Effects Of Ethanol Addition Research Articles

Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection Diesel engine running at different injection pressures

Ethanol is an alternative renewable fuel produced from different agricultural products. The ethanol–Diesel emulsion technique is one of the techniques to use ethanol in Diesel engines. The most important advantage of this technique is to be able to use ethanol without any modification in Diesel engines. In this study, the effects of ethanol addition (10% and 15% in volume) to Diesel No. 2 on the performance and emissions of a four stroke cycle, four cylinder turbocharged indirect injection Diesel engine having different fuel injection pressures (150, 200 and 250 bar) at full load were investigated. 1% isopropanol was added to the mixtures to satisfy homogeneity and prevent phase separation. Experimental results showed that the ethanol addition reduces CO, soot and SO 2 emissions, although it caused an increase in NO x emission and approximately 12.5% (for 10% ethanol addition) and 20% (for 15% ethanol addition) power reductions. It was also found that increasing the injection pressure of the engine running with ethanol–Diesel fuel decreased CO and smoke emissions, especially between 1500 and 2500 rpm, with respect to Diesel fuel, while it caused some reduction in power.

Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection Diesel engine running at different injection pressures

Abstract Ethanol is an alternative renewable fuel produced from different agricultural products. The ethanol–Diesel emulsion technique is one of the techniques to use ethanol in Diesel engines. The most important advantage of this technique is to be able to use ethanol without any modification in Diesel engines. In this study, the effects of ethanol addition (10% and 15% in volume) to Diesel No. 2 on the performance and emissions of a four stroke cycle, four cylinder turbocharged indirect injection Diesel engine having different fuel injection pressures (150, 200 and 250 bar) at full load were investigated. 1% isopropanol was added to the mixtures to satisfy homogeneity and prevent phase separation. Experimental results showed that the ethanol addition reduces CO, soot and SO2 emissions, although it caused an increase in NOx emission and approximately 12.5% (for 10% ethanol addition) and 20% (for 15% ethanol addition) power reductions. It was also found that increasing the injection pressure of the engine running with ethanol–Diesel fuel decreased CO and smoke emissions, especially between 1500 and 2500 rpm, with respect to Diesel fuel, while it caused some reduction in power.

Effects of ethanol addition on micellar solubilization and plume migration during surfactant enhanced recovery of tetrachloroethene

Alcohol addition has been suggested for use in combination with surfactant flushing to enhance solubilization kinetics and permit density control of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)-laden surfactant plumes. This study examined the effects of adding ethanol (EtOH) to a 4% Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) solution used to flush tetrachloroethene (PCE)-contaminated porous media. The influence of EtOH concentration, subsurface layering and scale on flushing solution delivery and PCE recovery was investigated through a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling studies. Results of batch experiments demonstrated that the addition of 2.5%, 5% and 10% (wt.) EtOH incrementally increased the PCE solubilization capacity and viscosity of the surfactant solution, while reducing solution density from 1.002 to 0.986 g/cm 3. Effluent concentration data obtained from one-dimensional (1-D) column experiments were used to characterize rate-limited micellar solubilization of residual PCE, which was strongly dependent upon flow velocity and weakly dependent upon EtOH concentration. Two-dimensional (2-D) box studies illustrated that minor differences (0.008 g/cm 3) between flushing and resident solution density can strongly influence surfactant front propagation. A two-dimensional multiphase simulator, MISER, was used to model the influence of EtOH composition on the aqueous flow field and PCE mass recovery. The ability of the numerical simulator to predict effluent concentrations and front propagation was demonstrated for both 1-D columns and 2-D boxes flushed with EtOH-amended Tween 80 solutions. Results of this study quantify the potential influence of alcohol addition on surfactant solution properties and solubilization capacity, and demonstrate the importance of considering small density variations in remedial design.