Effects Of Hardiness Research Articles

Sex differences in hardiness, coping, and health in new West Point cadets

ABSTRACT The U.S. Military Academy at West Point places young men and women in a highly demanding world of extreme mental and physical challenges. As such, it provides an excellent natural laboratory in which to study how people respond and adapt to highly stressful conditions. The present study explores the role of personality hardiness and coping as stress resilience resources in new (freshmen) cadets at West Point, while also considering sex differences. Using survey methods, N = 234 cadets were assessed during their first year at West Point. Measures included personality hardiness, coping strategies, health symptoms, and number of hospitalizations for all causes. Results show that female cadets are higher in hardiness and emotion-focused coping, as well as somewhat higher in symptoms reports. For the total group, hardiness is linked to better health, both in terms of symptoms reports and hospitalizations. Multiple regression results indicate symptoms are predicted by lower hardiness, higher avoidance coping, and female sex. Conditional process path analysis reveals that the effect of hardiness on symptoms is mediated by emotion-focused coping, and that emotion-focused coping can have both positive and negative effects. This study confirms hardiness is an important stress resilience resource for both men and women in the highly stressful first year at West Point. These findings lend further support to a growing body of evidence that hardiness influences health in part via the coping strategies that people choose to apply in dealing with stressful situations.

The Effect Of Hardiness And Optimism On Career Adaptability In College Students

This study aims to determine the influence of hardiness and optimism on career adaptability in college students. This research uses quantitative methods. The subjects in this study were 134 students from several universities in Indonesia. The sampling technique used in this study was a convenience sampling technique, namely those found by the researcher and deemed suitable as a sample, and willing to follow research by having data in accordance with the criteria made by researchers. Data collection in this study used three scales, namely the career adaptability scale, the hardiness personality scale and the optimism scale made by the researcher. The career adaptability scale consists of 21 items with a reliability coefficient of 0.702. The hardiness scale consists of 20 items with a reliability coefficient of 0.904. The optimism scale consists of 12 items with a reliability coefficient of 0.882. Data analysis techniques in this study were multiple linear regression tests and simple correlation tests. The results of the hypothesis analysis show that there is an influence between hardiness and optimism on career adaptability of 47.8% with R Square 0.478, F 60.019. With p 0.000 (p <0.05), so the hypothesis is accepted.

What affects self-regulated learning ability in undergraduate nursing students: A structural equation modelling approach.

To examine how the effects of hardiness, self-efficacy and positive academic emotion related to the SRL ability of undergraduate nursing students. A cross-sectional survey was designed. A total of 395 Chinese undergraduate nursing students from two undergraduate colleges filled out the questionnaires from May to June 2019. The relationships between hardiness, self-efficacy, positive academic emotion and SRL ability were analysed by structural equation modelling. The response rate was 94.05%. SRL ability was significantly positive correlated with hardiness, self-efficacy and positive academic emotion in undergraduate nursing students. Self-efficacy (β = 0.417, p < 0.001) and positive academic emotion (β = 0.232, p < 0.001) showed a direct effect on the SRL ability. Although hardiness showed no direct effect on the SRL ability, it affected SRL ability through three indirect ways: self-efficacy (77.778%), positive academic emotion (14.184%) and the chain mediating effect from self-efficacy to positive academic emotion (8.038%). Nursing students with a higher level of hardiness would have higher self-efficacy, and more positive and stable academic emotions to obtain the better SRL ability. The produced model provides insights into several factors associated with SRL ability of nursing students. Hardiness, self-efficacy and positive academic emotion should be emphasized in the education of nursing students because these factors could improve their SRL ability and promote their life-long learning.

THE EFFECT OF HARDINESS ON STRESS IN MOTHERS IN HELPING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN TAMAN SARI DISTRICT

During the Covid 19 pandemic, distance learning (PJJ) was applied, this made parents face different situations than usual, mothers felt difficult, annoyed, dizzy, quick to anger, signs of stress symptoms. However, there are also mothers who live it with enthusiasm to overcome it, because they feel that their children's achievements are their responsibility, and are challenged to improve their ability to accompany children. This shows the characteristics of the hardiness personality. Hardiness is the individual's personality to turn stressful conditions into opportunities for growth and development. The purpose of the study was to determine how much influence hardiness has on stress in mothers. The research method uses a quantitative approach, with simple linear regression analysis. The research subjects were 240 people using a hardiness measuring instrument based on the theory of Kobasa and Maddi and a Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) stress measuring instrument. The results showed that there was an effect of hardiness on stress in mothers who helped their children in distance learning activities.

Exploring the relationship between perceived technology-assisted teacher support and technology-embedded scientific inquiry: the mediation effect of hardiness

ABSTRACT This study examines the correlations between perceived technology-assisted teacher support; student hardiness (i.e. individual commitment, challenge, and control); and technology-embedded scientific inquiry (TESI) using a mediational model approach. Data were gathered from the series of questionnaires administered to 1566 Chinese students with an average age of 11.5. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis results confirmed our assumption that when students perceived technology-assisted teacher support, this promoted their TESI hardiness, indirectly increasing their perceived TESI. Perceived technology-assisted teacher support and TESI were found to be positively correlated in this structural model. However, by including TESI hardiness in the mediational mechanism, its direct relationship with both perceived technology-assisted teacher support and perceived TESI was insignificant, while the mediating effects remained significant. Therefore, TESI hardiness is of considerable importance for delineating the relationship between perceived technology-assisted teacher support and perceived TESI. It was revealed that both the interpersonal variable (perceived technology-assisted teacher support) and the individual variable (TESI hardiness) are vital in determining the effectiveness of TESI. These findings enhance the understanding of and approach to the promotion of students’ perception of scientific inquiry by emphasising the value of technology-assisted teacher support and hardiness.

The effect of Hardiness on growth after negative experiences in university students.

The effect of Hardiness on growth after negative experiences in university students.

Effects of Hardiness and Life event on Attachment Styles

Effects of Hardiness and Life event on Attachment Styles

The effect of hardiness on PTSD symptoms: A prospective mediational approach

ABSTRACTPsychological hardiness has been associated with lower PTSD in military personnel, but the processes of action remain unclear. This study uses a prospective design to examine whether hardiness has an indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through avoidance coping. Our sample included 163 Norwegian military personnel who served in international operations between 2009 and 2010. Regression analyses were performed to estimate the coefficients in a simple mediation model, with baseline PTSD symptoms, combat exposure, and deprivation of basic needs entered as control variables. The results showed that the effect of hardiness on PTSD symptoms worked through reducing the use of avoidance coping. It was concluded that an avoidant-focused coping style acts as a vulnerability factor for PTSD symptoms, whereas hardiness acts as a resilience factor against symptoms development.

Emotional distress when studying sensitive topics in psychology, and its relationship with hardiness and mental health

ABSTRACTThis observational, cross-sectional study examined students’ retrospective recall of emotional distress when studying sensitive topics in psychology, and whether hardiness had a mediated pathway to emotional distress through a mental health condition (MHC). Psychology undergraduates (155 women, 34 men) from South Australian universities completed self-report questionnaires assessing hardiness, retrospective measures of emotional distress when studying a range of topics, their concurrent MHC and lifetime cumulative trauma. As hypothesised, students reported more emotional distress to sensitive topics relative to nonsensitive ones, p < .001 (r = −.69). Hardiness was significantly negatively correlated with MHC, p < .001 (r = −.38). Causal mediation analysis revealed, as predicted, that MHC mediated the effect of hardiness on emotional distress (p < .001). These results are consistent with existing literature on students’ reactions to sensitive topics in medical, law and social work education, as well as previous findings of negative associations between hardiness and mental health outcomes. Implications for higher education policy and practice are discussed, including the use of hardiness assessments as an early screening tool for mental health decline. Future research should identify the specific MHCs involved in the mediated pathway from hardiness to course-related emotional distress, and employ longitudinal designs to confirm the temporal ordering of variables.

The Effect of Hardiness on Personal and Social Adjustment of Female-Headed Households

The Effect of Hardiness on Personal and Social Adjustment of Female-Headed Households

Effect of hardiness on CD4+ count among injection drug users

Effect of hardiness on CD4+ count among injection drug users

日本版ハーディネスのストレス反応抑制効果に関する研究(シンポジウム : ヘルスプロモーションの心身医学)(2003年/第44回日本心身医学会総会/沖縄)

日本版ハーディネスのストレス反応抑制効果に関する研究(シンポジウム : ヘルスプロモーションの心身医学)(2003年/第44回日本心身医学会総会/沖縄)

Effects of Hardiness and Years of Military Service on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in U.S. Army Medics

We examined the effects of hardiness on symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS) in postdeployed U.S. Army medics (N = 322). Medics endure a high level of work-related stress on and off the battlefield. Hardiness correlated negatively with reports of PTS symptoms and moderated the cumulative effects of years of military service on PTS symptoms. After controlling for socially desirable responding, PTS symptoms increased with years of military service for those with low levels of hardiness and decreased with years of military service for those with very high levels of hardiness. The military’s current resiliency training programs would likely benefit from incorporating hardiness measures and principles into its curriculum.

Hardiness Promotes Work Engagement, Prevents Burnout, and Moderates Their Relationship

We examined the relationships between hardiness, work engagement, and burnout. Participants were Belgian service members involved in the International Security and Assistance Force (ISAF) operation. They completed a questionnaire containing hardiness items from the revised Norwegian Hardiness Scale, items concerning vigor and dedication from the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and those tapping cynicism and emotional exhaustion from the Utrecht Burnout Scale. Results showed that hardiness was positively related to dedication and vigor, and negatively to cynicism and emotional exhaustion. Our results further suggest that work engagement and burnout are the opposite ends of a continuum. However, analyses concerning the moderation effect of hardiness suggest that individual differences could imply different processes in the relationship between work engagement and burnout.

The Effects of Hardiness and Emotional Intelligence on Posttraumatic Growth: Active Coping as a Mediating Variable

The Effects of Hardiness and Emotional Intelligence on Posttraumatic Growth: Active Coping as a Mediating Variable

The Effects of Hardiness and Cultural Distance on Sociocultural Adaptation in an Expatriate Sales Manager Population

International corporations are increasingly concerned about expatriate executive attrition. There is an urgent need to develop methods for identifying the antecedents to successful expatriate performance. In choosing sales managers for international assignments, special attention should be paid to the candidate’s psychological hardiness and cultural distance between the home and host countries. An empirical study was conducted based on 544 responses from expatriate sales managers originating from 62 countries who are serving in 77 different countries around the globe. Using hierarchical regression, the authors tested main effects of both cultural distance and psychological hardiness on the sales manager’s ability to adapt to a new cultural environment. In addition, psychological hardiness was tested as a moderator of the relationship between cultural distance and sociocultural adaptation. Results suggest that practitioners now include both scales as determinants for justification when selecting expatriate sales assignments. Practically speaking, with both global cultural distance and hardiness scores in hand, companies can better select appropriate personnel who will be able to cope with cultural differences in international placements. Finally, this research provides the first known scholarly study of psychological hardiness in the marketing and sales literature.

Effects of hardiness and resilience on cardiovascular responses under emotional arousal

Effects of hardiness and resilience on cardiovascular responses under emotional arousal

The effect of happiness enhancement program of college students : repeated measure mediated effects of hardiness and optimism on subjective-well being

The effect of happiness enhancement program of college students : repeated measure mediated effects of hardiness and optimism on subjective-well being

Onsite Coping in Novice Climbers as a Function of Hardiness and Self-efficacy

The present study investigated the coping strategies used by novice climbers as a function of hardiness and self-efficacy Thirty physical education university students participated in a two-week climbing training program. Hardiness was assessed before the initiation of the training program, self-efficacy prior to the post-training climbing assessment, and coping strategies after the post-training climbing assessment. Two-way MANOVA revealed significant effects of hardiness on ‘cognitive engagement’ and ‘effort increase’, and a significant interaction between hardiness and self-efficacy on ‘behavioural disengagement’. The results of the study suggest that the coping approach should be further examined as a function of both individual and situational characteristics.

Hardiness and the competitive trait anxiety response

This study examined the effects of hardiness, its subcomponents and skill level upon the intensity and direction dimensions of competitive trait anxiety and self‐confidence intensity. Participants (n = 199) completed the Dispositional Resilience Scale, a modified version of the Sport Anxiety Scale and the self‐confidence scale extracted from a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory‐2. Findings partially supported the hypotheses that elite athletes high in hardiness, commitment and control would demonstrate lower levels of worry and a more facilitative interpretation of the anxiety response. Self‐confidence analyses revealed significant interactions for the commitment and skill interaction only. No interactions were found between skill level and challenge, although main effects were evident for intensity (challenge) and direction (skill level): These findings identify hardiness as an important personality construct within a sport specific situation, and provide support for skill level as being a vital individual difference variable” when measuring competitive anxiety. The role of self‐confidence and possible coping behaviors are also discussed, as are measurement issues regarding the cognitive terms of “worry” and “concern”.