LTx. In this randomized controlled trial, 54 participants were enrolled from 6 to 60 months after LTx. The HIIT group (n = 25) followed a supervised HIIT program, consisting of endurance and strength trainings 3 times a week for 20 weeks. The control group (n = 29) received usual care. The primary outcome was a change in VO2peak measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The secondary outcomes were changes in 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for arm press and leg press, HRQOL (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]), pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide), and physical function (1RM in handgrip, 15-sec stair run, and 30-sec chair stand). A total of 46 participants completed the study, including 23 of 25 in the intervention group. For the primary outcome, the intention-to-treat analysis revealed a non-significant between-group difference for change in VO2peak of 0.7 ml/(kg.min) (95% CI = ‒0.3, 1.8) (p = 0.17). The between-group differences for 1RM arm press and leg press and mental aspect of SF-36 were 4.9 kg (95% CI = ‒0.1, 9.9) (p = 0.05), 11.6 kg (95% CI = 0.1, 23.0) (p < 0.05), and 5.7 kg (95% CI = 0.9, 10.4) (p = 0.02), respectively. There were no between-group differences in pulmonary function or physical function. When excluding participants with an attendance of <70% (n = 16), the between-group difference for VO2peak was 1.2 ml/(kg.min) (95% CI = 0.1, 2.4) (p = 0.032). HIIT improved muscular strength and HRQOL but did not improve VO2peak more than usual care after LTx. However, with acceptable adherence, HIIT appears to have beneficial effects on VO2peak.

Analysis of top kayakers’ training-intensity distribution and physiological adaptation based on structural modelling

High performance sport is important Analyse the effects of high intensity training on physical and functional capacities of elite kayakers by using the principal component analysis. The research analysed physical load during 1 year’s training cycle and used principal components analysis methods and Mann–Whitney Exact Test. The Principal component analysis approach revealed highly different adaptation of both well-trained athletes to the applied physical load. The coaches should pay more attention to individual skills of athletes, as well as to individual intensity and volume of the workout during the training sessions and the recovery time and quality. The Principal component algorithm suggested for monitoring and analysing the athletes’ training programs, as well as the findings of this study may be useful for planning the training programs.

Acute Effects of High Intensity Training in Pregnancy on Fetal Well-being and Blood Flow Distribution

Acute Effects of High Intensity Training in Pregnancy on Fetal Well-being and Blood Flow Distribution

Effect of High-Intensity Training and Asthma on the V˙O2 Kinetics of Adolescents

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) represents a potent stimulus to the dynamic oxygen uptake (V˙O2) response in adults, but whether the same is evident in youth is unknown. HIIT has also been suggested to place a lower demand on the respiratory system, decreasing the likelihood of exacerbation in those with respiratory conditions, such as asthma. Sixty-nine adolescents (13.6 ± 0.9 yr; 36 asthma) took part, 35 of which (17 asthma) participated in a 30-min HIIT intervention three times a week for 6 months. Each participant completed an incremental ramp test to volitional exhaustion and three heavy-intensity constant work rate tests to determine the dynamic V˙O2, heart rate, and deoxyhemoglobin response at baseline, midintervention, postintervention and at a 3-month follow-up. There was no influence of asthma at baseline or in response to the intervention. Participants in the intervention group demonstrated a faster V˙O2 time constant (τp) after intervention (intervention: 29.2 ± 5.7 s vs control: 34.2 ± 6.5 s; P = 0.003), with these differences maintained at follow-up (intervention: 32.5 ± 5.5 s vs control: 37.3 ± 8.7 s; P = 0.008). The intervention was associated with a speeding of the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin τ (pre: 20.1 ± 4.7 s vs post: 18.2 ± 4.1 s; P = 0.05) compared with a slowing over the same time period in the control participants (pre: 17.9 ± 4.9 s vs post: 20.1 ± 4.6 s; P = 0.012). Heart rate kinetics were not altered (pre: 46.5 ± 12.2 s vs post: 47.7 ± 11.1 s; P = 0.98). These findings highlight the potential utility of school-based HIIT as a strategy to enhance the V˙O2 kinetics of youth, regardless of the presence of asthma.

Effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose homeostasis and cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on glucose homeostasis and cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 56 inpatients in Endocrine Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from March 2017 to August 2018 were randomly divided by convenient sampling method into an intervention group and a control group, with 28 inpatients in each. The inpatients in the control group received the standardized care process while the intervention group would further received the high intensity interval training. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) , ejection fractions (EF) and cardiac output (CO) were compared before and after the intervention. Results After intervention, HOMA-IR in the intervention group was (6.32±1.65) %, lower than that in the control group (7.22±1.40) %, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=2.20, P=0.03) . After intervention, there was no significant difference in EF and CO between the two groups (P>0.05) . Conclusions The high intensity interval training can improve the level of glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes, but more evidence is needed for the effect on heart function in the future. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; High intensity interval training; Glucose homeostasis; Cardiac function

Effect of High Intensity Training on Blood Measurements for Young Volleyball Players

Effect of High Intensity Training on Blood Measurements for Young Volleyball Players

The Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training In The Elderly With Myocardial Infarction

The Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training In The Elderly With Myocardial Infarction

Effects of high intensity training on pain, disability, exercise capacity and muscle strength in persons with nonspecific chronic low back pain: Preliminary RCT results

Nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder affecting many people worldwide. Exercise therapy (ET) is an important component of NSCLBP management. However, effect sizes remain low. High Intensity Training (HIT) is an effective training method for improving physical fitness and health related parameters in healthy persons as well as for decreasing pain and disability in persons with chronic disorders. The value of HIT in NSCLBP rehabilitation is unclear. The aim of this study is (1) to compare HIT to conventional ET, and (2) to compare the effects of different modes of HIT, with regard to pain, disability, exercise capacity, and muscle strength, in persons with NSCLBP. A five-arm parallel RCT ( n = 150) is carried out consisting of an ET program (24 sessions/12 weeks) organized at REVAL (Hasselt University, Belgium) in persons with NSCLBP. Participants are randomly assigned into one of four intervention groups performing various modes of HIT or a control group performing moderate intensity training resembling conventional care ( Fig. 1 ). Participants are measured at baseline and after completing the program. Primary outcome measures are pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), functional disability (Oswestry Disability Index), exercise capacity (VO 2 max during exercise testing), and abdominal and back strength (Newton/kg during isometric strength testing). Forty-three persons with NSCLBP have completed the program (group average: n = 9). All outcomes showed time-related improvements in all groups ( P > 0.001). No between group differences were noted in any outcomes. Preliminary data of this RCT suggest that HIT has positive effects on pain intensity, functional disability, exercise capacity, and isometric abdominal/back muscle strength, in persons with NSCLBP. Patient recruitment is still ongoing to increase the power of this study and further analyse the differences between HIT groups with specific modalities and conventional therapy.

Acute effects of high-intensity exercise on hematological and iron metabolic parameters in elite male and female dragon boating athletes

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the acute effects of high-intensity exercise on blood hepcidin levels and other iron metabolic and hematological parameters in highly trained athletes of dragon boating as a sport performed in a sitting position.Methods: We conducted an exercise intervention study with a pre- and posttest blood measurement to determine the effects of high-intensity training on hematological and iron metabolic parameters in both male (n = 19) and female (n = 12) elite athletes of the German national dragon boating team. The study took place during the final training camp before the European championships. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 3 h after 3 consecutive high-intensity training bouts at the same day, each one lasting 1 h in duration.Results: After exercise, leukocytes, CPK, CKMB, and hepcidin levels increased significantly both in men and women. In contrast, iron concentrations decreased significantly. No gender-related differences were found. Compared with baseline, the postexercise concentrations of serum iron decreased significantly both in men [99.3 ± 46.3 to 61.2 ± 20.9 µg/dL (p < 0.001)] and in women [116.3 ± 34 to 67.1 ± 21.8 µg/dL (p < 0.001)] without a gender difference (p = 0.28). Hepcidin levels increased significantly both in men [9.1 ± 6.5 to 12.2 ± 5.8 ng/mL (p < 0.001)] and in women [8.0 ± 4.6 to 11.7 ± 5.7 ng/mL (p < 0.001)] without a significant gender difference in hepcidin changes (p = 0.34).Conclusions: In conclusion, three consecutive high-intensity training bouts lead to elevated hepcidin levels and decreased iron levels in elite athletes of dragon boating. The increase in hepcidin levels may contribute to the risk of anemia in these athletes.