Effects Of Different Systems Research Articles

Treatment of tetracycline in an aqueous solution with an iron-biochar/periodate system: Influencing factors and mechanisms.

In this study, a potassium ferrate (K2FeO4)-modified biochar (Fe-BC) was prepared and characterized. Afterwards, Fe-BC was applied to activated periodate (PI) to degrade tetracycline (TC), an antibiotic widely used in animal farming. The degradation effects of different systems on TC were compared and the influencing factors were investigated. In addition, several reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the Fe-BC/PI system were identified, and TC degradation pathways were analyzed. Moreover, the reuse performance of Fe-BC was evaluated. The results exhibited that the Fe-BC/PI system could remove almost 100% of TC under optimal conditions of [BC] = 1.09 g/L, initial [PI] = 3.29 g/L, and initial [TC] = 20.3 mg/L. Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, and humic acid inhibited TC degradation to varying degrees in the Fe-BC/PI system due to their quenching effects on ROS. TC was degraded into intermediates and even water and carbon dioxide by the synergistic effect of ROS generated and Fe on the BC surface. Fe-BC was reused four times, and the removal rate of TC was still maintained above 80%, indicating the stable nature of Fe-BC.

Tillage effects on soil physical properties and maize phenology

ABSTRACT Field and laboratory studies on the effect of different systems of tillage on soil agrophysical properties, seed germination and productivity of maize (corn) demonstrate that tillage influences soil water content, penetration resistance and bulk density throughout the growing season. Faster soil warming and seed germination under the mouldboard plough influenced all stages of maize growth and development; minimal tillage was associated with lesser plant height, leaf area, number of cobs per 100 plants and 1000-grain weight, leading to an average yield shortfall of 0.37–0.88t/ha compared to the mouldboard plough.

The effect of different systems of growing tomatoes in a protected area on morphological properties and business results

We are witnessing negative consequences caused by the use of synthetic crop protection products and fertilizers in food production. Interest in the indoor farming of certain plant species has grown significantly. Organic and integrated farming imply the use of natural products, while limiting or completely eliminating the use of synthetic resources. The goal of the research is to study different farming systems in two types of tomatoes and their effect on the variability of certain tomato properties (the number of formed flower trusses, number of fruits per flower truss, and tomato yield). Furthermore, the gross margin of tomato production was calculated. Factor A comprised of different systems of agricultural production: integrated and organic. Factor B comprised two types of tomatoes (cherry and beef). The experiment was set up in a modern indoor space, in controlled microclimate conditions in randomized block design in four replications. The organic system of farming highly significantly affected the studied parameters. The reason for this was the use of a modern growing technology and the approach to the farming itself.

Diabetes, Aging, and Insulin's Reponic Features: Review.

The aging process and the concomitant physiological changes that come with increasing age have been a focus of researchers and the general population for centuries. The pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the aging process was famously articulated by Aristotle, stating, "education is the best provision for old age." This remains true today in our quest to understand the physiological underpinnings of aging and the incessant attempt to slow or reverse many of the processes. The need to understand normal aging physiology is important to guide future targeted interventions to promote autonomy and prevent impairment of functioning. The risk of frailty, "vulnerability to stressors" and impaired or decreased functioning of a multitude of body systems is a major public health consideration for adults 65 years or older. While there has been a plethora of research on the aging effects of different systems throughout the body, the following literature review will focus on our recent understanding of the components of nutrient handling, specifically the endocrine system in older adults. By understanding the normal physiological changes that occur in response to nutrients, future interventions can be targeted to promote an extension of optimal functioning throughout the lifespan.

Outage and capacity analysis of NOMA systems over dual-hop mixed powerline-wireless channels

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as a promising technology for 5G networks and beyond. In order to fully reap the benefits of NOMA, it is essential to characterize its performance under different channel fading. In this paper, we carry out a performance analysis of the downlink NOMA-based dual-hop mixed powerline/wireless communication (PLC/WLC) system. Specifically, we investigate the system reliability and spectrum efficiency in terms of the outage probability and the ergodic capacity, respectively, where the PLC link undergoes lognormal fading while the WLC link undergoes block Rayleigh fading. The accuracy of the analytical results has been validated, the effect of different system controlling parameters is tested; and the optimal values of power allocation factors are obtained. Also, the system performance is compared to a benchmark system through representative extensive simulations.

Mental Health Insurance in India and Other Countries: A Comparative Perspective

Improved health and health coverage are of vital concern to the welfare of Indian society. The nascent health insurance system of a country is experiencing an explosive expansion and various models of schemes but lacking mental health coverage. This article discusses the effect of different systems of health coverage and insurance and develops a system of health coverage in India.

Enhanced quinoline degradation by persulfate-assisted photocatalytic process with WO3-CuFe2O4 Z-scheme system: Properties and mechanism

Quinoline is a kind of organic pollutant difficult to be biodegraded, for which the photocatalysis technology is a commonly used removal method, but the degradation performance still needs to be improved. In this work, the WO3-CuFe2O4 Z-scheme system was constructed, and the persulfate (PS)-assisted photocatalytic degradation of quinoline with WO3-CuFe2O4 by adding persulfate in the photocatalytic systems was studied. The effects of different systems and key parameters such as catalyst dosage, PS concentration and initial pH value on the degradation efficiency of quinoline were investigated. With the addition of persulfate, the degradation efficiency of quinoline increased from 24.3% to 100% in 150 min, under the condition of [PS] = 3 mmol/L, [catalyst] = 3 g/L, temperature = 25 ± 2 °C, and pH = 9. And the WO3-CuFe2O4 catalyst showed excellent reusability according to the result of 5-cycle repeated experiment. The possible degradation mechanism was studied by the quenching test and the identification of intermediates and products, which indicated the degradation of quinoline in WO3-CuFe2O4/VIS/PS system was realized via denitrification, dehydrogenation, hydroxylation and ring breaking processes.

Adsorption of dissolved gas molecules in the transformer oil on metal (Ag, Rh, Sb)-doped PdSe2 momlayer: A first-principles study

High-sensitivity gas sensors to monitor dissolved gases in transformer oil are of high value for preventing safety problems in oil-immersed transformers. This paper performs simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). The PdSe2 for five dissolved gases (H2, C2H2, CH4, CO and CO2) in transformer oil is being investigated based on the sensing performance of three different metal-modified PdSe2 of Ag, Rh, and Sb. By studying the desorption properties of the gas, Rh-PdSe2 has the best desorption for H2 at room temperature. It can be used as a candidate material to detect H2 at room temperature. The adsorption and desorption performance of PdSe2 for H2 is good at high temperatures, and it can be used as a candidate material for H2 detection at high temperatures. The adsorption effect of different systems on C2H2 is very obvious, and it can be used as the detection of C2H2 dissolved gas in transformer oil. Rh-PdSe2 is suitable as a sensing material for CH4, and Ag-PdSe2 has great sensing potential for CO. This work will provide a theoretical basis as well as preliminary ideas for experimenters.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) press cake: From processing to bioactivities

The effects of commercial enzymes (pectinases, cellulases, beta-1-3-glucanases, and pectin lyases) on the recovery of anthocyanins and polyphenols from blackcurrant press cake were studied considering two solid:solvent ratios (1:10 and 1:4 w/v). β-glucanase enabled the recovery of the highest total phenolic content – 1142 mg/100 g, and the extraction of anthocyanins was similar using all enzymes (∼400 mg/100 g). The use of cellulases and pectinases enhanced the extraction of antioxidants (DPPH − 1080 mg/100 g; CUPRAC – 3697 mg/100 g). The freeze-dried extracts presented antioxidant potential (CUPRAC, DPPH), which was associated with their biological effects in different systems: antiviral activity against both non-enveloped viruses (enterovirus coxsackievirus A-9) and enveloped coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43), and cytotoxicity towards cancer cells (A549 and HCT8). No cytotoxic effects on normal human lung fibroblast (IMR90) were observed, and no anti-inflammatory activity was detected in lipopolysaccharides-treated murine immortalised microglial cells.

Noncontact Intraocular Pressure Measurement over Bandage Contact Lens and the Effect of Pentacam and Corvis ST's IOP Correction System.

Purpose To evaluate the influence of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement while wearing bandage contact lens (BCL) and the effect of Pentacam and Corvis ST's correction systems. Methods It was a prospective comparative study. Forty healthy subjects (40 eyes) were included in this study. Eyes were measured using noncontact tonometer (NCT), Corvis ST, and Pentacam before and after wearing BCL. Pentacam's five correction formulas (Ehlers formula, Shah formula, Dresden formula, Kohlhaas formula, Orssengo/Pye formula) and Corvis ST's correction formulas (Ehlers formula and biomechanical corrected formula) were used to correct the IOP values before and after BCL wearing. The IOP values were compared, and the correction effect of different systems were evaluated. Results The mean age of the subjects was 24.4 ± 0.60 years. The mean IOP obtained by NCT was 14.8 ± 3.2 mmHg before BCL wearing and was 15.7 ± 3.4 mmHg after BCL wearing. The mean IOP was significantly increased after BCL wearing (0.9 ± 2.9 mmHg, P=0.05). Four of the five Pentacam's correction formulas (except Kohlhaas formula) showed no significant difference in the mean corrected IOP values before and after BCL wearing (all P > 0.05). The mean IOP obtained by Corvis ST was 13.7 ± 2.8 mmHg before BCL wearing and was 15.0 ± 4.0 mmHg after BCL wearing. The mean IOP was significantly increased after BCL wearing (1.3 ± 2.4 mmHg, P < 0.05). Corvis ST's correction formula (Ehlers formula other than biomechanical corrected formula) showed no significant difference in the mean corrected IOP values before and after BCL wearing (P > 0.05). Conclusion The IOP measurements over BCL by NCT and Corvis ST was found to be increased. The correction systems of Pentacam (Ehlers formula, Shah formula, Dresden formula, and Orssengo/Pye formula) and Corvis ST (Ehlers formula) are useful in correcting the IOP measuring deviation induced by BCL wearing.

Effect of Different Ventilation Systems on Concentrations of Indoor Particle Emitted from Floor of the Office

A three-dimensional numerical simulation of airflow, temperature, and pollutant concentration distributions with underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system and displacement ventilation (DV) systems are presented for different operating conditions. Since the particles deposited on the floors can be re-introduced into the air through re- suspension and then constitute a threat to human’s health, an optimal ventilation system is required to reduce the indoor air particle concentrations. In the present study, the effects of different systems on the concentrations of indoor particles are numerically investigated by an Eulerian-Lagrangian method, and the RNG k-ε model is adopted for the simulation. Three different supply air velocities (0.2-0.4 m/s) and different supply air temperatures (20 ℃, 22 ℃ and 24 ℃) are considered in the simulation. Meanwhile, the thermal effect of the human body on the micro-environment and its interaction with the surrounding environment are comprehensively evaluated. The simulation results shows that for the UFAD and DV systems, good performance of particle removal is obtained with the high air supply speed for the DV system, while under larger temperature gradient of the indoor environment, the UFAD system is capable of reducing the concentration of the particles emitted from the floors with lower air supply speed.

Agroecological assessment of the effectiveness of different systems of soil protection measures in the reproduction of fertility of slope gray forest soils

The increasing anthropogenic impact on the slopes, the involvement of new slope lands in the production sphere require reliable substantiation of their erosion resistance. The study of the effectiveness of the influence of the contour-band organization of the territory and various doses of fertilizers on the intensity of rain and snowmelt runoff, the composition and properties of flat gray forest soils was the main goal of our study. The object of the study was a plot of gray forest middle loamy soils located on the slopes of the western exposure, in 12 soil sections. The article presents a study of the influence of the contour-band structure of plots using cattle droppings and top dressing on the fertile properties of gray forest soils. We used standard research methods to determine the amount of humus and determine the aggregate properties of the soil, as well as to determine the properties of the solid phase of the soil density. We established the level of impact of the forest belt organized in the study area, while taking into account that we applied top dressing on the study area, which affects the nominal influence of factors that led to an increase in the environmental stability of the studied soils. It is proved that runoff-regulating contour forest belts provide optimization of density and increase in soil porosity, improve water-air regime, activate living organisms of agrobiocenosis, increase the thickness of the humus layer, content and reserves of humus in the soil up to 3,6% and 130,7 t/ha depending on its location on the slope. It is established that the use of fertilizers as top dressing on the studied destroyed soils significantly increases the yield of plant crops, as well as increases their environmental sustainability. The study of slopes from the standpoint of assessing, analyzing, and predicting their erosion resistance is an important direction of soil protection agriculture and in solving the food insecurity in Russia. Due to the intensive reduction of the area of agricultural land, the decrease in soil fertility, the problem of anti-erosion protection of land requires an immediate solution.

Could Irradiation Introduce Oxidized Oxygen Signals in Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Battery Electrodes?

The characterization of oxidized oxygen states through high-efficiency mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS) has become a crucial approach for studying the oxygen redox activities in high-energy battery cathodes. However, this approach has been recently challenged due to the concern of irradiation damage. Here we revisited a typical Li-rich electrode, Li1.144Ni0.136Mn0.544Co0.136O2, in both lithiated and delithiated states and evaluated the X-ray irradiation effect in the lengthy mRIXS experiments. Our results show that irradiation cannot introduce any oxidized oxygen feature, and the features of oxidized oxygen are weakened with a high X-ray dose. The results confirm again that mRIXS detects the intrinsic oxidized oxygen state in battery electrodes. However, the distinct irradiation effects in different systems imply that irradiation could selectively target the least stable elemental or chemical states, which should be analyzed with caution in the study of active chemical states.

Analysis of Text Collections for the Purposes of Keyword Extraction Task

The article discusses the evaluation of automatic keyword extraction algorithms (AKEA) and points out AKEA’s dependence on the properties of the test collection for effectiveness. As a result, it is difficult to compare different algorithms who’s tests were based on various test datasets. It is also difficult to predict the effectiveness of different systems for solving real-world problems of natural language processing (NLP). We take in to consideration a number of characteristics, such as the text length distribution in words and the method of keyword assignment. Our analysis of publicly available analytical exposition text which is typical for the keywords extraction domain revealed that their length distributions are very regular and described by the lognormal form. Moreover, most of the article lengths range between 400 and 2500 words. Additionally, the paper presents a brief review of eleven corpora that have been used to evaluate AKEA’s.

Preparation of cellulose nanofibrils from okara by high pressure homogenization method using deep eutectic solvents

The interest in the application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a green solvent has increased rapidly. The application of DES in agro-industrial okara treatment can be developed into industrialization. In order to simplify the degreasing, deproteinization and cellulose extraction steps in the process of pretreating okara cellulose, a new approach to cellulose extraction from okara via one-pot DES treatment is established. Three different complexing agents, choline salts in oxalic acid, in glycerol and in urea are studied in this work. The structure and properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) prepared by high pressure homogenization following pretreatment of okara with anionic systhesized DES are investigated. The effects of different systems on the degree of microfibrillation of okara are analyzed using techniques such as SEM, FTIR, TD and DTG. The results indicate that by pretreating okara with choline chloride–oxalic acid type solvent, CNFs with average diameter of 27 nm are obtained using high pressure homogenization.

Assessment of the effect of sodium hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulfide donor) on cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in rats.

Cisplatin (CIS) is an antineoplastic drug able to produce free radicals that are capable to induce various side effects in different tissues. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has notable antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects in different systems but its role in male reproductive system is not fully understood. In the present research, the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats was studied. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 4 groups. The control group was treated with normal saline by intraperitoneal injection. The NaHS group received NaHS (200μg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 15days. The CIS group received single dose of cisplatin (5mg/kg) intraperitoneally, while the combination of CIS and NaHS was given to the CIS+ NaHS group. At the end of the study, body and testicular weights, plasma testosterone level, histological and morphometrical alterations, inflammation via IL-1β protein, lipid peroxidation, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) of testicular tissue were evaluated. CIS injection revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in body and testis weights, plasma testosterone concentration, diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal epithelium thickness, the number of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and spermatocyte, Johnsen's testicular score, and testicular antioxidant enzymes, whereas it caused a significant increase (p < 0.01) in lumen diameter of the seminiferous tubules, level of lipid peroxidation, and IL-1β protein expression when compared with the control group. NaHS administration to CIS-treated rats provided marked improvement (p < 0.05) in all biochemical, histological, and morphometrical changes induced by CIS. The beneficial effects of NaHS were mediated, at least partly, by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Pathobiological Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide via Apoptosis, Necrosis and Senescence in a Rat Model.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is one of the underlying causes for vascular diseases. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), a short-chain lipid hydroperoxide analog, has been reported to cause adverse effects in different systems. However, the adverse actions of t-BHP on inducing endothelial dysfunction are unclear and remain under investigation. Aim of the present study was to identify the pathobiological mechanisms of t-BHP in rat aortic endothelial cells and thoracic aorta.Methods: Primary cultured cells were treated with vehicle or t-BHP (50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 μM). Cells were harvested and specific analyses regarding cellular apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence were conducted. Additionally, t-BHP (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol/kg body weight) or vehicle were administered to male rats (the young group at 6 weeks of age and the mature adult group at 24 weeks of age) daily through intraperitoneal injections. At 10 days after the first drug treatment apoptotic endothelial toxicity was evaluated by biochemical, histological, and immunofluorescent staining analyses.Results: Dose-dependent effects of t-BHP were observed for the reduction of cell viability, deterioration of cell toxicity, initiation of cell cycle arrest, and triggering of apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, increase of cells stained positive for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), amelioration of telomerase activity, and precipitations of necrotic, cell cycle, and apoptotic signaling regulatory proteins were also found in the in vitro model. In the in vivo study, results indicated that t-BHP at higher doses enlarged the intima-medial thickness of descending aorta in the mature adult group, but led to aortic narrowing in the young group. Increased injuries were observed by upregulating endothelial apoptosis- and senescence-positive staining, along with caspase-3 activity and down-regulating telomerase activity.Conclusion: These results confirmed that t-BHP impaired aortic endothelial cell survival at least partially by the activation of p53-mediated signaling pathways, inhibition of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and initiation of cellular senescence-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, t-BHP was found to be a major trigger for impairing aortic endothelial cell survival and deteriorating vascular dysfunction in experimental practice.

The influence of seed sowing norms rate and row spacing on the yield of sorghum grain grown at eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine

In fact, there are no data on the effect of different combinations of plant density and the shape of their nutrition zone on the level of grain productivity of various stem systems (main and lateral rods of different orders) and their contribution to the total production of the plant yield capacity. This is precisely why our research was aimed to identifying the optimal combinations of sowing rates with sowing practices, which would allow for the development of the largest sorghum hybrid grain production capacity and determine the effect of different systems of stems on the formation of the highest cereal productivity of grain sorghum hybrids. The aim of research was to determine the connection between the components of growing technology (seeding rates and ways of sowing) that reflect the level of coenotic stress in plant crops.

Analysis of quantum coherence in biology

We reviewed the tools of quantum physics used in modeling of quantum coherence (QC) effects in different systems, including biological systems, which behave as quantum objects in some of their degrees of freedom. In particular, we considered the usage of the effective Hamiltonian (EH), Green’s function (GF) and density matrix (DM) methods in the analysis of QC, focusing on QC in biological systems. We discussed the two main mechanisms of loss of quantum state coherence: (i) dephasing of the originally prepared coherent wave package and (ii) population relaxation in the same wave package. Dephasing does not affect the quantum state population, e.g. as in spin-spin relaxation, where dephasing is described by the τ2 relaxation time. On the other hand, the state population relaxation of the spin wavepackage is attributed to spin-lattice relaxation and is described by the τ1 relaxation time. Presently we discussed EH and GF formalisms in terms of the complex energy, dependent on intra- and intersystem interactions that induce state population relaxation. We provided a detailed analysis of these approaches for the exciton relaxation dynamics in a glycine polypeptide chain. The same phenomena were described in the DM formalism using the relaxation matrix. We discussed QC in different biological systems, showing that QC is conserved when the interactions of the coherent wavepackage with other degrees of freedom are weak, as otherwise population relaxation causes loss of QC. We believe that our results will be useful for the researchers in the area of quantum biology.

A dynamically controllable evaporative cooling system for thermal management of transient heat loads

Evaporation of thin liquid films has the potential to sustain significantly high heat fluxes. This cooling mechanism has been studied extensively to create devices capable of handling large static heat loads for electronic cooling. However, significant and sudden variations in the heat loads can result in the dryout of the thin film, which can jeopardize the performance of the cooling system causing irreversible damage to the electronic component. Hence, a mechanism capable of controlling the performance of evaporative cooling is necessary. This study presents a unique strategy that combines a novel evaporator with a vapor compression cycle, whose performance can be varied to address the transient heat loads. The evaporator is designed to take advantage of simultaneously-occurring multiple modes of heat transfer to dissipate large heat fluxes. This study presents a device and system-level analysis to quantify the effect of different system operating conditions that control the overall cooling performance and efficiency.