This study was conducted to find out the effect of ego resilience and self-esteem on career maturity of school dropout adolescents. In this study, the research question was set as follows. First, what is the relationship between ego resilience, self-esteem, and career maturity of adolescents who drop out of school? Second, how does the ego resilience and self-esteem of adolescents who drop out of school affect their career maturity? The subjects of this study were 326 adolescents who dropped out of school in G city and C city. Self-resilience scale, self-esteem scale, and career maturity scale were used as survey tools, and correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted as analysis methods. Looking at the results of this study, first, there was a significant correlation among ego resilience, self-esteem, and career maturity of school dropout adolescents. Second, it was found that the ego resilience and self-esteem of adolescents who dropped out of school had a significant effect on their career maturity. Through this study, implications and discussions on counseling and education for adolescents who dropped out of school were discussed.