Effect Of Eggshell Powder Research Articles

Effects of Eggshell Powder as a Coagulant on Gel Properties and Texture Structure of Citric-Acidified Tofu Gel

Effects of Eggshell Powder as a Coagulant on Gel Properties and Texture Structure of Citric-Acidified Tofu Gel

Effect of eggshell powder on the growth performance of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plant

Effect of eggshell powder on the growth performance of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plant

Effect of eggshell powder on polyvinyl ester composite: A statistical correlation on mechanical strength

AbstractThe present study focuses on day‐by‐day litter discarded cigarette filter fiber (CFF) reinforced polyvinyl ester (VE) composites developed by a compression molding process. Chicken eggshell powder (ESP) is used as a filler material in the matrix phase with different weight percentages (0%, 3%, and 5%). Multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) using Criteria Importance through Inter criteria Correlation (CRITIC) integrated TOmada de Decisao Interativa Multicriterio (TODIM) methodology was used to find the optimal condition for mechanical properties. CFF (50–60 wt%), fiber length (10–20 mm), and filler (0–5 wt%) are selected as process control factors with different levels. The CRITIC‐TODIM optimization results reveal that ESP filler has acted as the dominant parameter in fabricated composites in amplifying the tensile, impact, and flexural properties. The integrated approach reveals that CFF 60 wt%, fiber length 20 mm with ESP 3 wt% combination have the optimal mechanical characteristics. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis indicates that composite developed at optimal conditions exhibits better thermal stability when compared with null ESP filler composite.

Synergistic effects of egg shell powder and halloysite clay nanotubes on the thermal and mechanical properties of abacá/polypropylene composites

The present study investigates the synergistic effects of halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) and eggshell powder (ESP) derived from bio-waste on the thermomechanical properties of composites consisting of natural abacá fiber (AF) and polypropylene (PP). First, nine composite sheets of AF/PP incorporating varying loadings of HNTs and ESP (0–6 wt%) were fabricated. The effects of HNTs and ESP on the fracture surfaces of the AF/PP composite using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were examined. Subsequently, various experimental tests on the composite samples, including bending tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and cone calorimeter tests (CCT) were conducted. The results of the bending tests revealed a considerable improvement in the flexural properties of the samples containing HNTs. Specifically, the maximum flexural stress and flexural modulus of the composite containing 6 wt% HNT (H6E0) exhibited approximately 40% and 84% higher values, respectively, compared to the pure AF/PP composite (H0E0). Conversely, the incorporation of ESP had a detrimental effect on the flexural properties of the composites. Additionally, DSC analysis showed an improvement in the thermal behavior of the composite samples upon adding both ESP and HNTs. The results also revealed that while both HNT and ESP had positive effects on the melting temperature (Tm), the impact of ESP was more pronounced. Specifically, the experimental data indicated improvements of 0.9% and 2% in the Tm for the 6 wt% ESP-loaded composite (H0E6) and 6 wt% HNT/6 wt% ESP-loaded composite (H6E6) samples, respectively. Moreover, the CCT results showed that the composite sample containing 3 wt% HNT and 6 wt% ESP exhibited superior flame-retardant performance, indicating significantly improved flammability behavior of the AF/PP composites.

Effect of eggshell powder on the microstructural and thermal behavior of Al7075/waste eggshell surface composites produced by solid-state friction stir processing developed for potential thermal applications

Lightweight composite materials for potential thermal applications are the contemporary demand for manufacturing and aircraft industries where the possibility to improve and tailor the desired properties is based on the application. Carbonized eggshell powder is a solid lubricant with absorbent capability and has proven as a reinforcement for metallic base composites. In the present work, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of carbonized chicken eggshell powder (3 to 9% by weight) on the microstructural and thermal properties of Al7075 alloy processed by solid-state friction stir processing. An infrared thermography and three K-type thermocouples equipped with the base plate at three equal distances are used to measure the temperature with respect to time. The comparative study of microstructure and grain structure analysis has been done by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction methods. The findings explored the dynamic recrystallization and grain recovery with a reduced grain size of 6.2 to 10.3 µm at a varying percentage of eggshell powder (3 to 9%) in the stir zone. The thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were measured for the temperature range of 50 to 400 °C. In addition to it, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and derivative thermo-gravimetric analysis (DTG) are conducted for the temperature range of 25 to 900 °C to discuss the endothermic, exothermic nature, and degradation characteristics. The result revealed the decreasing trend of thermal conductivity, and CTE values were found in the range of 97 to 53 W/mK and 26.6 to 24 × 10−6 K−1 (heating cycle), 27.2 to 23.8 × 10−6 K−1(cooling cycle), respectively. Furthermore, the higher and lower thermal conductivity of 108 W/mK and 62 W/mK is observed at higher and lower terminal voltages, 250 V and 100 V, respectively. The DTA, TGA, and DTG curves explored the maximum weight loss, which varies up to 5.25% with exothermic peaks and decomposition steps for each surface composite.

A review on addition of egg shell powder to CSEB blocks

Dry stack masonry units known as “Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks” (CSEB) are constructed using dirt and often stabilised with cement. It is also known as a pressed earth block or a compressed soil block. The rise of a movement against environment today has awakened us to adapt to and incorporate practices that are pro-earth. Construction using CSEBs are one of the many ways we can reduce negative impact on earth. It is essential to use sustainable building materials in place of cement since cement-concrete buildings use roughly half of the energy produced and are responsible for significant CO2 emissions. Similarly addition of Egg Shell Powder (ESP) to CSEB blocks can provide binding properties to the block as it is rich in calcium (CaCo3), partial replacement of Egg Shell Powder (ESP) to cement can be effective in reducing environmental pollution.The experimental investigation are carried out to study the effect of Egg Shell Powder in Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks by partial replacement with cement.It also provides structural strength and are biodegradable, sound proof and resistance to fire and pests.To introduce a concrete by adding egg shell powder with different levels of percentages. “To perform and compare the compression strength of CSEB blocks with and without replacement of cement. Egg shell powder possesses similar properties to that of cement”.

Effect of Eggshell Powder and Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Bleached Enamel.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the remineralizing potential of prepared solutions of eggshell powder (ESP) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) on the surface roughness and microhardness of bleached enamel. Fifty bovine anterior teeth were selected and cleaned then bleached using a chemically activated in-office bleaching agent then the teeth were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 10) according to the tested remineralizing agents (10% ESP solution, 10% nHA solution, and MI Paste Plus) into; control, bleached, bleached + ESP solution, bleached + nHA solution, and bleached + MI Paste Plus groups. Then, the teeth were tested for surface roughness and microhardness of the bleached enamel, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the surface roughness and microhardness values of the tested groups. The highest surface roughness mean value was found in bleached enamel group, while the least mean value was found in the control group. The highest mean microhardness value was found in the bleached enamel + ESP solution group, while the least mean value was found in the bleached enamel group. The application of the tested remineralizing agents following the bleaching procedure had improved the surface roughness and microhardness of the bleached enamel. ESP and nHA present promising and potent remineralizing agents.

The EFFECT OF CHICKEN EGG SHELL POWDER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LEAF ONION (ALLIUM FISTULOSUM)

Rejang Lebong has local commodities, one of which is green onion, because the topographic and geographical conditions of Rejang Lebong are suitable for the growth of leeks. The leek plants produced in the Rejang Lebong area are diverse, where there are leek plants that have a soft stem texture. In the cultivation of leeks, most of the farmers in Rejang Lebong still use inorganic fertilizers to support their agricultural production, this situation if carried out in the long term can have a negative impact on the surrounding environment, especially on agricultural land. Rejang Lebong is a developing city that has many home industries such as the cake industry, restaurants, bakeries, noodle stalls and egg martabak that use eggs as raw materials, so there is a lot of egg shell waste that is not utilized and just thrown away and has an impact on the environment. environmental pollution such as bad smell. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of broiler eggshell powder on the growth and yield of leek (Allium fistulosum), and what dose was effective for wet weight of leek (Allium fistulosum). This research is a field experiment research using a completely randomized design with 1 factor and 7 treatments, 3 replications, data analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that there was an effect of egg shell powder on the growth and yield of leek (Allium fistulosum) and the effective dose for growth and yield of leek (Allium fistulosum) was P6 (55 grams).

Effect of eggshell powder on structural and durability properties of high strength green concrete for sustainability: A critical review

The recycling of solid wastes is an important goal for sustainability in order to preserve natural resources for future generations. The construction industry is the prime sector for consuming the highest amount of natural resources. Eggshell powder (ESP) is a bio-waste product and also a potential material for replacing cement while making green concrete. This eliminates the impact of disposal of eggshells in landfill on the environment. Eggshell powder is rich in calcium oxide content and ignites the researcher to substitute for cement in concrete production. This review report presents the suitability of ESP in high strength concrete with respect to the structural and durability performance observed from research findings. Based on the evidence collected from numerous research publications, it may be concluded that 8–10% replacement of cement is possible without compromising the mechanical strength and structural performance and it increases the hydration process during the early periods. However, the ESP had shown a negative impact on durability properties, particularly in the chemical environment, and needs further investigations in this regard. The results obtained from various sources are reviewed and highlighted in this paper.

Effect of Eggshell Powder Using for an Extender on the Mechanical and Thermal Behaviors of Polylactic Acid Composites

In this paper, the composites between polylactic acid (PLA) and eggshell powder (ESP) from the chicken shell were prepared by melt blending method in the internal mixer and then injection molded to produce the bio-composite specimen. The effect of the ESP concentration in the composites was investigated on the mechanical and thermal behaviors. The results indicated that the tensile strength and elongation decreased with increased ESP loading. Furthermore, the impact strength was not altered for PLA filled system with 10-30% of ESP. At the 10%wt of ESP in the PLA-composites was not significantly different of the onset (Tonset) and maximum degradation temperature (Td) from neat PLA but at higher ESP loading, Tonset and Td tend to decrease, therefore ESP could be able to accelerate degradation in the composites. The cold crystallization (Tcc) showed decreasing when the ESP was incorporate about 10-30 %wt. Otherwise, the incorporation of ESP affected on the declination of crystallinity in the PLA composites. The morphology, size and elements were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray system (EDX). It was indicated that agglomeration of ESP in the PLA matrix.

Immobilization of nitrifying bacteria on composite based on polymers and eggshells for nitrate production

Nitrification is a key step in biological nitrogen transformation which depends on the performance of specialized microorganisms. Generally, nitrifying bacteria present a low growth rate and performance which can be improved when immobilized as a biofilm. The development of new materials suitable for the immobilization of nitrifying microorganisms is very important in nitrification and wastewater treatment. In this study, the effect of eggshell powder on biofilm formation by Nitrosomonas europaea an ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and Nitrobacter vulgaris a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, on new polymeric supports were analyzed. Polylactic acid, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene were tested to produce polymer-eggshells powder composites and used as biofilm supports for nitrifying bacteria. The support material was characterized to identify the most suitable polymer-eggshells powder combination for the cell adhesion and biofilm formation. The nitrification results showed a highest nitrate production of 42mg NO3--N/L with polylactic acid-eggshell composite, with the best surface properties for cellular adhesion. Finally, scanning electron microscopy micrographs confirmed the best biofilm formed on polylactic acid-eggshell.

A review on the effect of eggshell powder on engineering properties of expansive soil

Objectives: To find the optimal percentage of eggshell powder which when mixed with expansive soil results in effective foundations for buildings. Methods: In this study, samples from Katreni Kona near Amalapuram, East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh in the southern part of India was selected to collect the expansive soil which was open excavated at 2.0 m depth beneath the surface of the ground for the study. Eggshell powder (ESP) mixed with expansive soil in different percentages of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by dry weight was considered for evaluation. The treated and untreated samples were subjected to Compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) (soaked and unsoaked) and Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. Findings: The clay content was reduced with an increase in density and liquid limit, subsequently the plastic limit was reduced with the increase of UCS by adding the eggshell powder to the soil. The optimal dried density of the soil was increased from 14.42 kN/m3, 14.59 kN/m3, 14.71 kN/m3, 14.88 kN/m3 and 14.81 kN/m3,and optimum moisture content was decreased from 28.24 %, 26.42%, 26.09%, 24.48% and 23.02% respectively when 0% to 20% of eggshell powder was mixed with soil. The CBR values were increased until 15% ESP at which the maximum value was attained, and further addition decreased the CBR. Novelty: The engineering nature of expansive soil is extremely enriched with ESP stabilization. The optimum percentage of ESP was 15% when compared with other percentages that were assessed in this investigation. The solidity of soil increased with a reduced number of voids that connect the soil cells, and consistency boundaries of the land were reduced by using ESP. The CBR value with a percentage increase of ESP indicated that the soil is more suitable for foundation. Keywords: Eggshell powder; Differential Free Swell (DFS); expansive soil; CBR; UCS; stabilization; compaction

Effect of egg shell powder on the mechanical and microstructure properties of AA 2024 metal matrix composite

Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC) has gained enormous attention in the field of material science. In the current study eggshell powder has been used as a reinforcement and Aluminum Alloy (AA) 2024 as the matrix to obtain a AMMC. The use of naturally available resources as reinforcement is being explored to reduce the cost of composites. 7%, 10%, 13% wt percentage of egg shell powder was used to fabricate three different composites. Mechanical characteristics like Tensile strength, hardness, compression strength have been evaluated. The FESEM analysis was also carried out to examine the distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix. The obtained micrograph was correlated with mechanical properties achieved.

Use of eggshell powder as a potential hydrolytic retardant for citric acid-filled thermoplastic starch

In this study, the effects of eggshell powder and citric acid on the properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS) were investigated. All components were melt-blended using an internal mixer. Citric acid led to the formation of crosslinking structures (as shown in the FTIR spectra at 1730 cm−1) and caused rapid sample biodegradation with accelerated hydrolysis. Conversely, addition of eggshell powder retarded the biodegradation. After storing the samples for 30 days, CaTPS (Cassava root TPS) without eggshell powder showed erosion over almost the entire surface, while the surface of CaTPS containing 20 phr of eggshell powder (CaTPSES20) remained unchanged. The residual TGA weight at 400 °C and the change in carbonate FTIR intensity peak of CaTPSES20 after the storage period provided both quantitative and qualitative evidence that eggshell powder can be considered a potential hydrolytic retardant for citric-acid-filled TPS.

The Effect of Eggshell Powder as an Accelerator for Blended Cement Concrete

Blended concrete has later strength development with long maturity strength development. An accelerator is thus needed to enhance the early strength development of concrete. This paper shows the combination of ground palm oil fuel ash and eggshell powder that was designed for later and early strength development, respectively. Two types of eggshell powder were utilised in concrete: uncarbonised eggshell powder and decarbonised eggshell powder. The study was initiated with compression test for concrete curing at age 1, 3, 7, and 28 days followed by rapid evaluation test of setting time to investigate the preliminary performance between materials. The results revealed decarbonised eggshell powder as a high accelerator that can improve the early age of concrete strength development. Meanwhile, despite showing the best performance, uncarbonised eggshell powder is a very low accelerator thus not fit the purpose. In conclusion, the combination of ground palm oil fuel ash (rich with silica oxide) and decarbonised eggshell powder (rich with calcium oxide) provided dual function, where ground palm oil fuel ash and decarbonised eggshell powder took later and early strength development, respectively. The combination between silica oxide and calcium oxide in cementitious materials has potential to be utilised to enhance the early age of a blended concrete strength development.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EXPANSIVE SOIL IN CONJUNCTION WITH EGG SHELL POWDER AND ROCK DUST

Expansive soils are problematic due to the presence and consequent effect of their clay mineral constituents, which makes them show the volume change characteristics. The expansive and shrinkage behavior makes expansive soils unsuitable for direct engineering application in their natural form. In an effort to make them more practicable for different engineering applications, various additives and techniques are employed to improve the soil properties. Stabilization of soil with lime, cement, bitumen are expensive and therefore they are in need of an economic replacement. Further, replacement of expansive soils with good quality soil is quite uneconomical. The present investigation considers the effect of Egg Shell Powder (ESP) on expansive soil. The ESP Eggshell is a desecrate material from domestic sources such as poultries, hatcheries, homes and fast food hotels. Proper utilization of the ESP in conjunction with soil, if proved effective, could mitigate environmental pollution to larger extent. The Rock Dust (RD) which is being thought of as alternative to sand in the construction field, has been used, in proportion of 10-30%, in combination with optimum content of ESP for deriving maximum advantage of improving the engineering characteristics of soil. The sample of expansive clay has been extracted from Emani village of Duggirala Mandal of Tenali revenue division of Andhra Pradesh. The laboratory tests were conducted to find out the effect of these additives on consistency limits, compaction properties and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) at soaked condition. The purpose of the study is essentially to suggest the optimum combination to practicing engineers for use in various reengineering applications

Effect of Egg Shell Powder on Strength Behaviour of Concrete

The study of strength behaviour of M20 grade concrete, by exchanging the cement partly by powder of egg shell, for which an experimental tests were carried out and the effect of egg shell powder (0%,5%.10%,15%) on compressive strength characteristics were studied. The result of this present investigation shows that the replacement of 5% of cement with egg shell powder attains the maximum compressive strength. The best and economical percentage exchange of replacement of powder of egg shell (ESP) with cement is about 5% and also reduces the cost of concrete with the use of powder of egg shell, which is available freely as raw material and then it is grinded well to make powder. The egg shell is available from municipal solid waste and is mixed in powder form in concrete by exchanging the cement and is found that 5% replacement is very effective in the improvement of strength properties when compared to the conventional concrete. Also the exchangement of 5% ESP in cement gives higher split tensile strength as compared to other cement ingredient mixtures. In this study, it is fixed that 0.45 is the w/c ratio and it produces medium degree of workability which is suitable for most of the concrete mixtures on site. The addition of eggshell powder as filler in concrete has improved the strength of concrete and also improved and better split tensile strength.

Effect of Eggshell Powder on the Hydration of Cement Paste.

Eggshells are one of the solid wastes in the world and are considered hazardous according to European Commission regulations. The utilization of solid wastes, like eggshells, will help create a sustainable environment by minimizing the solid wastes that are disposed into the environment. The utilization of eggshell powder in cement also helps to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from cement factories by reducing clinker production. In this study, the effect of eggshell powder on the hydration of cement products was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pastes were made with 10% and 20% eggshell powder and examined for 1, 14, and 28 days of hydration. The addition of eggshell powder transformed ettringite to monosulfoaluminate and to monocarboaluminate. In 20% eggshell powder, the formation of monocarboaluminate was detected in the early stages and accelerated the hydration reaction. The CaCO3 from the eggshells reacted with the C3A and changed the hydration products of the pastes. The addition of eggshell powder provided nucleation sites in the hydration products and accelerated cement hydration.

Remineralization Effect of Eggshell Powder on Post-orthodontic White Spot Lesions Compared to CPP-ACP

Remineralization Effect of Eggshell Powder on Post-orthodontic White Spot Lesions Compared to CPP-ACP

The inhibitive study of egg shell powder on uns n08904 austenitic stainless steel corrosion in chloride solution

The effect of egg shell powder (ES) as an environmental friendly inhibitor was studied for its corrosion inhibitive tendency on N08904 austenitic stainless steel in simulated saline (3.5% NaCl) solution using potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss, and SEM/EDX at room temperature. The experimental data explained the effective performance of ES with values of 57%–100% inhibition efficiency, at 2 g–10 g inhibitor concentration from weight loss tests due to the inhibition of stainless steel. The electrochemical action was as a result of the ionized particles which inhibit the compound influencing the redox reaction mechanism causing surface corrosion. ES's best performance was achieved when 6 g of the inhibitor concentration was added to the saline medium. Corrosion rate value decreased progressively with the presence of inhibitor because of anions adsorption at the interface of the metal film. Corrosion potential (Ecorr) value was found to decrease from −0.3991 V to −0.3447 V in the presence of inhibitor at 2 g concentration, decreasing gradually to −0.2048 at 6 g inhibitor concentration. The compounds identified in the ES completely adsorbed onto the surface of stainless steel as observed from the EDX analysis. The ES adsorption on stainless steel surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A corroded morphology with pits was observed in the SEM results without ES which contrast the images obtained with the presence of ES.