Effect Of Early Enteral Nutrition Research Articles

Effects of early enteral nutrition in patients with severe burns: A systematic review.

Nutritional problems in the early stages of severe burns are prominent and seriously affect the clinical outcomes of patients. Our aim is to analyze the effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients with severe burns. In this study, relevant articles were searched in 8 English and Chinese data, with a time limit from the creation of the database to June 2023. Two researchers independently completed the search, screening and quality assessment of the articles. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that examined EEN therapy in people with severe burns. We compared the effects of EEN and non-EEN therapy in severely burned patients. The outcomes were mortality, gastrointestinal complications, nutritional indicators, gastrointestinal hormones, sepsis, length of hospital stay and wound healing time. Categorical variables were expressed as OR and 95% CI was calculated, and continuous variables were expressed as MD and 95% CI was calculated. The protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO on May 12, 2023 (identifier CRD42023422895). Nineteen studies with a total of 1066 participants met the inclusion criteria. When comparing EEN therapy with non-EEN therapy, the experiment group had significantly lower mortality [OR = 0.39, 95% CI (0.20, 0.74), P = .004], lower wound healing time [MD = -10.77, 95% CI (-13.66,-7.88), P < .00001], fewer gastrointestinal complications [OR = 0.18, 95% CI (0.09, 0.36), P < .00001], lower rates of gastrointestinal hemorrhage [OR = 0.12, 95% CI (0.04, 0.36), P = .0001], lower rates of sepsis [OR = 0.40, 95% CI (0.24, 0.66), P = .0005], shorter length of hospital stay [MD = -12.08, 95% CI (-13.61, 9.19-10.56), P < .00001], and higher prealbumin levels [MD = 29.04, 95% CI (21.98, 36.10), P < .00001], higher total albumin levels [MD = 6.74, 95% CI (4.29, 9.19), P < .00001], and gastrin levels [MD = 15.93, 95% CI (10.12, 21.73), P < .00001]. However, there was no significant difference in albumin between the 2 groups [MD = 2.62, 95% CI (-0.30, 5.55), P = .08] or motilin levels [MD = 12.48, 95% CI (-43.59, 68.56), P = .66]. EEN plays an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with severe burns. EEN is beneficial to reduce complications and the length of hospital stay, maintain organ function, optimize the nutritional status of patients, promote wound healing, and improve the survival rate of patients.

Effects of Early Enteral Nutrition on Nutritional Status and Immune Function in Colon Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy

This study aimed to assess the effects of early enteral nutrition on nutritional status as well as immune function in colon cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A cohort of 120 patients, admitted between January 2021 and December 2022, was selected, and divided into two groups using a double-blind random sampling approach. The control group (n = 60) received early parenteral nutrition, while the study group (n = 60) was administered an early enteral nutrition suspension. Both groups underwent conventional chemotherapy. Post-intervention analysis revealed that serum levels of hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, immunoglobulin A, G, and M were significantly enhanced in the study group compared to the control group. Conversely, serum levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α were reduced. Furthermore, quality of life scores improved in both groups post-intervention, with the study group demonstrating a more pronounced improvement. The study group also exhibited a lower incidence of adverse reactions. In conclusion, early enteral nutrition support in colon cancer patients receiving chemotherapy significantly promoted their nutritional and immune status, reduced the incidence of adverse reactions, and consequently improved their quality of life.

Effect of early enteral nutrition on short-term outcomes and survival in patients in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit: An inverse probability weighted retrospective study

ObjectivesThe merits of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU) remain unclear. This retrospective study aimed to address this issue. MethodsWe analyzed data from the MIMIC IV v2.0 database, including patients with a CTICU stay of ≥4 d. Patients were divided into early and delayed enteral nutrition (EN) groups. Differences in baseline data were corrected using an inverse probability weighting (IPW) approach. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to compare trends over time between groups, and survival effects were evaluated with weighted logistic and Cox regression, supplemented by weighted Kaplan–Meier curves. Subgroup analysis facilitated the exploration of potential interactions. ResultsThe study included 720 CTICU patients. Following IPW, all baseline variables were balanced. EEN led to shorter hospital and CTICU stays, lower incidence of respiratory and blood infections, and reduced total insulin usage in the first week of CTICU admission, albeit with an increased total gastric residual volume. Mortality risk between the groups did not significantly differ at 28 d or at 1 y. Excessive early energy and protein intake elevated the risk of 28-d mortality, but the relationship may not be linear. Overweight patients or those with fewer comorbidities had a higher mortality risk with EEN. ConclusionsEEN may improve short-term outcomes in CTICU patients without a clear survival benefit. Early high caloric and protein intake could lead to adverse outcomes, suggesting a careful evaluation for initiating EN in specific patients.

Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition on Graft Loss After Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

This study aimed to elucidate the effect of early enteral nutrition on graft loss within 12 h after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using propensity score-matching analysis and subsequently examine the risk factors for graft loss after LDLT. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 467 LDLT patients who were assigned to the early and non-early groups based on the optimal cutoff value of 12 h for the starting time of early enteral nutrition after LDLT to predict graft loss. The 1-year graft survival rate of the early group before propensity score-matching was 92.1%, whereas the 1-year graft survival rate of the non-early group was 86.2%. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P=.067). The incidences of early allograft dysfunction (EAD), small-for-size graft (SFSG) syndrome, acute cellular rejection (ACR), and sepsis were not statistically different between the 2 groups (P=.12, .91, .46, and .056, respectively). After propensity score-matching, the 1-year graft survival rate of the early group was 94.4%, whereas the 1-year graft survival rate of the non-early group was 85.4% (P=.034). The incidences of EAD, SFSG syndrome, and ACR were not statistically different between the 2 groups (P=.43, .81, and .24, respectively). However, the incidence of sepsis was statistically different between the 2 groups (non-early: 10.7% vs early: 3.6%, P=.038). Early enteral nutrition within 12 h after LDLT may contribute to better graft survival in LDLT patients by preventing sepsis.

Effects of early enteral nutrition on pancreatic fistula and long-term prognosis after distal pancreatectomy or enucleation of pancreatic tumours in a major academic university hospital in China: protocol for a single-centre randomised controlled trial

IntroductionPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains one of the main complications following pancreatic resection. Despite pancreatic fistula having a low postoperative mortality rate, the readmission and intervention rates in patients with...

Early vs delayed enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of randomized trials

We conducted an umbrella review to summarize the existing evidence on the effect of early enteral nutrition (EEN) compared with other approaches, including delayed enteral nutrition (DEN), parenteral nutrition (PN), and oral feeding (OF) on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. We performed a systematic search up to December 2021, in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science. We included systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMAs) of randomized trials investigating EEN compared with DEN, PN, or OF for any clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. We used "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews" (AMSTAR2) and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for assessing the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and their included trial, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation" (GRADE) approach. We included 45 eligible SRMAs contributing with a total of 103 randomized controlled trials. The overall meta-analyses showed that patients who received EEN had statistically significant beneficial effects on most outcomes compared with any control (ie, DEN, PN, or OF), including mortality, sepsis, overall complications, infection complications, multiorgan failure, anastomotic leakage, length of hospital stay, time to flatus, and serum albumin levels. No statistically significant beneficial effects were found for risk of pneumonia, noninfectious complications, vomiting, wound infection, as well as number of days of ventilation, intensive care unit days, serum protein, and pre-serum albumin levels. Our results indicate that EEN may be preferred over DEN, PN, and OF because of the beneficial effects on many clinical outcomes.

Nutritional support for patients with abdominal surgical pathology: the view of a surgeon and an anesthesiologist — opponents or allies?

BACKGROUND: Nutritional support in abdominal surgery is a complex aspect of intensive care with many contradictions in available recommendations and in relation to interdisciplinary interaction. The challenges of assessing nutritional status and timing of the start and methods of clinical nutrition have not yet been resolved. Research has not yet explained whom and how to feed in the intensive care unit, nor has it proved the need for an early start of enteral nutrition or assessed the scale of the problems, such as the lack of uniform views and low adherence to clinical recommendations.&#x0D; AIM: To analyze the effectiveness of early enteral nutrition in achieving optimal treatment results in patients with abdominal surgical pathology and assess the depth of knowledge and adherence to clinical recommendations of specialists providing care to this cohort.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 50 patients, 32 of whom started early enteral nutrition and 18 received later enteral nutrition. A survey of 41 specialists (surgeons and intensivists) from three leading hospitals in Tyumen was also conducted. The main set of clinical material was conducted on the basis of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Tyumen).&#x0D; RESULTS: The study demonstrated the advantages of early enteral nutrition over delayed nutrition by an average of 48 h by reducing the length of hospital stay and resuscitation stage of treatment and minimizing pulmonary complications. Moreover, a survey of specialists assisting this cohort showed a lack of consensus in treatment approaches and insufficient adherence of patients with abdominal surgical pathology to existing clinical recommendations on clinical nutrition.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Further research on nutritional support in patients with abdominal surgical pathology should aim at reducing the decision-making time in favor of an earlier and combined method of nutritional support, which can be facilitated by enhancing literacy and promoting adherence to clinical recommendations of specialists at the interdisciplinary level.

Retracted: Exploration of the Curative Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition Nursing on Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis and the Improvement of Patients' Mental Health and Inflammation Level.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/8784905.].

The Impact of Early Enteral Nutrition on Post-operative Hospital Stay and Complications in Infants Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: The congenital cardiac diseases (CHDs) are the leading cause of death in children. The CHDs detection and management have greatly improved over the past few decades. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on postoperative outcomes in infants undergoing congenital cardiac surgery. Methods: Electronic databases PubMed, Clinical Key, UpToDate, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published in the English language, between 2004 and 2021. This review carried out based on PRISMA statement and studies qualities assessed using "Downs and Black score". Hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mechanical ventilation support, aortic cross clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass were as primary outcomes. Similarly infections, vomiting and mortality were as secondary outcomes of included studies. Results: This review consists of 887 infants from 10 studies. Of these, 470 infants were assigned to the intervention group and 417 to the control group. The post-operative hospital stay shorted in the EEN group than the control group (SMD=-0.63, 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.22, P=0.0, I2=87%). Similarly, EEN group lessen the ICU stay (SMD=-0.15, 95% CI: -0.42, 0.11, P=0.0, I2=71%), mechanical ventilation support (SMD=-0.31, 95% CI: -0.51, -08, P=0.08, I2=47%), aortic cross clamping (SMD=-0.92, 95% CI: -0.31, 2.4, P=0.00, I2=96%), and cardiopulmonary bypass (SMD=-0.0, 95% CI: -0.42 to 43, P=0.00, I2=71%). Secondary postoperative complications such as infections (RR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.43 to 1.08, P=0.40, I2=3%). vomiting (RR=1.47, 95% CI: 0.80 to 2.69, P=0.90, I2=0%) and postoperative mortality (RR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.03 to 5.82, P=0.00: I2=80%) significantly reduced. Conclusion: Postoperative outcomes were improved in the intervention group compared to the control group, including shorter hospital stays, ICU stays, mechanical ventilation, and less postoperative complications.

Nutrition management and pancreatitis in children: new insights.

Early initiation of feeds is safe and possible in mild to moderate pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) and is not associated with increased pain or increased serum lipase level. Enteral nutrition within 48 h of admission compared to no feeds within 48 h (NPO) is associated with a significant reduction in length of stay, reduced progression to severe acute pancreatitis, decreased ICU transfers, and increased weight gain at follow-up. Early standard fat meals did not worsen pain or serum lipase levels in children with mild to moderate AP. Nutrition is essential in the management of AP in children. Diet before, during, and after an attack of AP can affect outcomes. Here, we highlight recent advances that have been made in the last decade on nutritional interventions in pediatric acute pancreatitis and provide future directions for research. Early enteral nutrition is safe and feasible in pediatric mild to moderate AP and is associated with improved outcomes. There are only a handful of studies on nutritional interventions in pediatric mild to moderate AP. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of early enteral nutrition in pediatric severe AP.

Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition on Traumatic Brain Injury and Complications

Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition on Traumatic Brain Injury and Complications

The Effects of Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 could have impaired nutrient absorption due to disruption of the normal intestinal mucosa. They are often in a state of high inflammation, increased stress and catabolism as well as a significant increase in energy and protein requirements. Therefore, timely enteral nutrition support and the provision of optimal nutrients are essential in preventing malnutrition in these patients. Aim: This review aims to evaluate the effects of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-Analysis framework and PICO. Searches were conducted in databases, including EMBASE, Health Research databases and Google Scholar. Searches were conducted from database inception until 3 February 2022. The reference lists of articles were also searched for relevant articles. Results: Seven articles were included in the systematic review, and four articles were included in the meta-analysis. Two distinct areas were identified from the results of the systematic review and meta-analysis: the impact of enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal intolerance associated with enteral nutrition. The impact of enteral nutrition was further sub-divided into early enteral nutrition versus delayed enteral nutrition and enteral nutrition versus parenteral nutrition. The results of the meta-analysis of the effects of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with COVID-19 showed that, overall, enteral nutrition was effective in significantly reducing the risk of mortality in these patients compared with the control with a risk ratio of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79, 0.99, p = 0.04). Following sub-group analysis, the early enteral nutrition group also showed a significant reduction in the risk of mortality with a risk ratio of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79, 1.00, p = 0.05). The Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) of mortality in patients with COVID-19 by early enteral nutrition was 11%. There was a significant reduction in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in the early enteral nutrition group compared with the delayed enteral nutrition group. There was no significant difference between enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition in relation to mortality (RR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.59, 1.28, p = 0.48). Concerning the length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay and days on mechanical ventilation, while there were reductions in the number of days in the enteral nutrition group compared to the control (delayed enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition), the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that early enteral nutrition significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the risk of mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19. However, early enteral nutrition or enteral nutrition did not significantly (p > 0.05) reduce the length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay and days on mechanical ventilation compared to delayed enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition. More studies are needed to examine the effect of early enteral nutrition in patients with COVID-19.

Immediate enteral nutrition can accelerate recovery and be safe in mild acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ObjectivesThe effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) has been confirmed. In recent years, some researchers provided new strategy that immediate EN was offered after admission. The effect and safety of immediate EN was unclear because of the different results among studies. The study aimed to implement the meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to confirm the effect and safety between the immediate EN group and the early refeeding group. MethodsFour electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) were searched from inception to July 2021. Endnote X7.0 software was used to manage all the relevant citations. Then data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias for included studies were performed after initial selection and full-text selection. All statistical analyses were performed by Review Manager 5.3 version software. Results5 randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving 372 patients were included in the present study. The meta analysis revealed that immediate EN after admission in patients with AP could significantly decrease the length of hospital stay (LOHS) (Mean difference [MD] = 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41–4.72) and the intolerance of feeding (risk ratio [RR] = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.63–0.95), compared with early refeeding. But immediate EN couldn't significantly decrease the incidence of readmission after discharging (RR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.12–2.27), the incidence of progression to severe pancreatitis (RR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.15–3.76), the incidence of complications (RR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.50–2.49) and the values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte counts (MD = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.15–2.26 and MD = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.59–0.80), compared with early refeeding. ConclusionsCompared with early refeeding, immediate EN after admission could safely reduce LOHS and intolerance of feeding in patients with AP.

Efficacy of early enteral nutrition versus total parenteral nutrition for patients with gastric cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to synthesise available data and evaluate the clinical evidence regarding the effect of early enteral nutrition versus total parenteral nutrition on nutritional status and blood glucose in patients with gastric cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus after gastrectomy. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed, conducted and reported following the PRISMA guideline. We performed searches in PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database. The study designs were randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised controlled trials, and controlled clinical trials. The trials compared early enteral nutrition (experimental group) with total parenteral nutrition (control group) in patients with gastric cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus after gastrectomy. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A total of 19 trials (1255 patients) were included. Meta-analysis showed a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (days; mean difference-5.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-6.28, -3.86], p < 0.00001) and a lower post-operative complications rate (%; odds ratio0.29, 95% CI [0.16, 0.50], p < 0.0001) in the early enteral nutrition group than in the total parenteral nutrition group. Compared with the total parenteral nutrition group, the early enteral nutrition group had lower blood glucose fluctuation values (mmol/L; mean difference-2.03, 95% CI [-2.44, -1.61], p < 0.00001), lower levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (%; mean difference -0.62, 95% CI [-1.22, -0.03], p=0.04), higher levels of prealbumin (g/L; p=0.002), transferrin (g/L; p=0.002), total protein (g/L; p=0.001) and haemoglobin (g/L; p=0.005). Early enteral nutrition may maintain stable blood glucose levels and improve nutritional status, leading to better therapeutic effectiveness in gastric cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus patients.

Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition Support Combined with Chemotherapy on Related Complications and Immune Function of Patients after Radical Gastrectomy.

Objective The purpose was to analyze the effect of early enteral nutrition (EEN) support combined with chemotherapy on related complications and immune function in patients after radical gastrectomy. Methods 80 patients with gastric cancer treated in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the research objects and divided into the experimental group and control group according to the random number table, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received chemotherapy only after surgery, while the experimental group received EEN on this basis. The total protein (TP), transferrin (TF), albumin (ALB), immune cells, and other indexes were measured in the two groups before and after treatment to analyze the effect of different treatment methods on the complications and immune function of patients after radical gastrectomy. Results There were no significant differences in gender ratio, average age, average BMI, pathological types, disease staging, and residence between the two groups (P > 0.05). The exhaust recovery time, total gastric tube drainage, fluid intake time, and hospitalization time in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the TP, TF, and ALB levels between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), and the TP, TF, and ALB levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). The CD4+/CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ levels in the experimental group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001). After treatment, the growth hormone levels in both groups significantly increased (P < 0.001), and the growth hormone level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the KPS scores between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), and the KPS score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment (P < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion EEN combined with chemotherapy is a reliable method to improve the immune function of patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, which plays an important role in improving the physical state of patients and reducing the incidence of complications. Therefore, its further research will help to establish a better treatment plan for such patients.

The effect of early enteral nutrition supplemented with synbiotics on lipid and glucose homeostasis in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial

Background and aimsThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of gut microbiota modulation through synbiotic supplementation on lipid and glucose homeostasis in tube-fed critically-ill adult patients. MethodsThis study is placebo-controlled, parallel, single-center, double-blind clinical trial. 42 patients were randomly distributed in placebo and synbiotic groups to receive intervention for a maximum of 14 days. Serum levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, insulin, and free fatty acids were obtained from blood sampling at baseline and the end of the study. Also, insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). ResultFasting glucose level (Day0 = 87.84 ± 15.51, Day14 = 83.76 ± 8.71 mg/dl, P = 0.51), fasting insulin level (Day0 = 9.46 ± 7.31, Day14 = 7.97 ± 5.19 mIU/L, P = 1.00), and HOMA index (Day0 = 1.89 ± 1.48, Day14 = 1.72 ± 1.17, P = 0.75) during the study were decreasing in both groups, but the decreases were not significant. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acidsat the beginning of the study were 114.18 ± 43.43 mg/dl, 146.59 ± 53.99 mg/dl, 0.83 ± 0.57 mmol/L, and at the end of the study were 129.10 ± 39.05 mg/dl, 127.40 ± 91.88 mg/dl, 0.88 ± 0.77 mmol/L, respectively. None of these changes were significant either (P = 0.99, P = 0.38, P = 0.90, respectively). ConclusionsAccording to our findings, synbiotics supplementation in critically ill patients has no significant effect on lipid and glucose profile.

Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition on Serum Inflammatory Factors and Intestinal Mucosal Permeability in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis.

To analyze the effect of early enteral nutrition on serum inflammatory factors and intestinal mucosal permeability in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. A total of 55 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were divided into 2 groups: the control group (n = 27), who received routine treatment and the observation group (n = 28), who received early enteral nutrition. The expression of serum inflammatory factors and the permeability of the intestinal mucosa were compared between the 2 groups before and after treatment, and rates of infection and mortality within 30 days were statistically analyzed. The recovery duration of serum and urine amylase and the length of hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group. The white blood cell counts, levels of procalcitonin, and the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group 7 days after the treatment was commenced, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05). The concentration of diamine oxidase in the serum and the urinary lactulose to mannitol (L/M) ratio in the observation group were lower than those in the control group 7 days after treatment was commenced. The infection rate in the observation group (21.43%) was lower than that in the control group (51.85%) (P < .05). There was no difference in the 30-day mortality between the 2 groups (P > .05). Early enteral nutrition may reduce the expression of serum inflammatory factors, decrease the permeability of the intestinal mucosa, and improve the prognosis of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition of Three-Cavity Nasal Jejunal Tube Under Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) in Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

This study was to explore the curative effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) of three-cavity nasal jejunal tube (NJT) based on nano superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in treating severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). After the Fe3+ and Fe2+ were mixed, the ions were co-precipitated to generate Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which were used as seeds for the sodium citrate-auric acid reduction reaction to form the gold-coated SPIO nanoparticles. 90 patients with severe AP were selected and randomly rolled into blank group (group B), control group (group C), and experimental group (group E), with 30 cases in each group. The three groups of patients were treated with complete parenteral nutrition support, EN through three-cavity NJT, an EN through three-cavity NJT under the guidance of SPIO nanoparticles, respectively. The resulted showed that the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (11.6±1.62) of the group E was much lower in contrast to the group B (16.34±1.45) and the group C (15.8±1.33) (P &lt; 0.05). The computed tomography severity index (CTSI) in group E (5.03±0.65) was greatly lower than that in the group B (6.01±0.39) and the group C (5.89±0.44) (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to the group B (14.5±1.25), the time required for the blood amylase to return to normal in the group C and the group E (11.8±1.39, 7.3±1.4) was shorter visibly (P &lt; 0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores during and after the placement of NJT were the lowest (P &lt; 0.05). In short, the nutritional support through three-cavity NJT for patients with SAP was safe and effective, and had a positive effect on preventing infection and improving body function; in addition, the application of SPIO nanoparticles could help relieve patients’ pain and reduce adverse events.

Effect of early enteral nutrition on critical care outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke

ObjectiveStroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a comorbidity of ischemic stroke related to clinical outcomes. Early enteral nutrition (EEN; within 48 hours) reduces the incidence of infection and length of intensive care unit (ICU)/hospital stay. The relationship between EEN and critical care outcomes, including SAP, in patients with ischemic stroke has been insufficiently studied.MethodsWe recruited 499 patients in this retrospective observational study. We evaluated SAP incidence within 14 days from admission. Patients were divided into an EEN group and a late EN group (LEN; start later than EEN). We compared groups regarding background and length of ICU/hospital stay.ResultsEN was started within 48 hours in 236 patients. SAP was diagnosed in 94 patients (18.8%), with most in the LEN group (28.1% vs. 8.5%). Median [interquartile range] lengths of hospitalization (22 [12–30] days vs. 35 [20–45] days) and ICU stay (4 [2–5] days vs. 6 [3–8] days) were longer in the LEN group. EEN reduced the incidence of SAP. By contrast, consciousness disturbance and worsening consciousness level increased the SAP incidence. Increased age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were associated with start of prolonged EN.ConclusionsWe found that EEN may reduce SAP risk.

Раннее энтеральное питание с расширенным белково-калорийным обеспечением в комплексе интенсивной терапии пациентов с тяжелой политравмой как средство профилактики полиорганной недостаточности

Актуальность. Необходимость идентифицировать, лечить, предупреждать тяжелые нарушения нутритивного баланса у пациентов с политравмой остается одним из основных компонентов интенсивной терапии. Правильный выбор времени и метода нутритивной терапии, состава и энергетической ценности пищевых смесей призван способствовать снижению частоты трудно корректируемых осложнений, в том числе синдрома полиорганной недостаточности. Цель: оценить эффективность раннего энтерального питания с расширенным белково-калорийным обеспечением согласно протоколу Enhanced Protein-Energy Provision via the Enteral Route Feeding Protocol in Critically III Patients (PEP uP) в комплексе интенсивной терапии пациентов с тяжелой политравмой. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 40 больных с тяжелой политравмой, доставленных в отделение анестезии и интенсивной терапии (ОАИТ) в среднем через 0,5 часа после травмы. Средний возраст пострадавших — 41,9 ± 2,4 года. Основная группа (группа А) — 15 пациентов, которым проводилась нутритивная терапия по протоколу PEP uP. Группу сравнения (группа Б) составили 25 больных, у которых нутритивная поддержка проводилась согласно Европейским рекомендациям по клиническому питанию пациентов в ОАИТ с применением стандартных полимерных смесей. С целью оценки риска полиорганной недостаточности применяли шкалу Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) при поступлении, на 2-е, 3-и и 5-е сутки лечения. Определяли в динамике уровень общего белка и альбумина сыворотки крови. Результаты. Тяжесть органной дисфункции по шкале SOFA в обеих группах при поступлении была соизмеримой. В группе Б со вторых суток отмечено развитие устойчивой гипопротеинемии, чего в группе А не наблюдалось. На 5-е сутки лечения в группе А отмечен достоверно более высокий уровень альбумина, чем в группе Б. На третий день лечения в группе Б выросла доля пациентов с проявлениями повреждения почек: 31,8 % — 0 баллов, 54,5 % — 1 балл, 13,7 % — 2 балла по шкале SOFA. В группе А оценки в 2 балла по шкале SOFA не наблюдалось, 84,6 % имели 1 балл, 15,4 % — 0 баллов. В течение первых трех суток отмечено уменьшение проявлений повреждения легких в обеих группах. Влияние ранней нутритивной поддержки на динамику индекса оксигенации остается, по нашему мнению, неопределенным. Выводы. Достигнуто сокращение срока пребывания пациентов с тяжелой политравмой в ОАИТ в среднем на трое суток (в группе А — 16,9 ± 1,4 суток, в группе Б — 19,9 ± 1,2 суток). Первые 3–5 суток интенсивной терапии с использованием протокола PEP uP позволяют снизить риски развития полиорганной недостаточности, что следует из низшего в данный термин суммарного балла по шкале SOFA в группе А (1–4 балла) по сравнению с группой Б (4–7 баллов). Нутритивная терапия методом раннего энтерального питания с расширенным белково-калорийным обеспечением позволяет улучшить адекватность покрытия белково-энергетических потребностей у пациентов в остром периоде политравмы, что может положительно влиять на уменьшение частоты развития осложнений, продолжительность пребывания пациентов в ОАИТ.