Effects Of High-intensity Resistance Training Research Articles

Pumping up the Fight against Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Functional Capacity, Muscle Mass, and Axonal Damage.

Resistance training (RT) has been recognized as a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but its impact on neurodegeneration is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity RT on muscle mass, strength, functional capacity, and axonal damage in MS patients. Eleven relapsing-remitting MS patients volunteered in this within-subject counterbalanced intervention study. Serum neurofilament light-chain (NfL) concentration, vastus lateralis thickness (VL), timed up-and-go test (TUG), sit-to-stand test (60STS), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were measured before and after intervention. Participants performed 18 sessions of high-intensity RT (70-80% 1-RM) over 6 weeks. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed post-intervention for VL (ES = 2.15), TUG (ES = 1.98), 60STS (ES = 1.70), MVIC (ES = 1.78), and NfL (ES = 1.43). Although moderate correlations between changes in VL (R = 0.434), TUG (R = -0.536), and MVIC (R = 0.477) and changes in NfL were observed, only the correlation between VL and MVIC changes was significant (R = 0.684, p = 0.029). A 6-week RT program significantly increased muscle mass, functional capacity, and neuromuscular function while also decreasing serum NfL in MS patients. These results suggest the effectiveness of RT as a non-pharmacological approach to mitigate neurodegeneration while improving functional capacity in MS patients.

Effect of High-Intensity Resistance Training Versus Endurance Training on Irisin and Adipomyokine Levels in Healthy Individuals: An 8-Week Interventional Study.

Background: Irisin and adipomyokine are proteins secreted by the body during exercise and exhibit potential therapeutic effects for chronic disorders. Gaining insights into how high-intensity resistance training and endurance training influence irisin and adipomyokine secretion could shed light on optimizing exercise regimens for potential therapeutic applications. Such knowledge could pave the way for personalized exercise prescriptions and contribute to the development of novel treatments for chronic conditions, enhancing overall health and well-being. Objectives: To investigate the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) and endurance training on irisin and adipomyokine levels in healthy individuals. Methods: An 8-week interventional comparative study was conducted at Nimra Institute of Medical Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India. One hundred healthy male individuals aged 21 to 35 were divided into two groups: HIRT and endurance. The HIRT group performed high-intensity resistance training, while the endurance group performed endurance training. Ethical approval was obtained, and baseline and post-intervention values of the participants were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: After 8 weeks, irisin levels were significantly elevated in the HIRT group (167.39±11.27) compared to the endurance group (155.39±11.28). A positive correlation was observed between skeletal muscle and irisin levels in both the HIRT group (χ2-16.38; p=0.04) and the endurance group (χ2-18.36; p=0.01). Additionally, TNF-α (HIRT: 81.47±4.02 and Endurance: 61.19±4.00) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (HIRT: 46.84±4.46 and Endurance: 36.15±3.89) levels significantly increased in the HIRT group. However, there was no significant change in leptin levels in either group (HIRT: 3.75±0.58 0.58 and 4.15±0.58). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that HIRTis more effective in increasing irisin levels compared to endurance training. However, the notable elevation of IL-6and TNF-α in the HIRT group raises concerns about potential chronic inflammation. To optimize outcomes, a combined approach, coupling HIRT and endurance training, may be beneficial. Additionally, the results emphasize the significance of skeletal muscle as a primary source of irisin secretion, implying that increased muscle contraction contributes to higher irisin release even in healthy individuals. These insights can guide exercise prescriptions and potentially enhance therapeutic strategies for chronic disorders.

Acute effects of high-intensity resistance training on central blood pressure parameters of elderly hypertensive women: a crossover clinical trial.

Assess the acute effects of a high-intensity resistance training session on central blood pressure (CBP) parameters of elderly hypertensive women. Forty physically active hypertensive women were included in resistance training and control protocols. Resistance training exercises were bench press, leg press and lat pull-down. The resistance training protocol consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions to volitional failure with 90 s of rest between sets. No exercise was performed in the control protocol. CBP parameters were measured in four moments: before (PRE), immediately after (T0), 30 min (T30) and 60 min (T60) following both protocols. Resistance training significantly increased central SBP (cSBP) 107.4 ± 16.3 vs. 117.5 ± 16.7), augmentation index ((24.9 ± 12.7 vs. 33.1 ± 12.0), pulse wave velocity (PWV 9.7 ± 1.0 vs. 10.3 ± 1.1), peripheral pulse pressure (pPP 48.5 ± 11.7 vs. 58.9 ± 13.1), central pulse pressure (cPP 38.3 ± 11.6 vs. 46.5 ± 13.1) and amplified pulse pressure (ampPP 10.2 ± 4.2 vs. 12.4 ± 5.6) immediately after exercises. The comparison between groups showed higher values of cSBP (117.5 ± 16.7 vs. 106.3 ± 14.6), augmentation index (20.9 ± 11.0 vs. 33.1 ± 12.0), pPP (46.6 ± 11.0 vs. 58.9 ± 13.1) and cPP (36 ± 10.2 vs. 46.5 ± 13.1) at T0. After 30 min, all variables returned to the baseline values. High-intensity resistance training session increased CBP parameters immediately after exercises, but those changes were not sustained after 30 min.

Intrinsic motor neuron excitability is increased after resistance training in older adults.

This study investigated the effects of high-intensity resistance training on estimates of the motor neuron persistent inward current (PIC) in older adults. Seventeen participants (68.5 ± 2.8 yr) completed a 2-wk nonexercise control period followed by 6 wk of resistance training. Surface electromyographic signals were collected with two 32-channel electrodes placed over soleus to investigate motor unit discharge rates. Paired motor unit analysis was used to calculate delta frequency (ΔF) as an estimate of PIC amplitudes during 1) triangular-shaped contractions to 20% of maximum torque capacity and 2) trapezoidal- and triangular-shaped contractions to 20% and 40% of maximum torque capacity, respectively, to understand their ability to modulate PICs as contraction intensity increases. Maximal strength and functional capacity tests were also assessed. For the 20% triangular-shaped contractions, ΔF [0.58-0.87 peaks per second (pps); P ≤ 0.015] and peak discharge rates (0.78-0.99 pps; P ≤ 0.005) increased after training, indicating increased PIC amplitude. PIC modulation also improved after training. During the control period, mean ΔF differences between 20% trapezoidal-shaped and 40% triangular-shaped contractions were 0.09-0.18 pps (P = 0.448 and 0.109, respectively), which increased to 0.44 pps (P < 0.001) after training. Also, changes in ΔF showed moderate to very large correlations (r = 0.39-0.82) with changes in peak discharge rates and broad measures of motor function. Our findings indicate that increased motor neuron excitability is a potential mechanism underpinning training-induced improvements in motor neuron discharge rate, strength, and motor function in older adults. This increased excitability is likely mediated by enhanced PIC amplitudes, which are larger at higher contraction intensities.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Resistance training elicited important alterations in soleus intrinsic motor neuronal excitability, likely mediated by enhanced persistent inward current (PIC) amplitude, in older adults. Estimates of PICs increased after the training period, accompanied by an enhanced ability to increase PIC amplitudes at higher contraction intensities. Our data also suggest that changes in PIC contribution to self-sustained discharging may contribute to increases in motor neuron discharge rates, maximal strength, and functional capacity in older adults after resistance training.

The Acute Effect of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Subsequent Firefighter Performance.

Mason, MR, Heebner, NR, Abt, JP, Bergstrom, HC, Shapiro, R, Langford, EL, and Abel, MG. The acute effect of high-intensity resistance training on subsequent firefighter performance. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1507-1514, 2023-High-intensity resistance training (HIRT) is commonly performed by structural firefighters on duty to enhance occupational readiness. However, exercise-induced fatigue may negatively impact subsequent occupational performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the acute effect of HIRT on subsequent occupational physical ability in structural firefighters and to determine the time course of recovery. Seven resistance-trained male firefighters performed a timed maximal effort simulated fireground test (SFGT) in 3 randomized conditions: baseline (SFGT baseline ), 10 minutes post HIRT (SFGT 10min ), and 60 minutes post HIRT (SFGT 60min ). Work efficiency and air depletion were assessed during the SFGT. The timed HIRT session consisted of a standardized set of exercises using absolute training loads. Repeated measures analysis of variance and minimal difference (MD) analysis assessed group and individual effects between the conditions, respectively. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. SFGT 10min completion time was greater than SFGT baseline (430 ± 137 vs. 297 ± 69 seconds, p < 0.01), with no difference between SFGT baseline and SFGT 60min (297 ± 69 vs. 326 ± 89 seconds, p = 0.08). The MD analysis indicated that all firefighters' SFGT 10min times exceeded the MD (±26.4 seconds) compared with SFGT baseline . However, 43% of firefighters still exceeded the MD at SFGT 60min . Air depletion during SFGT 10min was greater than that during SFGT baseline (2,786 ± 488 vs. 2,186 ± 276 lb·in -2 , p = 0.02), with no difference between SFGT baseline and SFGT 60min ( p = 0.25). Work efficiency during SFGT 10min was 40% lower than that during SFGT baseline ( p < 0.01), with no difference between SFGT baseline and SFGT 60min ( p = 0.25). These findings indicate that an acute bout of HIRT decreases multiple descriptors of firefighters' occupational performance 10 minutes post exercise with varied responses at 60 minutes post exercise.

Fat infiltration and muscle hydration improve after high-intensity resistance training in women with sarcopenia. A randomized clinical trial

BackgroundResistance training is recommended for preventing sarcopenia, but the benefits for the quality and quantity of muscle mass are uncertain. ObjectiveTo assess the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in women with sarcopenia. MethodsA researcher-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. Community-dwelling older women with sarcopenia were randomized to six months of HIRT or a control group (CG). Body composition was assessed with bioimpedance equipment, and participants underwent strength and functional performance tests (short physical performance battery [SPPB] and gait speed). MRI scans of the thigh were taken to quantify muscle mass and quality. ResultsThirty-eight women completed the study (20 in the HIRT group). Sarcopenia remitted in 50 % of the HIRT group. HIRT elicited a significant group × time interaction effect for muscle mass (p = 0.027; Ƞ2 = 0.129), muscle mass index (p = 0.023; Ƞ2 = 0.135), fat mass (p = 0.048; Ƞ2 = 0.103) and all strength variables (p < 0.05; Ƞ2 > 0.120). Moreover, the HIRT group obtained higher scores on the SPPB (mean difference [MD] 1.2; p = 0.005) and the 5 times sit-to-stand test (MD = 0.7; p = 0.009). Regarding MRI parameters, infiltrated microscopic fat decreased significantly (HIRT: MD = −0.01; p < 0.05), while hydration (T2) decreased in the CG (MD = 3.6 ms; p = 0.053) at six months. There were significant between-group differences at six months for water diffusion (HIRT: 1.09 × 10−3 mm2/s vs CG: 1.26 × 10−3 mm2/s) and total muscular volume (HIRT: 832.4 L vs CG: 649.2 L). ConclusionsHIRT led to the remission of sarcopenia in half of the older women, as seen in muscle mass, strength, and functional performance and MRI biomarkers, with significant increases in muscle quality. Registered in ClinicalTrials.govNCT03834558.

High-intensity resistance training in people with multiple sclerosis experiencing fatigue: A randomised controlled trial

BackgroundExercise studies including only fatigued persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) with fatigue as primary endpoint are lacking. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on self-reported fatigue in fatigued PwMS in a single center randomised controlled trial. MethodsWe recruited 71 PwMS scoring ≥ 53 on the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC), who were randomised 1:1 to either twice (group A) or once (group B) weekly supervised HIRT for twelve weeks. A non-randomised FSMC score-matched group (n=69) served as non-intervention control. ResultsBetween HIRT-group differences were non-significant for primary and most secondary endpoints. Mean difference in FSMC score (95% confidence intervals) was -10.9 (-14.8; -6.9) in group A and -9.8 (-13.2; -6.3) in group B. Corresponding values for combined HIRT groups vs non-intervention control were -10.3 (-12.9; -7.7) and 1.5 (-0.6;3.6), respectively, p<0.001. Secondary endpoints also improved in both HIRT groups, though only Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety and MS Impact Scale-29 psychological subscales significantly favoured the twice a week HIRT (group A). As an exploratory endpoint, changes in plasma inflammatory protein markers were associated with reduced FSMC scores in the pooled material. ConclusionThe finding that HIRT in fatigued PwMS leads to clinically relevant reductions in self-reported fatigue, associated with changes in plasma inflammatory protein levels, provide evidence for recommending HIRT for fatigued PwMS.

Central arterial stiffness, wave reflection, and heart rate variability following 4-week high-intensity resistance training intervention in young active women.

Arterial stiffness, expedited wave reflection, and autonomic dysfunction are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in women in the United States. Evaluation of the effects of resistance training on these factors has been inconclusive, and even less is known about the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT). This study evaluated the effects of a 4-week HIRT intervention on central arterial stiffness, wave reflection, and heart rate variability in young healthy and active women. 9 women were recruited and underwent a 4-week control period followed by the intervention. Measurements were recorded pre-control, post-control/pre-intervention, and post-intervention. There were no significant changes to central arterial stiffness, wave reflection, or heart rate variability. There was a significant increase in resting heart rate (bpm: 62 ± 7, 66 ± 10; p = 0.003) and a significant decrease in baroreceptor sensitivity (30 ± 7, 21 ± 7; p = 0.018) pre- to post-intervention. There was a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance pre- to post-intervention (1.076 ± 0.281, 0.916 ± 0.250; p = 0.002). Squat, bench press, and deadlift increased pre- to post-intervention (kg: 62 ± 11, 71 ± 9, p = 0.000; 37 ± 7, 40 ± 7, p = 0.002; 76 ± 19, 84 ± 19, p = 0.000). 4weeks of HIRT can supplement a healthy lifestyle in women by increasing strength while decreasing peripheral resistance and preserving arterial pressures. Further evaluation is necessary to investigate the observed increase in resting heart rate and decrease in baroreceptor sensitivity and to determine long-term effects of this training.

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Physical Fitness, Hormonal and Antioxidant Factors: A Randomized Controlled Study Conducted on Young Adult Male Soccer Players.

Simple SummaryWe aimed to analyze the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on physical fitness and hormonal and antioxidant factors of adult young male soccer players. We have compared an 8-week intervention using HIRT period with a control group that only performed regular technical/tactical sessions. The soccer players were assessed before and after the intervention for their physical fitness, and hormonal and antioxidant factors. We have found that using HIRT for 8 weeks, with three sessions a week, results in significant improvements in aerobic capacity, sprint at short (10 m) and medium (20 and 30 m) distances, repeated sprint ability, and change-of-direction. This suggests that HIRT combined with regular field-based practice can provide an additional benefit to physical fitness development. Additionally, the group enrolled on HIRT also exhibited significantly decreased levels of cortisol and malondialdehyde, whereas it exhibited significantly increased growth hormone, testosterone, dis-mutase, and glutathione. The results suggest that HIRT can be an interesting approach for improving physical fitness and adjusting the hormonal and antioxidant levels of adult male soccer players.Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) intervention on the physical fitness, hormonal and antioxidant factors of adult male soccer players. Methods: A randomized controlled study design was implemented. Eighteen soccer players (age: 20.3 ± 0.66 years; stature: 174.0 ± 6.01 cm; body mass: 69.1 ± 6.4 kg; body mass index: 22.8 ± 1.6 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Players were assessed before and after an intervention lasting 8 weeks, with three training sessions a week. Assessments of physical fitness included the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1), 10-, 20-, and 30 m sprint time (ST), running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and change-of-direction time (COD). Hormonal tests included cortisol, testosterone and growth hormone (GH), whereas the antioxidant assessment included superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Results: Between-group analysis revealed no significant differences at baseline, whereas it revealed that HIRT presented significant better results than the control group on YYIRT (p = 0.032), 10 m ST (p = 0.041), 20 m ST (p = 0.040), 30 m ST (p = 0.044), RAST (p = 0.013), and COD (p = 0.031) after the intervention period. The within group analysis revealed that the HIRT group significantly improved the YYIRT1 (p < 0.001), VO2max (p < 0.001), 10 m ST (p < 0.001), 20 m ST (p = 0.006), 30 m ST (p < 0.001), RAST (p < 0.001) and COD (p < 0.001). Moreover, HIRT group significantly reduced the cortisol (p < 0.001) and MDA (p = 0.021), whereas it significantly increased the GH (p < 0.001), testosterone (p < 0.001), SOD (p = 0.009) and GSH (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The HIRT is effective for improving physical fitness, revealing significant better adaptations than controls. Moreover, hormonal and antioxidant adaptations are also confirmed after HIRT intervention.

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training (HIT-RT) on Visceral Adipose Tissue and Abdominal Aortic Calcifications in Men with Osteosarcopenia

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training (HIT-RT) on Visceral Adipose Tissue and Abdominal Aortic Calcifications in Men with Osteosarcopenia

High-Intensity Resistance Training Suppresses Exacerbation of Atopic Dermatitis in Mice

PURPOSE: Training generally promotes health and inhibits diseases. However, in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), training and sweating are significant aggravating factors. This study examined the effect of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on AD-like skin lesions in mice.METHODS: Eight-week-old female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups (control, HIRT, AD-only, and AD+HIRT). The mice in the HIRT group performed vertical ladder climbing for four weeks.RESULTS: After four weeks of HIRT, histopathological examination revealed reduced epidermis/dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mice ear tissue. Additionally, HIRT suppressed serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and mRNA expression of pathogenic cytokines in the ear tissue; further, it reduced the size and weight of the draining lymph node (dLN) and non-dLN (ndLN), and the pathogenic cytokine-related mRNA expression of CD4+T cells from dLNs and ndLNs. We thus observed a negative correlation between HIRT and AD symptoms in mice.CONCLUSIONS:The results show that HIRT exerts positive effects in patients with AD.

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Fitness and Fatness in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia.

To date, there has been no study on the long-term effects of resistance exercise on sarcopenia and obesity indices for people with sarcopenia. The present study thus aimed to determine the effect of 18 months of periodized, high-velocity/intensity/effort progressive resistance training (HIT-RT) on body composition and strength in older men with osteosarcopenia. Using a single-blind, two-group parallel design, 43 community-dwelling men, 72 years and older, with osteopenia and sarcopenia in Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, were randomly assigned to two study arms by drawing lots: (1) an exercise group that conducted a consistently supervised periodized high-velocity/intensity/effort protocol (HIT-RT; n = 21) on machines twice a week for 18 months or (2) a control group (CG; n = 22) that maintained their physical activity/exercise habits. Both groups were supplied with protein, cholecalciferol, and calcium according to current recommendations. The study outcomes were lean body mass (LBM), total and abdominal body fat as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and maximum hip/leg extensor strength as assessed on an isokinetic leg press at baseline and after 8, 12, and 18 months of follow-up. The intention-to-treat principle and multiple imputation were applied to calculated study outcomes. After 18 months of HIT-RT, altogether five participants were lost to follow up (HIT-RT: n = 2, CG: n = 3). The attendance rates (95%) for HIT-RT were high; relevant adverse effects were not observed. Significant effects (i.e., differences between HIT-RT vs. CG) in favor of HIT-RT were determined for LBM (+1.73 kg, 95% CI: +1.13 to +2.32 kg), total body fat mass (−2.44 kg, 95% CI: −1.28 to 3.60 kg), abdominal body fat percentage (−2.68, 95% CI: −1.70 to −3.66), and maximum hip/leg extensor strength (+533 N, 95% CI: +397 to +670 N; all p < 0.001). Even after adjusting for multiple testing, all effects remained significant. Of note, after 8 months of HIT-RT, only slight (LBM and fat indices) to moderate (maximum strength) ongoing effects were observed. Carefully introduced, continuously supervised HIT-RT is an effective, attractive, feasible, and safe method to improve body composition and muscle strength in older community-dwelling men with sarcopenia. However, even when consequently applying principles of exercise intensity progression within the RT protocol, only slight further positive changes were observed after 8 months of exercise.

Synergism Effects of Ursolic Acid Supplementation on the Levels of Irisin, C-reactive Protein, IL-6, and TNF-α During High-intensity Resistance Training in Low Activity Men.

Ursolic Acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid which is extracted from plants. UA may enhance the effect of Resistance Training (RT) in human. Current research was designed to show the effect of High-Intensity Resistance Training (HIRT) in the presence or absence of UA on the serum levels of irisin, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the low activity men. The study included twenty-two healthy male HIRT with placebo, supplementation, and HIRT in the presence of UA supplementation. The two groups received eight-week intervention including 2 sets of 8 exercises, with 8~10 repetitions at 70~75% of 1 repetition maximum and a 2 min rest interval between sets, performed 3 times/week. Placebo or UA orally was evaluated as 1 capsule 3 times/day during 8 weeks. The subsequent factors were measured post- and preintervention: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Irisin, Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). UA supplementation significantly increased the plasma levels of irisin in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05). UA treatment also dramatically decreased the plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05). The current data showed that UA-induced an increase in serum irisin and reduction of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α may have beneficial effects as a chemical for increasing of the effects of HIRT in low activity men.

High-intensity resistance training induces changes in cognitive function, but not in locomotor activity or anxious behavior in rats induced to type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that can lead to cognitive decline through impairment of insulin signaling. Resistance training, a type of physical exercise, is a non-pharmacological approach used to improve insulin resistance in T2D. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) over cognitive function, locomotor activity, and anxious behavior in rats induced to T2D. Thirty young adult male wistar rats were distributed into 3 groups (n = 10): Control; dexamethasone (D); and dexamethasone + exercise (DE), that performed the HIRT during 4 weeks. Blood glucose, water intake, and total body fat were measured. Locomotor activity, and anxious behavior where evaluated through the open field task. Cognitive function was assessed through the novel object recognition task. Insulin resistance and neuronal death were evaluated through western blot analysis. Rats induced to T2D had higher blood glucose levels, and consumed more water when compared to control group, but DE had better blood glucose levels than D. Total body fat was reduced in DE compared to D. Locomotor activity, and anxious behavior were not significantly altered. T2D rats which performed HIRT maintained cognitive function, while those induced to T2D that did not exercise developed cognitive decline. DE group showed a reduction in the inhibition of the activation of hippocampal IRS-1 and higher expression of GSk3β phosphorylated in serine compared to D group, revealing insulin signaling impairment, and neuronal death were identified in the hippocampus of D group. Lifestyle intervention through the regular practice of HIRT plays a fundamental role in the treatment of T2D preventing cognitive decline.

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training and Aerobic Exercise on Expression of ABCG4, ABCG5 and ABCG8 Genes in Female Athletes

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training and Aerobic Exercise on Expression of ABCG4, ABCG5 and ABCG8 Genes in Female Athletes

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia-One-Year Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST).

Dynamic resistance exercise (DRT) might be the most promising agent for fighting sarcopenia in older people. However, the positive effect of DRT on osteopenia/osteoporosis in men has still to be confirmed. To evaluate the effect of low-volume/high-intensity (HIT)-DRT on bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in men with osteosarcopenia, we initiated the Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). Forty-three sedentary community-dwelling older men (aged 73 to 91 years) with osteopenia/osteoporosis and SMI-based sarcopenia were randomly assigned to a HIT-RT exercise group (EG; n = 21) or a control group (CG; n = 22). HIT-RT provided a progressive, periodized single-set DRT on machines with high intensity, effort, and velocity twice a week, while CG maintained their lifestyle. Both groups were adequately supplemented with whey protein, vitamin D, and calcium. Primary study endpoint was integral lumbar spine (LS) BMD as determined by quantitative computed tomography. Core secondary study endpoint was SMI as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Additional study endpoints were BMD at the total hip and maximum isokinetic hip-/leg-extensor strength (leg press). After 12 months of exercise, LS-BMD was maintained in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG, resulting in significant between-group differences (p < 0.001; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.90). In parallel, SMI increased significantly in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.95). Total hip BMD changes did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.064; SMD = 0.65), whereas changes in maximum hip-/leg-extensor strength were much more prominent (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.92) in the EG. Considering dropout (n = 2), attendance rate (95%), and unintended side effects/injuries (n = 0), we believe our HIT-RT protocol to be feasible, attractive, and safe. In summary, we conclude that our combined low-threshold HIT-RT/protein/vitamin D/calcium intervention was feasible, safe, and effective for tackling sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis in older men with osteosarcopenia. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

The effect of high-intensity resistance training and vitamin d supplementation on muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose: Exercise therapy is the cornerstone of knee osteoarthritis (OA) management. In particular muscle strengthening exercise, targeting the characteristic loss of muscle strength present in knee OA, is a key factor for the beneficial effects reported for exercise therapy. The optimal training intensity for resistance training in patients with knee OA, however, is not known to date. Besides resistance training, vitamin D supplementation in patients with vitamin deficiency may optimize muscle strength.

High-intensity resistance training in newly diagnosed sarcoidosis- an exploratory study of effects on lung function, muscle strength, fatigue, dyspnea, health-related quality of life and lung immune cells

ABSTRACT Background: High-intensity resistance training is unexplored in untreated patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance training on lung function, muscle strength, fatigue, dyspnea, health-related impairments, and lung immune cells. Methods: Eleven untreated patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis performed high-intensity resistance training at an intensity of 80% of 1 Repetition Maximum (RM) twice a week and daily inspiratory muscle training at regular intensity for 12 weeks. Assessment with spirometry, chest X-ray, questionnaires, and BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) cells was performed before and in close adjacent to completed training. A final third assessment except bronchoscopy was performed at an average 5 months after the training period. Results: The training was well tolerated and muscular strength increased significantly while fatigue, dyspnea, and health-related impairments decreased, though not significantly in all measures. Mean percentage of lung lymphocytes decreased (p = 0.006). Conclusions: High-intensity resistance training and inspiratory muscle training at regular intensity in patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis led to improvements in muscular strength without adverse events and seems to be a non-invasive attractive way to improve fatigue, dyspnea, and quality of life. Analysis of lung immune cells possibly indicated a decreased inflammatory activity. These results provide a basis for larger randomized trials.

&lt;p&gt;The Favorable Effects of a High-Intensity Resistance Training on Sarcopenia in Older Community-Dwelling Men with Osteosarcopenia: The Randomized Controlled FrOST Study&lt;/p&gt;

PurposeSarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass combined with the loss of muscle function, has become a public health issue. There is an urgent need for interventions. The study aimed to determine the effect of high-intensity resistance training (HI-RT), a time- and cost-efficient training modality, on sarcopenia in osteosarcopenic (OS) older men.MethodsForty-three community-dwelling men aged ≥72 years from Northern Bavaria, Germany, with OS were randomly assigned to either an active HI-RT group (HI-RT) or an inactive control group (CG). Both received dietary protein (up to 1.5 g/kg/day in HI-RT and 1.2 g/kg/day in CG) and Vitamin-D (up to 800 IE/d) supplements. The HI-RT was applied as a consistently supervised single-set training on resistance exercise machines using intensifying strategies, with two training sessions/week, structured into three phases (ranging from 8 to 12 weeks) totaling 28 weeks. The primary study endpoint was the Sarcopenia Z-score; secondary endpoints were changes in the underlying physiological parameters, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip-strength and gait velocity.ResultsThe results show a significant effect of the exercise intervention on the sarcopenia Z-score in the HI-RT (p<0.001) and a significant worsening of it in the CG (p=0.012) in the intention-to-treat analysis, as well as a significant intergroup change (p<0.001). Analysis upon the underlying parameters showed a significant increase of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in the HI-RT group (p<0.001) and a significant intergroup difference of SMI (p<0.001) and handgrip strength (p<0.001). There were no adverse effects related to dietary supplementation or training.ConclusionThe results clearly confirm the favorable effects of HI-RT on sarcopenia. We conclude that HI-RT is a feasible, highly efficient and safe training modality for combating sarcopenia, also in the elderly.

Hypotensive Effects of High Intensity Resistance Training to Muscle Failure in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women

PURPOSE: Moderate-intensity Resistance Training (RT) has been recommended for blood pressure (BP) control by the main guidelines. However hypotensive effects of high intensity RT using higher loads to muscle failure in hypertensive patients is little know. Therefore, the aim of the study was to verify the behavior of BP after the session of high intensity resistance training in hypertensive women. METHODS: A randomized crossover design clinical trial was conducted with 10 controlled hypertensive women with age equal to: 58.9±6.8, body mass index equal to: 27.1±3.8. The participants performed two experimental protocols: a control session and RT session with 6 repetition maximum (RM) to muscle failure. The order of execution of the sessions was performed randomly by lot. The sessions of 6RM was performed with three exercises (lat pulldown, barbell bench press and 45° leg press) in three sets to momentary concentric failure. During the control session the participants followed of rest in the laboratory. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were collected pre, immediately post, 1 h post, and 24 h post each protocol. Repeated measures ANOVA were used. RESULTS: The SPB decrease in 1 h (124.3 ± 10.8) and 24 h (126.2 ± 13.6) after the 6RM session to muscle failure when compared to pre (135.7 ± 14.1), (p < 0.05). SBP was higher for 6RM (144.7±16.4) than control (134.2 ± 18.1) immediately after session (p < 0.05). There were no differences for DBP among protocols (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RT using higher loads to muscle failure promote SPB hypotension 1 h and 24 h after the session. No DPB changes were observed after the RT protocols. The high intensity resistance training can decrease the SPB acutely and help in control of blood pressure in hypertensive women.