Effects Of Gender Research Articles

Dating Anxiety and Loneliness in Online Dating: The Moderating Effect of Gender

In the digital age, online dating applications have revolutionized the way young adults form romantic connections, providing both opportunities and challenges. Understanding the psychological impacts of these platforms is crucial. Young adults, while navigating romantic pursuits and various developmental challenges, are susceptible to feelings of loneliness. Dating anxiety is a significant factor that can exacerbate loneliness within this demographic. Moreover, gender differences may influence individuals' experiences in dating situations. This research aims to explore the relationship between dating anxiety and loneliness among users of dating applications and to examine the role of gender as a moderating variable in this relationship. The study employs a quantitative correlational approach, incorporating demographic data and two scales: the Dating Anxiety Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale 3. The research participants consist of 250 early adults aged 20-34 who actively use online dating applications. Data analysis involves descriptive analysis and moderation analysis using the Jamovi software. The research findings indicate a significant direct relationship between dating anxiety and loneliness (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, gender was found to have no significant impact on loneliness (p more than 0.05), and the interaction between dating anxiety and gender was not significant (p more than 0.05). This suggests a uniform impact among both genders in the relationship between dating anxiety and loneliness. The study highlights the complex dynamics influencing loneliness among online dating application users. The findings enhance theoretical understanding of how dating anxiety relates to loneliness. Practically, these insights can help developers create features that reduce anxiety and loneliness. Future research should identify other factors influencing these dynamics to further enrich theoretical and practical knowledge in this field.

Gender Differences in Performing an Overhead Drilling Task Using an Exoskeleton-A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Exoskeletons offer potential benefits for overhead working tasks, but gender effects or differences are unclear. This study aimed to compare the performance as well as subjective body strain and comfort of men and women using an upper-body exoskeleton. (2) n = 20 female and n = 16 male participants performed an overhead drilling task with and without a passive upper-body exoskeleton in a randomized cross-over study. The task performance of different movement phases, perceived exertion, and ease of use were measured to compare gender differences. One- and two-way analyses were used to compare genders in the different conditions. The body mass index (BMI) was included as a covariate. (3) Gender differences in task performance were found for error integrals (p < 0.001) with higher values in male participants. Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect for gender x exoskeleton use. While females showed performance decrements in aiming with exoskeleton use, the males' performance increased (p = 0.025). No other gender differences were observed. (4) Gender differences in task performance using an upper-body industrial exoskeleton were less detectable than expected, indicating that body composition and anthropometrics might be valuable indicators for performance including assisting devices. Moreover, future studies should also integrate the examination of muscle activity to gain more insights into potential gender movement control patterns.

Analysing Game Data to Evaluate Children’s Learning Progress with the EDURINO App

Game data offers a unique way to examine children’s learning progress in a gameplay context. Despite its relevance in evaluating the efficacy of game-based learning, this area is less researched than engagement and usability study. This paper presents a quantitative investigation of EDURINO, an educational gaming app targeting children aged 4-8. We implemented learning metrics to track children’s performance in EDURINO games. Specifically, the measurements included standardised variables from educational and experimental psychology, such as error count and duration. Here we reported data from a total of 18 EDURINO minigames in Literacy and Maths. Game data was collected by the learning metrics tracking system. A total of 66,463 players’ data was analysed using generalised linear mixed models with the lm4 package in R. Overall, children have shown improvements while playing the EDURINO app. We examined the relationships between children’s game performance, player demographics and game-specific features and discovered different patterns. First, the significant main effects of age and gender indicated that EDURINO’s educational content was developmentally sensitive and age appropriate. Second, children made fewer errors and spent less time when they were in the later rounds within a game or have played the same game more than once. Third, higher difficulty level undermined game performance. Worth noting is that the effect of game-specific factors varied among different educational content, and such discrepancy could be attributed to the nature of game design. When presented with engaging and interactive content, children may have chosen to deliberately make mistakes for fun effects. These findings are discussed in relation to game-based assessment for learning in EdTech research and industry. We also considered the interpretation of learning progress in EDURINO’s gameplay context while highlighting the need for further efficacy research.

Similar, not universal: the cognitive dimensions of conceptual prototypes of basic emotions in English and in Polish.

The current study explores the differences in conceptualisation of the prototypical basic emotion lexicalisations (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise) in English and in Polish. Measures of concreteness, imageability and context availability were collected and analysed across the six semantic categories of basic emotions, across different parts of speech and between the self-determined genders of the study participants. The initial results indicate that within these cognitive dimensions the conceptualisations of basic emotions in English and in Polish are only similar on the more general but not the higher levels of conceptualisation. The folk-psychological division between positive and negative emotions and the grammatical parts of speech reveal similar patterns in basic emotion concepts in both Polish and in English. However, on the higher levels of conceptualisations that include specific basic emotion semantic categories and self-identified gender, marked language-specific differences become apparent. Different negative emotions drive the statistical differences in Polish and in English, and the gender effects on the measures of concreteness, imageability and context availability are opposite from one language to the other. In other words, basic emotions may be broadly mutually intelligible, but not exactly the same when communicated across languages and cultures.

Spatio-temporal characterization of malaria prevalence in a peri-urban resource limited setting of Western Kenya Highlands

Background: Malaria is the main killer disease in sub-Sahara Africa. Objective: The study identified malaria prevalence patterns in relation to space and time trends in a peri-urban resource limited setting of Western Kenya highlands aimed at strengthening implementation of malaria control strategies. Method: A longitudinal study was carried out in Mbale town and its environs, Vihiga County, from December 2019 to November 2020. Among patients who presented themselves at Mbale Provincial Rural Training health center for different medical issues, 768 malaria confirmed patients were recruited and signed consent before the study commenced. Data was collected using questionnaire and microscopy which was presented through graphs, frequency, means and analyzed using linear regression. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Plasmodium falciparum malaria constituted 98.7%,while P. malariae, P. vivax, and P. ovale constituted 1.3%. Linear regression analysis showed effect of age, gender and location on malaria prevalence as (R2 = 0.7, [F (3,764) = 1.854], p &lt; 0136). Malaria prevalence varied in different months due to changes in amount of rainfall and temperatures received. Conclusion: Spatio-temporal characterization and many mosquito breeding grounds influenced malaria prevalence in the study area. Malaria control strategies should be strengthened in relation to space and time-trend. Keywords: Plasmodium species; space; time trend; malaria prevalence; socio-economic factors; demographic factors.

Child-Hayling test for French school-aged children: psychometric properties and normative data

ABSTRACT The Hayling Completion Sentence Test (HSCT) is dedicated to assess inhibition of the dominant response and includes two conditions, an automatic condition in which the participants are asked to complete sentences properly and an inhibition condition in which the participants were asked to produce a word completely unrelated to the sentence. The aim of our study was 1) to adapt, 2) to evaluate the psychometric properties and 3) to standardize the HSCT into a French-school-aged pediatric population. We developed the Child-Hayling Test, a child adaptation of the adult French version of the HSCT. The reliability and validity of the Child-Hayling Test were then evaluated in a sample of 134 children aged 6–11 years. In the inhibition condition, children had lower response latency, as they get older. No effect of gender was observed. Reliability indices were low to moderate. Concerning the convergent and divergent validity, response latencies in the Child-Hayling Test correlated with latency scores in the Barre-Joe inhibition test, whereas the Child-Hayling Test scores were not related to children’s lexical abilities. The Child-Hayling Test was then administered to 393 typically developing 6- to 11-year-old children. Normative data were calculated in the inhibition condition using a regression-based approach. Regression equations to calculate Z scores are provided for clinical use. In addition, we proposed a clear guideline on how to score children’s inhibition responses. The Child-Hayling Test provides a useful tool for assessing prepotent response inhibition in children and can be recommended for use in clinical research and practice.

Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Travel Agency Employees in Selangor

Job satisfaction is among the most difficult issues for many business leaders to address. Researchers have widely discussed this problem, yet statistics still show an alarming increase, and various factors cause it to happen often. This study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention and investigate the moderating effect of employee gender and years of experience on the relationship. The four workplace satisfaction determinants—career advancement, employee empowerment, pay level, and nature of the work—that affect employee turnover intention are covered in this study. This study involved respondents among the travel agencies’ employees within the state of Selangor, regardless of their working position. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 130 employees from 26 travel agency companies that participated in the study. The results show employee empowerment has a significant negative relationship with turnover intention. It has been also found that the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention is significantly moderated by gender and years of experience. This study recommends that further research should use a larger sample size and qualitative methods to gain comprehensive knowledge regarding the phenomenon.

8125 Long-term Effects of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) on Lipid Profile

Abstract Disclosure: G. Le: None. S. Pinkson: None. J. Trejo: None. D. Tripathy: None. Long-term Effects of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) on Lipid Profile There is differential effect of long-term Estrogen and Testosterone therapy on lipid profile. While oral estradiol therapy in post-menopausal women has been associated with increased serum triglyceride and HDL, testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men decreases total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol. However, the long-term effects of Estrogen and Testosterone on lipid profile in transgender patients are not clear. We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the long-term effects of GAHT in transgender men and women followed in Endocrinology Clinic at Veterans Affairs Hospital. 36 transgender men (age 38 ± 2 years, on IM Testosterone cypionate) and 54 transgender women (age 46 ± 2 years, 36 on E2 tablet, 12 on patch, 6 on IM) were followed for 46 ± 5 months and 61 ± 5 months, respectively. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and BMI were compared before and after initiation of therapy. As expected, following GAHT, total testosterone was higher (546 ± 48 vs. 35 ± 9 ng/dL, P&amp;lt;0.001) in transgender men; in transgender women, serum E2 was higher (110 ± 9 vs. 26 ± 2 pg/dL, P&amp;lt;0.001) and total testosterone was suppressed (444 ± 29 ng/dL vs. 66 ± 13 ng/dL). In transgender men, after a follow-up period of approximately 4 years, there were no significant changes in lipid profile (total cholesterol 178 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 8 mg/dL, triglyceride 121 ± 4 vs 134 ± 12 mg/dL, HDL 47 ± 2 vs. 44 ± 2 mg/dL, LDL 107 ± 7 vs. 106 ± 8 mg/dL, all p=NS). Similarly in transgender women, no difference in lipid profile (total cholesterol 170 ± 5 vs. 175 ± 4 mg/dL, triglyceride 118 ± 7 vs 140 ± 9 mg/dL, HDL 49 ± 2 vs. 53 ± 3 mg/dL, LDL 99 ± 4 vs. 97 ± 4 mg/dL, all p=NS) was observed after 5 years of GAHT. There were no differences in lipid profile regardless of E2 tablet, patch or IM therapy. In transgender men, there was an increase in diastolic blood pressure (72 ± 3 vs. 76 ± 2 mmHg, P&amp;lt;0.05) while in transgender women there was decrease in systolic blood pressure (124 ± 2 vs. 118 ± 2 mmHg, p&amp;lt;0.005), and slight increase in BMI (28 ± 0.9 vs. 30 ± 1 kg.m2, P&amp;lt;0.005). In conclusion, long-term testosterone therapy in transgender men and estrogen therapy in transgender women was not associated with worsening lipid profile. Estrogen therapy was associated with lower BP in transgender women and testosterone therapy led to higher BP in transgender men. Presentation: 6/2/2024

6926 Subgroup Analysis by Gender and Body Mass Index (BMI) in People Living With Overweight/Obesity in the Survodutide, a Glucagon/GLP-1 Receptor Dual Agonist, Phase II Trial

Abstract Disclosure: C.W. Le Roux: Consulting Fee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, GI Dynamics, Herbalife, Johnson &amp; Johnson, Eli Lilly, Keyron. O. Steen: Consulting Fee; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. Grant Recipient; Self; Alnylam, Anji, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly &amp; Company, Janssen, Genzyme Corporation, Medacorp, Novo Nordisk, Medicago, Moderna, Novavax, Pfizer, Sanofi, Zucara Therapeutics, Gilead, ViaCyte, CRISPR Therapeutics, Kowa. Speaker; Self; Amgen Inc, AstraZeneca, Bausch Health, Janssen, LMC, Novo Nordisk. K.J. Lucas: None. E. Startseva: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim. A. Unseld: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim. A.M. Hennige: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim. Aim: To explore the effect of gender and BMI on weight loss and adverse events with survodutide in people living with overweight/obesity. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled Phase II trial (NCT04667377), 387 adults with BMI ≥27 kg/m2 without diabetes were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to weekly subcutaneous survodutide (0.6, 2.4, 3.6, 4.8 mg) or PBO over 46 weeks. Percentage change in body weight (primary endpoint), absolute change in body weight and waist circumference (secondary endpoints), and adverse events (AEs) were assessed in subgroups based on gender and BMI at baseline (BL). Data were analyzed descriptively for all participants who received ≥1 dose of study drug and had data for ≥1 efficacy endpoint (full analysis set [FAS]; planned treatment: n=384). Results: Of 384 participants, 68.2% (262) were female. At BL, 9.9% (38), 30.5% (117), 31.8% (122), and 27.9% (107) had a BMI of &amp;lt;30, 30-&amp;lt;35, 35-&amp;lt;40, and ≥40 kg/m2, respectively. Demographics and clinical characteristics at BL were similar between males and females and across BMI subgroups. At Week 46, mean percentage change in body weight from BL with survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO was -11.9% vs -3.3% in males and -17.0% vs -3.2% in females, and -19.1% vs -1.7%, -15.8% vs -3.1%, -15.4% vs -5.8%, and -13.4% vs -0.8% across BL BMI categories. Mean absolute body weight loss from BL (survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO) was -15.9 vs -4.2 kg in males and -22.0 vs -3.0 kg in females. Reductions in absolute body weight with survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO were similar across BMI subgroups: -21.3 vs 1.4 kg, -16.2 vs -3.3 kg, -22.2 vs -7.5 kg, and -19.9 vs -1.6 kg. Mean absolute change in waist circumference from BL (survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO) was -12.8 vs -1.7 cm in males and -17.9 vs -4.9 cm in females, and -8.4 vs -2.6 cm, -14.3 vs -6.4 cm, -17.5 vs -5.0 cm, and -17.2 vs 3.3 cm across BL BMI categories. A higher proportion of participants lost ≥15% of BL body weight with survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO: 31.8% vs 9.5% in males and 66.7% vs 3.0% in females, and 75.0% vs 14.3%, 57.9% vs 4.5%, 52.0% vs 6.7%, and 50.0% vs 0.0% across BL BMI categories; respectively. All survodutide doses (pooled) were tolerated as expected across gender and BL BMI subgroups. In males vs females, respectively, rates of any AE (87.9% vs 92.4%), serious AEs (4.0% vs 4.3%), and discontinuations due to AEs (25.3% and 24.3%) were comparable. Gastrointestinal (GI) AEs with all survodutide doses were experienced by fewer males (65.7%) than females (79.5%); mild to moderate nausea was the most frequently reported GI AE in both subgroups. Conclusion: After 46 weeks of survodutide treatment, females appeared to lose more body weight and waist circumference than males. Participants with a lower vs higher BL BMI generally lost more proportional body weight, with an opposite trend observed for waist circumference. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Contextual and psychological factors in using recycled stormwater for residential purposes: a case study from Taiyuan, China

ABSTRACT This paper reviewed the managed aquifer recharge (MAR) practices around the world and explored urban residents' attitudes towards using stormwater recycled through MAR for residential uses in a Chinese socio-cultural context. The exploration was conducted from both contextual and psychological perspectives based on two established theories. The moderating effect of gender on residents' attitudes was tested. The results showed that most respondents supported using recycled stormwater for residential purposes but demonstrated hesitance in using recycled stormwater for uses that present proximity to human contact, which normally requires connecting the water to their house. Regarding the water quality attributes such as the colour, odour, and salt content of recycled stormwater, respondents were more tolerant if the water was used for uses that have limited human contact and less tolerant for uses that have close human contact. Therefore, any future decision to connect recycled stormwater into houses would require careful consideration and investigation as it depends on a range of issues including the proximity to human contact and the quality attributes of the water. Gender was a weak predictor in moderating respondents' attitudes towards using recycled stormwater, which adds to the inconsistent literature.

Fusional Vergence amplitude measurement among students of ISRA School of optometry, Isra University, Karachi campus

Purpose: To determine mean fusional vergence amplitudes FVA and the effect age and gender on FVA. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among Isra School of optometry, Isra University, Karachi campus students from August 2023 to December 2023. A total of 120 students consisting of 43 males (35.8%) and 77 females (64.1%) were recruited using a convenient sampling technique. Inclusion criteria included subjects with 6/6 vision, no any ocular disease, strabismus and subjects with exophoria or esophoria. The age ranged from 18-27 years. Patients underwent ophthalmic procedure i.e. visual acuity for both distance and near and ophthalmoscopy was performed to check the clarity of the patient’s media. After assessing the ocular media, cover test was used to check the type of phoria. By using horizontal prism bars, Positive Fusion Vergence (PFV) and Negative Fusion Vergence (NFV) were recorded as break, and recovery points at near and distance. All the information was recorded in self-made Performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Result: Students were categorized into three age groups: Group 1 (18-21 years), Group 2 (22-24 years), and Group 3 (25-27 years). The data showed negative fusional divergence break-up and recovery points at distance and near, with mean values of 10.06±4.8 Δ and 7.3±4.7 Δ, respectively. Positive fusional convergence break-up and recovery points at distance and near had mean values of 10.95±6.11 Δ and 8.1±5.57 Δ, respectively. The result for negative divergence break and recovery point at distance were significant with p-value of 0.021 and 0.026, respectively Conclusion: This study concluded that the mean fusional vergence amplitudes FVA at near and distance are reduced while distance and near FV revealed no effects of age and gender. However, negative fusional break point and positive fusional recovery point were significantly affected by age.

Shaping sustainable tourism: how minimalism and citizenship behavior influence tourists’ proenvironmental behavior

Purpose This study aims to examine the roles of minimalist and citizenship behaviors in influencing sustainable tourism practices. It further examined the role of moral credit as a mediating factor in these relationships. Additionally, this research scrutinizes the moderating effects of age and gender on these behavioral influences. Design/methodology/approach This study used a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional design to examine the data of 451 tourists visiting three destinations in India. The proposed conceptual model was evaluated through partial least squares structural equation Modeling, and the impact of the control variables was examined via PLS-Multi Group Analysis. Findings The results confirmed that minimalist and citizenship behaviors significantly influence pro-environmental actions. Moral credit has emerged as a pivotal bridge between these behaviors and sustainable tourism practices, underscoring its mediating role. Additionally, the analysis revealed that age and gender substantially moderated these relationships, highlighting the demographic-specific dynamics. Originality/value This study provides novel insights into how behaviors such as minimalism and citizenship contribute to sustainable travel practices. The identification of moral credit as a key mediator, along with the demographic nuances of age and gender, offers unique perspectives on sustainable consumer behavior dynamics within tourism. These findings provide valuable directions for stakeholders in sustainable tourism and policymakers aiming to cultivate positive consumer behaviors and advance the sustainability of the sector.

Orthorexia nervosa tendencies and risk of eating disorders among culinary arts students: A comparative study with dietetics students.

Students pursuing food-related academic fields such as dietetics have higher orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendencies and are at a greater risk of developing eating disorders (EDs). However, there is limited research available on ON tendencies and on the risk of EDs in the culinary arts field, which also revolves around food. The present study explored ON tendencies and the risk of EDs among culinary arts students and compared them with those of dietetics students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in France, using the eating habits questionnaire (EHQ) to measure ON tendencies, and the SCOFF as well as the eating disorders examination questionnaire (EDEQ) to evaluate the risk of EDs and ED symptoms. The study also included questions about sports practice. In total, 267 students participated in the study, including 144 culinary arts students (51 women, 92 men and one other) and 123 dietetics ones (106 women, 15 men and two others). Culinary arts students exhibited similar means of EHQ scores as dietetics ones (32.99 vs. 33.34) but higher SCOFF scores (52.8% vs.39.8%). In addition, a gender difference was evidenced: women in culinary arts showed higher EHQ, SCOFF and EDEQ scores than men in culinary arts. Linear regression models showed no effect of the type of academic field (culinary arts vs. dietetics) on the EDEQ score but revealed effects of gender, body mass index and hours of sports practice. The study emphasises the need to monitor culinary students and implement interventions to prevent EDs. It also suggests a correlation between food-related education and the risk of EDs, which requires further research.

Individual cognitive traits can be predicted from task-based dynamic functional connectivity with a deep convolutional-recurrent model.

There has been increased interest in understanding the neural substrates of intelligence and several human traits from neuroimaging data. Deep learning can be used to predict different cognitive measures, such as general and fluid intelligence, from different functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments providing information about the main brain areas involved in these predictions. Using neuroimaging and behavioral data from 874 subjects provided by the Human Connectome Project, we predicted various cognitive scores using dynamic functional connectivity derived from language and working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task states, using a 360-region multimodal atlas. The deep model joins multiscale convolutional and long short-term memory layers and was trained under a 10-fold stratified cross-validation. We removed the confounding effects of gender, age, total brain volume, motion and the multiband reconstruction algorithm using multiple linear regression. We can explain 17.1% and 16% of general intelligence variance for working memory and language tasks, respectively. We showed that task-based dynamic functional connectivity has more predictive power than resting-state dynamic functional connectivity when compared to the literature and that removing confounders significantly reduces the prediction performance. No specific cortical network showed significant relevance in the prediction of general and fluid intelligence, suggesting a spatial homogeneous distribution of the intelligence construct in the brain.

Heatwave and upper urinary tract stones morbidity: effect modification by heatwave definitions, disease subtypes, and vulnerable populations.

As heatwave occurs with increased frequency and intensity, the disease burden for urolithiasis, a heat-specific disease, will increase. However, heatwave effect on urolithiasis subtypes morbidity and optimal heatwave definition for urolithiasis remain unclear. Distributed lagged linear models were used to assess the associations between 32 defined heatwave and upper urinary tract stones morbidity. Relative risk (RR) and attributable fraction (AF) of upper urinary tract stone morbidity associated with heatwave of different intensities (low, middle, and high) were pooled by meta-analysis. Optimal heatwave definition was selected based on the combined score of AF, RR, and quasi-Akaike Information Criterion (QAIC) value. Stratified analyses were conducted to investigate the modification effects of gender, age, and disease subtypes. Association between heatwave and upper urinary tract stones morbidity was mainly for ureteral calculus, and AF was highest for low-intensity heatwave. This study's optimal heatwave was defined as average temperature > 93rd percentile for ≥ 2 consecutive days, with AF of 7.40% (95% CI:2.02%, 11.27%). Heatwave was associated with ureteral calculus morbidity in males and middle-aged adults. While heatwave effect was statistically insignificant in females and other age groups. Managers should develop appropriate definitions to address heatwave based on regional characteristics and focus on heatwave effects on urolithiasis.

Effects of board gender and foreign directorship on the financial sustainability of Saudi listed firms: Does family ownership matter?

This study investigates how family ownership may influence the effects of board gender and foreign directorship on the financial sustainability. The panel data of 103 Saudi non-financial listed companies from 2013 to 2022 was analyzed using fixed effects, and the generalized method of moments (GMM) was used for robustness test. The research findings suggest a strong and positive effect of foreign directorship on financial sustainability, consistent with the resource dependency view and agency theory. However, board gender exerts a negative and significant influence, contradicting existing theories. Further, the moderation results show that family ownership positively moderates the effects of both board gender and foreign directorship on financial sustainability. This positive moderating result supports the agency theory’s argument that robust and stringent monitoring of corporate ownership may complement boards’ functions and boost organizational efficiency. The policy decision of the findings is that setting corporate boards with a considerable ratio of foreign directors may lead to sustainable performance. Also, it implies that family ownership seems to be an essential mechanism that can neutralize the adverse effects of boardroom diversity on outcomes.

Generative artificial intelligence usage by researchers at work: Effects of gender, career stage, type of workplace, and perceived barriers

The integration of generative artificial intelligence technology into research environments has become increasingly common in recent years, representing a significant shift in the way researchers approach their work. This paper seeks to explore the factors underlying the frequency of use of generative AI amongst researchers in their professional environments. As survey data may be influenced by a bias towards scientists interested in AI, potentially skewing the results towards the perspectives of these researchers, this study uses a regression model to isolate the impact of specific factors such as gender, career stage, type of workplace, and perceived barriers to using AI technology on the frequency of use of generative AI. It also controls for other relevant variables such as direct involvement in AI research or development, collaboration with AI companies, geographic location, and scientific discipline. Our results show that researchers who face barriers to AI adoption experience an 11 % increase in tool use, while those who cite insufficient training resources experience an 8 % decrease. Female researchers experience a 7 % decrease in AI tool usage compared to men, while advanced career researchers experience a significant 19 % decrease. Researchers associated with government advisory groups are 45 % more likely to use AI tools frequently than those in government roles. Researchers in for-profit companies show an increase of 19 %, while those in medical research institutions and hospitals show an increase of 16 % and 15 %, respectively. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving the use of generative AI tools amongst researchers, with valuable implications for both academia and industry.

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and food-effect of pivmecillinam after single- and multiple-dose in healthy Chinese subjects: a phase I study.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infectious diseases worldwide. However, the resistance of urinary pathogens to other UTI antibiotics such as trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole increased. Pivmecillinam is a prodrug of mecillinam, which is effective for the treatment of urinary tract infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, and pharmacokinetics of pivmecillinam and mecillinam after single- and multiple-dose oral administration of pivmecillinam tablets in healthy Chinese subjects. The study also investigated the profile of urinary excretion of mecillinam, as well as the effect of food and gender on the pharmacokinetics of pivmecillinam and mecillinam. This study was a single-center, open-label phase I study carried out in three groups. In total, 34 subjects were included in the study: group 1-food effect study with pivmecillinam 200mg (n = 12); group 2-single- and multiple-dose study with pivmecillinam 400mg (n = 12); group 3-single dose study with pivmecillinam 600mg (n = 10). The plasma and urine concentrations of pivmecillinam and mecillinam were measured, and their pharmacokinetics were calculated. Treatment-emergent adverse events were evaluated and recorded in safety assessments for three groups. No severe adverse events were found in this study. After a single dose of pivmecillinam was taken orally, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of pivmecillinam increased in a dose-proportional manner, nor did mecillinam. Food had significant effects on Cmax and AUC0-t of pivmecillinam and Cmax of mecillinam. The mean cumulative percentage of urine excretion of mecillinam at 0 to 24h ranged from 35.5 to 44.0%. Urinary cumulative excretion is relative to the drug dose, but the diet and multiple-dose administration did not affect the urinary cumulative excretion rate. The safety and pharmacokinetics of pivmecillinam and mecillinam after single- (200/400/600mg) or multiple-dose (400mg) administration were demonstrated in healthy Chinese subjects. Food affected the pharmacokinetics of pivmecillinam and mecillinam.

54 Effect of Patient Gender on Setting Ceilings of Care: A Survey of Clinical Decisions in European Emergency Physicians

54 Effect of Patient Gender on Setting Ceilings of Care: A Survey of Clinical Decisions in European Emergency Physicians

Gender differences in postoperative pain, sleep quality, and recovery outcomes in patients undergoing visual thoracoscopic surgery

ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of gender on postoperative pain, sleep quality, and recovery outcomes in patients undergoing VATS surgery under general anesthesia. MethodPerioperative peripheral blood inflammatory markers system inflammation Index (SII) was recorded for perioperative inflammatory response. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain level. And the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was evaluated on the night before surgery (sleep preop 1), the first night after surgery (sleep POD 1), and the third night after surgery (sleep POD 3) for postoperative sleep. ResultIn this prospective cohort study, 79 males and 79 females were consecutively included. Females had significantly higher pain score (both rest and cough pain) compared to the males at 3 h after the surgery (3.85 ± 1.2 vs. 3.16 ± 1.1) (rest) (p < 0.001) and 5.10 ± 1.3 vs. 4.46 ± 1.6 (coughing) (p = 0.006)). Patients in the male group had significantly lower AIS scores than those in the female group at Sleep POD 1 and Sleep POD 3 (p = 0.024 and p = 0.045). And in both groups, postoperative SII was increased and statistically significant compared to preoperative SII (p < 0.001, respectively). Women presented higher levels of SII on the first day after surgery, and the increase of postoperative SII in females groups was significantly higher than that in male group when compared to preoperative SII (1806.33 ± 1314.8 vs 1430.55 ± 958.4) (p = 0.042). ConclusionThese findings highlight the complex multidimensional nature of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, sleep quality and the potential contributory role of sex in shaping these outcomes. Women had worse sleep quality, higher postoperative inflammatory response level and pain level than men.