Effect Of Feed Deprivation Research Articles

Effect of Feed Deprivation on Biochemical Indices in Equids.

A comparative study was carried out to assess the effect of total feed deprivation on various biochemical indices in donkeys and mules, kept off feed continuously for ten days with free access to water. Blood samples were collected during the control period, feed deprivation and recovery period for different biochemical evaluations. All the animals in both the groups were observed to be calm and lethargic during deprivation with significant low water intake as compared to the pre-deprivation period. Feed deprivation resulted in almost total cloudiness of serum at the 7th and 8th days post feed deprivation in mules and donkeys, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities decreased significantly in both the groups, but changes were comparatively more pronounced in mules. Activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transferase as well as levels of potassium remained almost the same as the pre-fasting values in both the groups. Among metabolites, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, total serum protein, albumin and creatinine increased significantly in both the groups. Further both the species differed significantly in their albumin and direct bilirubin during the feed stress and recovery periods but LDH, cholesterol and bilirubin total differed even during the control period. Fasting did not seem to have any deleterious effect on major body organs and all the animals recovered by the 6th day of the recovery period. Donkeys were observed to be more adaptable than mules under feed stress conditions.

The effect of feed deprivation on gastrointestinal respiration and Na+, K+-ATPase in chicks

In order to investigate the effect of nutrient availability on energy metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chicks, two experiments were conducted. In exp. 1, jejunal slices from male White Leghorn chicks at 14 d were incubated in salt-based balanced medium (SBM) or complex medium (CM) for 30 min. The total O2 (TO2) and ouabain-sensitive O2 (OSO2) consumption in jejunal slices were significantly decreased in SBM. The results from exp. 1 imply that when the GIT mucosa is subjected to nutrient deprivation, the utilization of oxygen consumption is altered primarily by shifting active Na+ pump activity. Changes in the TO2, OSO2 and amiloride-sensitive O2 (ASO2) uptake in response to feed deprivation in the small intestine of male White Leghorn chicks were investigated in exp. 2. There was little change in TO2, OSO2 and ASO2 per unit of dry matter of the small intestine from birds subjected to fasting, except for a TO2 decrease in the jejunum of 48 h fasted chicks. However, there were significant reductions in TO2, OSO2 and ASO2 in the jejunum when data were expressed per unit DNA. Na+, K+-ATPase-dependent respiration represented 31–37% of TO2 in the avian jejunoileum. Amiloride-sensitive respiration accounted for 10–18% of TO2 in the jejunoileum. The maximal amount of 3Houabain binding sites of jejunal enterocytes was significantly decreased in chicks fasted for 48 h (P < 0.05). Key words: Oxygen consumption, fasting, Na+, K+-ATPase, ouabain, jejunum, ileum, chicks

Intestinal nutrient-gene interaction: the effect of feed deprivation and refeeding on cholecystokinin and proglucagon gene expression.

We tested the hypothesis that dietary components reaching the bovine small intestine influence the expression of genes that encode the gastrointestinal neuropeptides cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The amount of digesta reaching the intestine was manipulated during the experiment by withholding feed from five heifers fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas for 48 h and then subsequent refeeding. Duodenal and ileal biopsies were collected using a fiber-optic endoscope. A Northern hybridization procedure was used to evaluate changes in gene expression. Blood concentrations of CCK and GLP-1 were determined with RIA. The data indicate that CCK blood concentration and mRNA abundance decreased during the period of feed deprivation, but they returned to predeprivation values within 16 to 24 h of refeeding. The GLP-1 blood concentration also decreased during feed deprivation and returned to predeprivation values within 4 to 8 h of refeeding, despite the fact that proglucagon mRNA abundance did not change significantly during feed deprivation and refeeding. These findings provide evidence that CCK and GLP-1 are released in response to nutrients that reach the small intestine and may be involved in the physiological process of digestion and possibly play a role in regulating feed intake in ruminants.

Effect of Feed Deprivation on Some Biochemical Parameters of Anglo-Nubian and Baladi Goats and Their Crossbred Under Subtropical Conditions

Effect of Feed Deprivation on Some Biochemical Parameters of Anglo-Nubian and Baladi Goats and Their Crossbred Under Subtropical Conditions

Variability of serum bile acid concentrations over time in dairy cattle, and effect of feed deprivation on the variability

SUMMARY Twelve nonlactating dairy cows, free of signs of liver disease and with normal serum activities of liver-derived enzymes and normal liver biopsy tissue, were examined over a 72-hour period for serum total bile acid concentrations. The cattle were fed hay twice daily, and blood samples were obtained every hour for 24 hours, every other hour for 24 hours, then every hour for 24 hours. After 3 weeks, the study was repeated on 6 of the cattle, thus providing data for eighteen 72-hour periods. Serum bile acid concentration varied greatly over the 72 hours, with the range being from one third to 3 times the median. There were variations by as much as 60 μmol/L from 1 hour to the next. After another 3 weeks, 8 of the cattle were deprived of hay for 48 hours and then fed hay morning and afternoon of the third (last) day of the study. There was no significant reduction in bile acid concentration after withholding the hay, but the variability was reduced (P = 0.02) during the last 20 hours of the hay-deprivation period. In 3 ancillary studies, serum bile acid concentrations were examined over a 48-hour period in 2 cows in early lactation, 3 cows in midlactation, and two 6-month-old heifers. The cows were fed hay and grain twice daily, and the heifers were fed only hay twice daily. In comparison with values for the 12 nonlactating cows fed hay twice daily, mean serum bile acid concentration in the recently freshened cows was significantly (P < 0.002) higher (62.9 vs 22.0 μmol/L). The cows in midlactation had hourly fluctuations as great as 65 μmol/L. Values for the heifers varied less than values in older cattle.

Nutrient partitioning in rainbow trout at different feeding rates

Effects of feed deprivation (FR=0.0), underfeeding (FR=0.3% feed/day), moderately restricted feeding (FR=1.0) and adequate feeding (FR=2.0) on nutrient partitioning in 10-month-old rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied in a 6-week growth trial at a water temperature of 15°C. Each treatment was administered to triplicate groups of individually tagged rainbow trout initially weighing 0.32 kg. Average body weight gains and feed efficiencies were significantly ( P<0.05) affected by the different feeding rates. Increased feeding rates had little influence on body composition except percent carcass fat and visceral protein. Percent fat in liver, red muscle and white muscle increased significantly with increasing feeding rates. Plasma protein, insulin, glucagon, and glucagonlike peptides also increased significantly, while growth hormone decreased, but not significantly, with increasing feeding rates.

Effect of feed deprivation on hepatic membrane and lipoprotein fluidity and binding of lipoproteins to hepatic membranes in the chick ( Gallus domesticus)

1. 1. Male chicks were deprived of feed for 48 hr to study the effect of metabolics stress on hepatic membrane and lipoprotein fluidity and binding of radioiodinated lipoproteins to hepatic membranes. 2. 2. Plasma levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were markedly and slightly elevated, respectively. 3. 3. There was a reduction in lopoprotein and hepatic membrane fluidity. 4. 4. Binding of [ 125I]LDL, but not [ 125I]HDL, to hepatic membranes was decreased. 5. 5. It is suggested that a reduction in the fluidity of LDL and/or hepatic membranes impedes LDL catabolism in vivo

The effect of feed deprivation on behaviour of egg-layers in different environments

The effect of 48-h feed withdrawal on behaviour and egg-production was investigated in 2 flocks of White Leghorns housed on deep litter and on a sloped wire floor, respectively. Each flock consisted of 117 birds, and the density was 7 birds mmz. When the hens were 10 months old, the food was withdrawn for 48 h. Behaviour patterns were registered 2 days prior to, during and 2 days after, withdrawal of feed. The registration of behaviour was performed by a closed circuit television camera and viewer with video-tape recording. The registration included counting the number of hens in a standard area, the number of feeding and floor-pecking hens and the number of aggressive pecks and threats. The egg-production was recorded by collection and counting of eggs twice a day in 2 seven-day periods prior to feed withdrawal and in 4 seven-day periods after withdrawal. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test. The feed withdrawal had no significant effect on numbers of hens on litter in the standard area. The number of hens on wire in the standard area decreased during feed withdrawal and increased subsequent to withdrawal as compared to the period prior to withdrawal. The feeding activity almost ceased in both groups of hens in the withdrawal period, whereas the floor-pecking activity increased in this period. For all of the 3 periods, the hens on litter had high floor-pecking activity as compared to those on wire. The agonistic behaviour as expressed by aggressive pecks decreased in both groups of animals in the withdrawal period. Aggressive pecking was more pronounced in the hens on wire prior to feed withdrawal as compared to those on litter. No difference between groups was observed during and after feed withdrawal. The aggressive pecking of the hens on wire was significantly lower in the period after as compared to the period prior to feed withdrawal. The threatening activity showed a similar pattern. Egg-production in both groups of hens decreased subsequent to feed withdrawal, with the lowest production during the first week after withdrawal. In this week, the production for hens on wire was significantly lower than the production for hens on litter. For both groups, the production in the third and fourth week subsequent to feed withdrawal was about 90% of the production prior to withdrawal YOUNG DOMESTIC CHICKS AVOID EYE-LIKE SHAPES R.B. JONES A.R.C. Poultry Research Centre, West Mains Road, Edinburgh (Gt. Britain)

Thiol in Liver and Kidneys of Chickens: Effect of Injection of Three Mercury Compounds or Starvation ,

MILLER et al. (1959a, b, 1967) have investigated the retention of mercury by two strains of chicks, selected by Bearse et al. (1963) for resistance (R) and susceptibility (S) to avian leukosis. The R strain of chicks retained larger amounts of mercury in liver and kidneys than the S strain after dosing with several mercurials over a wide range. Mercury is usually believed to be attached to protein thiol groups in the animal body (Hughes, 1957). Therefore, the effect of injection of three mercurials on the liver and kidney thiol was investigated as a possible cause of the difference in retention observed. Also, starvation and protein depletion were found to increase the retention of mercury in both strains of chicks (Larkin et al., 1965). Therefore, the effect of feed deprivation or protein depletion on liver and kidney thiol was investigated. The differences in the normal thiol in the organs of…