Effect Of Fiber Surface Treatment Research Articles

Effect of fiber surface treatment with silane coupling agents and carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites

Effect of fiber surface treatment with silane coupling agents and carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites

Study on the physicochemical properties of human hair fiber‐reinforced modified epoxidized soybean oil‐based composites

This paper investigates the effect of fiber surface treatment on various properties of hair fiber reinforced composites. Human hair fiber reinforced modified epoxidized soybean oil based composites were prepared by compression molding technique. Acid treatment of hair fibers was carried out by using three different concentrations of HCl solution (0.25%, 0.75%, and 1%, respectively) in order to achieve improvement in adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. Epoxidized soybean oil was modified using methacrylic acid and methacrylic anhydride to form methacrylic anhydride modified epoxidized soybean oil. Rosin acid derivative (a rigid comonomer) was prepared and used as a crosslinker. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out to study the interaction among the components of the composites. Various properties, namely, mechanical, thermal, flame resistance, and chemical resistance were checked. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surface of the composites was carried out to examine the morphologies. Hair fibers treated with 0.75% of HCl showed maximum improvement in all the properties and could be employed as reinforcement in various composites to be used for structural applications.

IMPROVEMENT OF SAWDUST FIBER IN PROPERTIES OF POLYLACTIC ACID COMPOSITES: EFFECT OF FIBER SURFACE TREATMENTS

In this study, we investigated the impact of surface treatment on polylactic acid (PLA)/sawdust fiber (SF) composites. Utilizing a 20% weight-to-weight ratio of agricultural waste, three distinct chemical modification approaches were employed to treat the sawdust, with the aim of enhancing the compatibility between the PLA matrix and the wood fibers. The treatments included alkali-, benzoyl chloride-, and permanganate-treated SFs. The results demonstrated an increase in rigidity with alkali treatment, while composites treated with benzoyl chloride and permanganate exhibited improved ductility. However, the thermal stability of the treated fiber composites was reduced. Comparative analysis revealed that wood fibers treated with sodium hydroxide and permanganates exhibited superior dispersion in the PLA matrix compared to fibers treated with benzoyl chloride. Beyond these findings, this assessment carries significant implications for sustainable material development, since the utilization of agricultural waste provides an alternative composite material for construction or industrial applications. The study's outcomes contribute to the ongoing quest for eco-friendly solutions in material science and offer practical insights for selecting the most suitable composite material based on specific applications and industry needs.

Effect of fiber surface treatment on mechanical, interfacial, and moisture absorption properties of cattail fiber‐reinforced composites

AbstractSurface treatment of cattail, a lignocellulosic renewable fiber, was investigated to determine the conditions that would reduce moisture absorption while maximizing the properties of cattail fiber‐reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Surface modification of cattail fiber was studied by treating them with 2.5, 5, and 10% of 1,6‐diisocyanatohexane (DIH) and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) for three different immersion times (10, 20, and 30 min). DIH‐HEA treated fibers were preformed into a non‐woven mat and impregnated with unsaturated polyester resin to manufacture composite. The existence of covalent bonds on the treated fibers via NH and CN groups was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The 10% DIH‐HEA resulted in the best results; while the mean diameter of the treated fiber decreased by ~37%, the modulus and the strength of it increased by ~267 and ~151%, respectively. Equilibrium moisture regain of the treated fibers and their composites decreased by ~43% and ~40%, respectively. The tensile modulus of the composites increased by ~171%. Enhancement in tensile strength is observed but could not be quantified due to the difference in Vf and scatter in the data. SEM examination confirmed the enhancement in fiber–matrix bonding due to surface treatment.

Effects of Characteristics of Sisal Fiber using the SPSS Method

The distinguishing qualities or traits of anything are its characteristics. They can be viewed as traits that set one person or thing apart from another. For instance, the chameleon's ability to blend in is one of its traits. Soft, straight, and golden in color, sisal fibers are. Sisal can have long or short fibers because it is extremely coarse and rigid. Because of its strength, toughness, stretch ability, compatibility with some colors, and resilience to degradation in saline water, sisal is prized for use as cordage. Sisal can be fashioned into carpets, mats, and a variety of handicrafts in addition to its traditional applications as rope, ropes, string, and yarn. Sisal fiber is a tough, robust material with low flexibility that is obtained from freshly cut leaves of the plant. It is crucial in the production of materials like carpeting, coarse purses, maritime rope (where strong resistance to saltwater is required), and cordage. Research significance: In recent years, materials engineers and material scientists have paid close attention to sisal-fiber reinforced composites as a type of environmental composites. Effects of fiber surface treatment on fiber compressive properties and fiber-matrix are discussed in this article. Tensile as well as single-strand strand pull tests were used, respectively, to assess the interfacial characteristics. For assessing the implies that the average shear resistance of composite laminates, a short beam shearing test was also carried out. High density polyethylene (HDPE), vinyl ester, and epoxy were selected as the matrix materials. Two different fiber surface-treatment techniques, chemical bonding and oxidation, were used to boost interfacial strength. According to the results, different fiber surface-treatment techniques had varying effects on the tensile strength of sisal fiber, as well as the strength and bonding characteristics of the fiber-matrix interface. As a result, this work can provide important knowledge on jute fiber-polymer matrix compound interface design. Method: Ratio studies are statistical analyses of data from appraisals and property valuations. Nearly all states utilize them to produce quantitative measure of the proportion of current market price about which individually estimated taxable property is appraised as well as to offer assessment performance indicators. Evaluation parameters: Fiber diameter (mm), Water content (%), Tensile strength(MPa), Tensile modulus(GPa) and Elongation at break (%) Result: The Cronbach's Alpha Reliability result. The overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is .658 which indicates 66% reliability. From the literature review, the above 50% Cronbach's Alpha value model can be considered for analysis. Conclusion: Characteristics of sisal fiber the Cronbach's Alpha Reliability result. The overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is .658 which indicates 66% reliability. From the literature review, the above 50% Cronbach's Alpha value model can be considered for analysis.

Effect of fiber surface treatment on the mechanical, morphological, and dynamic mechanical properties of palm petiole fiber/LLDPE composites

Effect of fiber surface treatment on the mechanical, morphological, and dynamic mechanical properties of palm petiole fiber/LLDPE composites

Synergistic effect of fiber surface treatment and nanoclays on the damping behaviors of polyester composites reinforced with palmyra fruit fibers

Synergistic effect of fiber surface treatment and nanoclays on the damping behaviors of polyester composites reinforced with palmyra fruit fibers

Thermal, structural, and morphological examination of mercerized coir fiber–reinforced composites

In recent times, the use of discarded single-use plastics in the manufacture of value-added products has increased drastically. Their use as recycled materials significantly reduce the environmental impact of waste plastic pollution, encourage sustainability, and provide an alternate solution to their disposal. This research also investigates and discusses the use of recycled low-density polyethylene in the form of milk pouches, collapsible tubes, and medicinal strips along with coir fiber as reinforcement for the fabrication of polymer composites. Composites were manufactured by compression molding technique and the effect of fiber surface treatment on the mechanical, morphological and structural characteristics was studied. Thermal stability was also studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It was observed that treating cellulosic fibers with 5% NaOH improved the wettability and interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrix. Thermal stability was increased and a better mechanical property was achieved. Based on the finding of this research, it was concluded that using recycled plastic could produce a notable reduction in waste accumulation and the composites made by their incorporation also show better mechanical and morphological properties. They proved to be a sustainable and greener solution to the problem of waste management.

Effect of the fiber surface treatment on the mechanical performance of bamboo fiber modified asphalt binder

• The properties of silane-treated bamboo asphalt, alkali-treated bamboo asphalt, and heat-treated bamboo asphalt were evaluated and compared. • Silane-treated bamboo fibers exhibit the best interfacial properties with asphalt. • The rheological properties of treated fiber asphalt are improved compared to untreated fiber asphalt. • Silane-treated fiber asphalt has the longest fatigue life of the three treated fiber asphalts. Bamboo fibers exhibit better interfacial properties with asphalt after surface treatment. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the effect of bamboo fiber surface treatment on asphalt properties. In this paper, the adhesion of bamboo fibers to asphalt after silane coupling agent, alkali treatment, and heat treatment was investigated. And the rheological properties and fatigue performance of the fiber asphalt binder were evaluated. The adhesion and stripping work of the fibers and asphalt were characterized by measuring the contact angle. The microstructure of treated fibers was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thermal stability of the fibers was then evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Finally, the rheological properties and fatigue performance of fiber asphalt were studied by Dynamic Shear Rheological test (DSR), Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test (MSCR), and Linear Amplitude Sweep tests (LAS). In the SEM images, it can be observed that the silane-treated fibers have a rough surface and multiple independently existing fibers, which can provide support for the fact that the silane-treated fiber asphalt has favorable adhesion. In addition, the silane-treated fibers showed the most significant improvements in wettability and rheology. The adhesion work of silane-treated fibers was 66.7% greater than that of untreated fibers. All treated fiber asphalt showed better rheological properties than untreated fiber asphalt. The addition of treated fibers resulted in lower δ values, higher G*/sin δ, and increased fatigue life of the asphalt. Silane-treated fiber asphalt has the largest G*/sin δ and fatigue life of tested asphalt. Based on the results, several fiber treatment methods are evaluated, improving the reference for choosing a suitable fiber surface treatment for bamboo asphalt.

Effect of fiber surface treatments in HDPE-henequen short fiber-reinforced composites: Static characterization and fatigue

Effect of fiber surface treatments in HDPE-henequen short fiber-reinforced composites: Static characterization and fatigue

Effect of Fibre Surface Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite

ABSTRACT Interface between the fiber and polymer matrix plays a key role in fiber-reinforced composites. Modification of the interface by chemicals or particles promotes the interaction between fiber and matrix. In the present study, attempt has been made to modify the surface of jute fiber with starch particles, an eco-friendly and low-cost material. Coating of starch on jute fiber has been carried out by a solution-based approach with variation in fiber to starch ratio (100:1, 100:5, 100:10). Composites have been prepared by hand lay-up technique using starch uncoated and coated fibers along with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Fibers have been characterized by microscopy and thermal analysis which reveals the coating of starch particles on fibers. It has been observed that with increasing starch concentration roughness increases but higher content leads to smooth surface of the fiber. The mechanical properties of composite sheets have been evaluated by tensile, flexural and impact testing. Maximum tensile strength of 20.5 MPa and Young’s modulus of 1457.7 MPa has been obtained in composites having starch-coated fibers with fiber to starch ratio of 100:5. water absorption studies show marginal variation in water uptake by the composites with starch-coated jute fibers.

Effect of Fibre Surface Treatment and Nanofiller Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Flax/PLA Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposite.

Natural fibre-based materials are gaining popularity in the composites industry, particularly for automotive structural and semi-structural applications, considering the growing interest and awareness towards sustainable product design. Surface treatment and nanofiller addition have become one of the most important aspects of improving natural fibre reinforced polymer composite performance. The novelty of this work is to examine the combined effect of fibre surface treatment with Alumina (Al2O3) and Magnesia (MgO) nanofillers on the mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) behaviour of biotex flax/PLA fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites. Al2O3 and MgO with a particle size of 50 nm were added in various weight proportions to the epoxy and flax/PLA fibre, and the composite laminates were formed using the vacuum bagging technique. The surface treatment of one set of fibres with a 5% NaOH solution was investigated for its effect on mechanical performance. The results indicate that the surface-treated reinforcement showed superior tensile, flexural, and impact properties compared to the untreated reinforcement. The addition of 3 wt. % nanofiller resulted in the best mechanical properties. SEM morphological images demonstrate various defects, including interfacial behaviour, fibre breakage, fibre pullout, voids, cracks, and agglomeration.

The effect of fibre surface treatment and coupling agents to improve the performance of natural fibres in PLA composites

Abstract This paper describes work carried out to assess the effect of fibre treatments and coupling agent on the mechanical performance of PLA composites reinforced with 20 wt% fibre. The chemically-treated harakeke and hemp fibres used to produce fibre mats. Maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PLA (MA-g-PLA) was used as a coupling agent. Composites with fibre treated with silane and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and composites using MA-g-PLA were characterised by swelling testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the interfacial bonding for composites with fibres treated using silane and peroxide and composites coupled with MA-g-PLA noticeably improved supported by lower swelling indices, higher tensile strengths and lower tan δ compared to those composites with fibres treated using alkali only, with the highest tensile strength of about 11% higher obtained from composites treated with MA-g-PLA followed by silane and then peroxide. However, using silane, peroxide and MA-g-PLA as additional composite treatments increased significantly the composite failure strain by up 11, 19 and 30%, respectively for harakeke composites and by 13, 24 and 30%, respectively for hemp composites.

Method and experimental characterization of the surface free energy of carbon fibers used in composite systems

AbstractSurface treatments are known to affect the interfacial properties in composite systems, including some mechanical properties, as well as the ease of handling. In this study, a simple surface free energy (SFE) characterization technique is proposed to assess the effect of fiber surface treatments on the wetting behavior and SFE of carbon fibers. Several fiber surface treatments were applied. Commercially available T300 carbon fibers from a unidirectional tape were desized and then subjected to nitric acid oxidation as well as air plasma oxidation. Functionalization of the fiber surface was confirmed via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxidation led to enhanced surface roughness as confirmed by measurements of the fibers' surface area using the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method. However, the wetting behavior of the fibers does not follow either the Wenzel or the Cassie–Baxter equations, possibly due to the dominant effect of the chemical interactions and the chemical heterogeneity of the fiber surface. It is shown that the polar component of the treated fibers' SFE increases while the dispersive component remains unaffected. The increase of the polar component is due to fiber surface functionalization. Both plasma and wet oxidation treatments enhanced the interfacial shear strength of carbon/epoxy specimens. Optimum conditions may result with treatment duration, as shown for a 2‐min air plasma treatment. The suggested technique to measure contact angles may prove beneficial for fast and accurate research work and also for quality control of surface treatments or coating processes.

Development and characterization of epoxy resin composite reinforced with bamboo fiber and bagasse as filler

PurposeRecently, composites have concerned considerable importance as a potential operational material. Lots of work have been carried out to enhance the mechanical properties of composites. The main aim of this paper is to develop bamboo mat as reinforcing material with bagasse fiber as filler using epoxy resin matrix composite.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, the effect of fiber surface treatments on mechanical properties of epoxy resin composite with bagasse as filler has been developed and investigated. The extracted bamboo fibers were treated with NaOH to improve the surface roughness fiber. Using treated and untreated bamboo fiber handwoven mat has been produced to be used as reinforcement and bagasse fiber has been converted into powder to be filled as filler. Composite material is fabricated using bamboo fiber and bagasse fiber as filler with epoxy resin as a matrix using hand layup technique.FindingsThen, tensile, flexural and compressive strength and water absorption tests were conducted on sodium hydroxide treated and untreated fiber composites. The test results comparing with and without alkali treated composites show that there was significant change in their strength and water absorption properties on alkali treated fiber.Originality/valueThis study is an original research paper.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Chemically Treated Sisal Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

ABSTRACT The effect of fiber surface treatment on the structural, thermal, and tribological properties of sisal fibers and their epoxy composites were investigated in this research work. Sisal fibers were modified with alkali (NaOH), glutamic acid, and a combination of both alkali and glutamic acid. To analyze the effect of chemical modification on the properties of sisal fibers, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed. It is observed from the experimental results that there is an improvement in the surface roughness, crystallinity, and thermal stability of chemically treated fibers in comparison to untreated fibers. Microhardness properties of chemically treated sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites (SFREC) also showed minor improvement. The dry sliding wear experiments were carried out according to Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) methods. The results of the wear test showed an increase in the wear resistance of chemically modified SFREC relative to untreated SFREC. The best wear properties were demonstrated by alkali treated SFREC. It is also observed from the findings of ANOVA that the applied load and sliding distance have the most defining effect on wear volume loss of SFREC.

Effect of fiber surface treatment on the structure and properties of rigid bagasse fibers/polyurethane composite foams

AbstractBagasse fibers reinforced rigid polyurethane foams were successfully prepared by one‐step method. In order to improve the interfacial bonding strength between the filler and matrix, the bagasse fiber was modified by alkali treatment before incorporation into the foams. The surface roughness of the fiber increased after treatment and chemical bonding formed between the ‐OH groups on the fibers and the excess ‐NCO groups, which improved the interfacial interactions between the filler and matrix. With the increase of fiber content, the close cell ratio decreased, however, the thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane foams almost unchanged. The mechanical performance decreased with the increase of fiber content, but the specific strength and modulus exhibited different changing trends for the reinforcing effect of the fibers on the matrix. The dimensional stability of the foams was greatly enhanced with incorporation of bagasse fibers. When the bagasse fiber content reached 40 wt%, the dimensional stability was best, and the dimensional change rates in the three directions of length, width, and height were less than 1%. These composite foams with improved performance were in line with the current trend of green environmental protection and would possess wide applications in sound/heat insulation, industrial manufacturing, packaging industry, and hence forth.

Tensile creep behavior of short-carbon-fiber reinforced polyetherimide composites

Tensile creep behavior of short-carbon-fiber reinforced polyetherimide (SCF/PEI) composites is investigated at ambient temperature by short and long creep tests in this work. Influences of carbon fiber concentration and applied tensile stress on the creep performance of SCF/PEI composites are studied. Four viscoelastic models are employed to quantify the viscoelastic behavior of SCF/PEI composites and the effect of fiber surface treatment is discussed on the creep behavior. Short-term creep results show that a relatively high carbon fiber content and fiber surface thermal treatment lead to a relatively high creep resistance. In order to accelerate the short-term creep test, the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is employed to detect the long-term creep behavior of SCF/PEI composites at ambient temperature. In addition, an attempt has been made to generate a master curve to approximate the long-term creep behavior of the SCF/PEI composites at ambient temperature.

Sugarcane Bagasse Reinforced Polyester Composites: Effects of Fiber Surface Treatment And Fiber Loading on The Tensile And Flexural Properties

The effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber loading on the tensile and flexural properties of untreated and treated fiber-based sugarcane bagasse reinforced polyester (SBRP) composites have been investigated. Sugarcane bagasse fibers were alkalized with 1, 3 and 5% concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution combined with different fiber loading formulation 0, 20, 30 and 40 php, and hot-pressed to form natural fibers composite were prepared. The results indicated that the incorporation of bagasse fiber composites alkalized with 3% NaOH solution improved the tensile strength and modulus of reinforced composites meanwhile the untreated bagasse gave the lowest value. However, the elongation at break (Eb) indicated that treated bagasse fiber composites show a lower value compared to untreated composites. A similar trend also obtained for flexural strength and modulus.

Comparative study of the effect of fiber surface treatments on the flexural and interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber-reinforced composites

The aim of this study was to achieve enhanced flexure and interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber-reinforced composites by grafting MWCNTs and depositing PyC layer on the fiber using CVD technique. The surface morphology of fiber prior and after treatment was examined by FESEM and TEM and the composites fabricated with surface modified fiber were tested by three-point bend test for comparative flexure and interlaminar shear behavior. A remarkable improvement of 32 % and 54 % was observed in the flexure strength of composites made of CNTs grafted and PyC-coated fiber respectively as compared to reference composites whereas significant augmentation of 35 % and 53 % respectively was found in the ILSS of composites. In-depth fractographic investigation was conducted to investigate the mechanisms responsible for this enhancement in flexure strength and ILSS of composites. The mechanical test results were supported and validated by the fractographic analysis. Individual CNT pullout, CNTs bundle pullout and crack bridging by CNTs were evidently observed as dominant mechanisms of fracture in these composites in addition to conventional interface debonding and fiber pullout.