Effect Of Different Locations Research Articles

Expanding the Notch Region by Adjusting the Copper Growth Profile for High-Efficiency Flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells.

Flexible CIGS solar cells, with their adjustable band gap for future flexible tandem solar cells and flexibility for roll-to-roll manufacturing, have the potential to be used in a wide range of applications. However, flexible CIGS solar cells are always manufactured at relatively low temperatures, where Cu diffusion has a substantial impact on the CIGS surface state and defect formation. To address these issues, we designed a new CIGS growth profile in this work by carefully examining the effects of different locations of excess Cu in the third stage of the CIGS deposition profile. The results showed that adding more Cu to the middle part of the third stage can enhance the crystal quality, expand the GGI grading notch region, move the GGI minimum to the CdS side, cause a JSC rise, achieve proper band alignment at the interface, and then enhance the FF. By taking advantage of these advantages, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) is significantly raised. An impressive improvement of 32.6% over the initial efficiency of 13.8% has been attained, yielding a high efficiency of 18.3% and providing a strong basis for the development of flexible CIGS solar cells.

SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF Ti6Al4V ALLOY PRODUCED BY LASER POWDER BED FUSION

Controlling the surface roughness of materials manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is critical for achieving functional performance of components and improving their mechanical properties. This is important for components whose surfaces cannot be post-treated using subtractive methods. In this study, the surface roughness has been investigated by applying different laser power and scanning speed combinations. Furthermore, potential effects of different locations on the build platform have been considered as well. The regression models have been developed using significant predictor variables, with their levels defined using face-centered central composite design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure has been used to evaluate the statistical significance of factors and model performances for each prediction variable. It has been found that the average surface roughness of L-PBF Ti6Al4V alloy can be described with high fitting accuracy using laser power and scanning speed as predictor variables. The position of specimens on the build platform showed no statistically significant effect on the average surface roughness. The experimental research and statistical analysis reported in this paper will contribute to a better understanding of how position, laser power, and scanning speed influence the average surface roughness of L-PBF Ti6Al4V alloy.

A comparative Study of Some Biochemical Characteristics of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Earthen ponds at Different Locations of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers / Middle of Iraq.

This study was conducted with the aim of showing the effect of different locations and water quality on some blood enzyme properties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). This study was carried out in four different locations in central Iraq for the period from June 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022. The Dujail and Suwayra sites on the Tigris River were used, and the Fallujah and Mahaweel sites on the Euphrates River were used. 120 fish were collected from the four sites, 30 fish for each site, and some biochemical traits were measured, including total protein, albumin, kinase phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol. The results of the current study showed that the values of blood enzymes increased with the rise in temperatures during the hot months and decreased with the decrease in temperatures in the cold months. It was also found that there were highly significant differences between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the values of total protein, kinase phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol, as the Tigris River was significantly superior to the Euphrates River in the values of these four enzymes, and this indicates that the Euphrates River is better than the Tigris River. As for the value of the two albums, there are no significant differences between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The current results also showed that there were significant differences in the values of total protein and kinase phosphatase, as these values were significantly higher in the Dujail site than in the Fallujah site, while no significant differences were observed between the Suwayrah and Al-Mahaweel sites. The current results also showed that there were no significant differences between the four sites in the value of the two albums. The current results showed higher values of blood enzymes in the Dujail site compared to the Fallujah site, and this indicates that the Fallujah site is one of the best sites in the values of enzymes, being close and within the natural limits, and this is due to the availability of an appropriate healthy environment in the Fallujah site compared to other sites.

Effect of Different Locations and Transplanting Dates on the Performance of Lettuce var. Great Lakes under Wet Temperate Region of Himachal Pradesh-India

Lettuce is the topmost leafy salad vegetable grown in the world. Performance of lettuce varieties varies erratically under different sowing conditions. Recommendation of varieties should be given after evaluating them in a particular area first. Sowing time and climatic conditions affects the production and quality of the produce immensely. To study the effect of different locations and planting time an experiment was conducted at three different locations of Seraj valley of Mandi district, a wet temperate region of Himachal Pradesh, in year 2020. Experiment was laid out in RBD-factorial design using lettuce variety Great Lakes and locations and transplanting dates as two factors of the study. The experiment was carried out in three locations viz. village Bagsiad (L1), Lambathach (L2), Majakhal (L3) and the crop was transplanted on three transplanting dates viz. 15th April (T1), 30th April (T2), 15th May (T3). Observations were recorded for traits such as days to head initiation, number of non wrapper leaves, leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), plant height (cm), head weight (g), yield per plot (kg) and yield per hectare (q). The performance of lettuce variety Great lakes was found significantly better over all the other treatments at village Lambathach when transplanted on 30th April.

Investigation of trapping effects in Schottky lightly doped P-GaN gate stack under γ-ray irradiation

In this Letter, trapping effects of a Schottky lightly Mg-doped p-GaN gate stack for low-power applications have been investigated, and further analysis focusing on AlGaN/GaN interface traps under γ-ray irradiation has been carried out. A negligible shift in the flatband voltage with γ-ray irradiation dose up to 800 krad indicates the superior radiation tolerance of the p-GaN gate structure. The difference between capacitance dispersion at the measurement frequency below and above 500 kHz is observed, which is attributed to trapping effects in different locations with varying gate voltage. Moreover, the frequency-dependent conductance method is put forward to assess the effects of different doses of γ-ray irradiation on the AlGaN/GaN interface traps. Based on that method, aside from the shallow trap states [the trap activation energy (ET) is about 0.334–0.338 eV] previously found in the traditional normally on high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), another type of deeper trap states at the AlGaN/GaN interface (ET is about 0.467–0.485 eV) is detected. It is observed that the ET of shallow trap states distributes at a deeper and broader range as the irradiation dose increases. Additionally, the trap density decreased after 600 krad doses irradiation but increased after 800 krad doses irradiation for both deep and shallow ET. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are used to demonstrate the smooth AlGaN/GaN interface morphology, which will not be greatly damaged after 800 krad doses of γ-ray irradiation. This work can provide a further understanding of radiation tolerance and trapping effects of p-GaN gate HEMTs for low-voltage applications.

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Water Quality in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Lijiang River, China and Their Responses to Environmental Factors.

As the climate and the external environment have changed, the environmental factors of the Lijiang River Basin (LRB) have changed, posing new threats to the environmental quality, ecosystem balance, and management and protection of the water environment of the Lijiang River. Water quality indicators and environmental factors vary spatially along the Lijiang River, which runs through urban areas, farmland, and karst areas. However, research on the response of water quality to water environmental factors is still lacking. Within this context, this study considered statistical methods and hydrological, meteorological, and water quality data of the middle and lower reaches of the Lijiang River from 2012 to 2018, expounded on the temporal and spatial change characteristics and evolution trends of water quality indicators; we analyzed the correlation between water quality indicators and environmental factors; we quantitatively assessed the sensitivity and contribution rate of water quality indicators to environmental factors. The results demonstrated that rainfall feedback on the river streamflow was lagging, and upstream precipitation often affected downstream streamflow. The water quality in the upper reaches of Guilin has improved year by year, and pollution levels have increased slightly when flowing through the urban area of Guilin. In spite of this, it still falls within the range of self-purification. River characteristics heavily influence the impact of environmental factors on water quality indicators; in contrast, the effects of different locations along the same river are more similar. Four water quality indicators are negatively correlated with water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The sensitivities of ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) to streamflow increase with the flow direction. The contribution rates of DO-to-total phosphorus (TP) and pH-to-TP are over −6%. Water temperature is the major contributing factor in the Lijiang River, while DO has a higher contribution in tributaries. The external sources affect the concentration of various water quality indicators and the sensitivity of water quality indicators to the external environment. There should be a series of measures implemented to reduce pollution, such as using oxygenation or chemical means to increase pH in Dahe and Yangshuo to control water pollutants. Tourism and particular karst topography make LRB’s calculations unique, but the research method can be applied to other watersheds as well.

Defects in Gr/h-BN nanoribbons heterostructure: Atomically precise cutting and defect amplification effect via hydrogenation pseudo-crack

Combining both defect and hydrogenation provides the possibility to create an unprecedented structure configuration using an optimally designed mechanical model. The effects of increasing the defect length, coverage of hydrogenation and also the effect of different locations of such defects (Stone-Wales (SW) and vacancy) in hybrid h-BN/Graphene/h-BN nanosheet on their mechanical properties have been studied. The result shows that hydrogenation can be regarded as a kind of pseudo-crack, and even the shape and structure of graphene heterojunction can be precisely controlled and cut. By creating the hydrogenation pseudo-crack in hybrid nanosheets, the carbon atoms in hydrogenated graphene are converted to sp3 hybridization, while the carbon atoms in un‑hydrogenated regions are still sp2 hybridization. The hydrogenation pseudo-crack can also improve the stability and interfacial adhesion of the important region (interface region) of hybrid nanosheets, and transform the sp2 hybridization state into sp3 hybridization state, which can effectively hinder the transformation of six-membered rings in the structure. Only high stress can destroy the structure, so it shows obvious brittle fracture characteristics in the process of tension. Temperature and interface connection also have important influence on the mechanical properties of graphene heterostructure. Defects and hydrogenation pseudo-crack in heterostructures will cause local stress, hybridization state transition and “defect amplification effect”, which will further affect physical properties of materials. In addition, the hydrogenation pseudo-crack is more suitable for atom cutting than vacancy and SW defects, and can precisely control the fracture path of graphene heterostructure.

Modified model of reduction condensing losses strategy into the wet steam flow considering efficient energy of steam turbine based on injection of nano-droplets

In this study according to the challenges of the power generation industry and condensing losses of wet steam flow, the strategy of Nano-droplets injection in nucleation zone is used. The strategy as such have been adopted to reduce the condensing losses of the flow and increase the efficient energy of the steam turbine. In the first step, after performing the sensitivity analysis on the computational domain of the non-equilibrium condensation model, the results are validated with the experimental data. Also, the SST k-ω turbulence model is utilized to simulate the latency created by the presence of Nano-droplets in the created domain. In the second step, the measurement criterion for injection effects in different locations of the nucleation zone is defined as efficient energy. This energy for the steam turbine are calculated as the energy of flow between the cascade blade, which it has the lowest wet losses of liquid phase and the highest temperature, velocity and internal energy. Finally, based on the Modified case, the efficient energy parameters have been presented, which result in a decrease of approximately 45% 27.5%, 21.4% 44% and 18%, for the condensation losses, droplets radius size, liquid mass fraction, the erosion rate ratio and wetness losses, respectively. Additionally an increasing trend of 18.25% and 0.2% for the efficient energy and Mach number has been observed.

Assessment of Stability of MIMU Probes to Skin-Marker-Based Anatomical Reference Frames During Locomotion Tasks: Effect of Different Locations on the Lower Limb.

Soft tissue artefacts (STAs) undermine the validity of skin-mounted approaches to measure skeletal kinematics. Magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMU) gained popularity due to their low cost and ease of use. Although the reliability of different protocols for marker-based joint kinematics estimation has been widely reported, there are still no indications on where to place MIMU to minimize STA. This study aims to find the most stable positions for MIMU placement, among four positions on the thigh, four on the shank, and three on the foot. Stability was investigated by measuring MIMU movements against an anatomical reference frame, defined according to a standard marker-based approach. To this aim, markers were attached both on the case of each MIMU (technical frame) and on bony landmarks (anatomical frame). For each MIMU, the nine angles between each versor of the technical frame with each versor of the corresponding anatomical frame were computed. The maximum standard deviation of these angles was assumed as the instability index of MIMU-body coupling. Six healthy subjects were asked to perform barefoot gait, step negotiation, and sit-to-stand. Results showed that (1) in the thigh, the frontal position was the most stable in all tasks, especially in gait; (2) in the shank, the proximal position is the least stable, (3) lateral or medial calcaneus and foot dorsum positions showed equivalent stability performances. Further studies should be done before generalizing these conclusions to different motor tasks and MIMU-body fixation methods. The above results are of interest for both MIMU-based gait analysis and rehabilitation approaches using wearable sensors-based biofeedback.

Effect of Different Types of Stenosis on Generalized Power Law Model of Blood Flow in a Bifurcated Artery

This study is focus on generalized power law model of blood flow in a stenosed bifurcated artery under the effect of different types of stenosis. Stenosis can cause the narrowing of the artery that may reduce the flow of blood supply to the heart, and this may lead to the heart attacks. The geometry of the bifurcated artery with different classification of stenosis locations is considered in order to shows four possible morphologies formation of plaque from healthy artery to disease artery. The bifurcated artery is modelled as a two-dimensional rigid wall since the wall of a disease artery is reported to be less flexibility. Few assumptions are considered such as blood are incompressible, laminar, steady and characterized as the generalized power-law model. Simulation results are obtained using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2, which is a software that based on the finite element method to solve this problem. Results concerning the effect of different locations of stenosis on generalized power law model of the blood flow characteristic such as streamlines pattern are discussed.

Simulation The Force- Displacement Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Different Degrees and Locations of Corrosion

Regarding the failures due to corrosion in later years, concern about corrosion damage has been intensified and some tests have been carried out in order to study the effect of corrosion on capability of bending and shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams. For as much as these studies is experimental commonly and using from its results subject to spend time and financial costs, this study is set to analyze behavior of corrosion found reinforced beams, using ABAQUS computer software. For this purpose, the sound reinforced concrete beams is modeled, first and simulating accuracy is confirmed by existing experiment results. Then corrosion found beams with different degrees are modeled by ABAQUS software and their results were compared with experimental results and finally, P-∆ charts are produced and provided for software models. In the way of simulations, effects of corrosion site, amount and intensity of corrosion, concrete compressive strength and bar yielding stress on behavior of reinforced concrete beams under corrosion is examined. In this investigation, the effect of different locations and different corrosion degrees is considered regarding changes which take place in cross section of steel, mechanical characteristics concrete and steel and integrity between steel and concrete.

A Threshold Line for Safe Geologic CO2 Storage Based on Field Measurement of Soil CO2 Flux

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an established and verified technology that can implement zero emissions on a large enough scale to limit temperature rise to below 2 °C, as stipulated in the Paris Agreement. However, leakage from CCS sites must be monitored to ensure containment performance. Surface monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations at onshore CCS sites is one method to locate and quantify CCS site leakage. Employing soil accumulation chambers, we have established baseline data for the natural flux of CO2 as a threshold alert to detect CO2 leakage flux to ensure the safety of onshore CCS sites. Within this context, we conducted on-site CO2 measurements at three different locations (A, B, and C) on the INAS test field at the Ito campus, Kyushu University (Japan). Furthermore, we developed a specific measurement system based on the closed-chamber method to continuously measure CO2 flux from soil and to investigate the correlation between CO2 flux from the soil surface and various parameters, including environmental factors and soil sample characteristics. In addition, gas permeability and the effect of different locations on soil CO2 flux are discussed in this study. Finally, we present an equation for estimating the soil CO2 flux used in the INAS field site that includes environmental factors and soil characteristics. This equation assists in defining the threshold line for an alert condition related to CO2 leakage at onshore CCS sites.

Effects of Housing Locations on Feather Damages of Laying Hens in a Free-Range Housing System

This study was made to evaluate the effects of different locations of a free range housing system on feather damages of laying hens. The experimental house consisted of three different locations as closed indoor plastic slats, closed indoor litter and outdoor range area. The birds were able to move freely between the locations of the experimental house and they had continuous access to outdoor range during the day. The feather damages of the birds was evaluated with a distance scoring system at 64 weeks of age. Five area in each location of the experimental house were determined at first and then feather damages of five body parts of ten birds in each location were scored to measure plumage quality. Total feather score was defined as the sum of the scores of five body parts of the birds. Best plumage quality was measured in neck in all housing locations (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01) and total feather score of the birds was significantly greatest (worst) in slats (P<0.05).

Research on Overvoltage Suppression by Blocking Diode and DC Circuit Breaker in LCC-VSC Hybrid HVDC System

In this study, a LCC-VSC hybrid HVDC transmission system was taken as an example. The valve and neutral overvoltage of the hybrid HVDC system were simulated and then calculated at the VSC converter station by installing a blocking diode and a DC circuit breaker, as well as by grounding after neutral bus outage. The isolation effect of the blocking diode and the DC circuit breaker on the VSC converter station in the protection and the effect on the DC overvoltage were compared, and the difference was analyzed by complying with the mechanism of overvoltage. The effect of different locations of the blocking diode on the overvoltage suppression was compared, and it was concluded that different locations of blocking diode could raise different requirements for the insulation coordination of the converter valve. By analyzing energy sources of the neutral bus overvoltage at different stages, it was further concluded that the energy stored in the distributed inductance of the metal return line could be a vital source of neutral bus overvoltage energy. On that basis, an overvoltage suppression strategy for grounding neutral bus directly after the stop of the converter station was proposed.

Farklı Lokasyonların Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.)’de Uçucu Yağ Oranı ve Kimyasal Kompozisyonu Üzerine Etkisi

Bu araştırmanın amacı lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) bitkisinde farklı (Afyon, Eskişehir, Isparta ve Uşak) lokasyonların uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağın kimyasal kompozisyonu üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Bitkiler 4 farklı lokasyonda yetiştirilmiştir. 48 saat boyunca 35 °C’de kurutulmuş olan çiçek örnekleri, 210 dakika süreyle hidro-distilasyona tabi tutularak uçucu yağ oranları belirlenmiştir. Örneklerin uçucu yağ bileşenleri GC/MS cihazı kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Farklı lokasyonlardan elde edilen uçucu yağ oranları sırasıyla: %5.93 (Afyon), %5.63 (Eskişehir), %7.80 (Isparta) ve %6.57 (Uşak)’dır. GC/MS cihazında yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre, uçucu yağ örneklerinde 40 farklı bileşen tespit edilmiştir. Analiz edilen uçucu yağ örneklerinin ana bileşenleri linalool (%41.34-53.10), linalil asetat (%1.83-23.54), kafur (%4.48-7.60) ve 1,8-sineol (%1.95-6.27)’dur. Sonuçlar; farklı lokasyonların melez lavantanın (Lavandula × intermedia) uçucu yağ oranı ve kimyasal komposizyonu üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Numerical study for the ventilation with solar chimney under effect of different location and the shape of the section opening window

Heat transfer process and fluid flow in a solar chimney used for natural ventilation are investigated numerically in the present work. Solar chimney was tested by selecting different positions and shape of window namely: at the up, middle, and bottom side, as well as for horizontal and vertical and square shape windows. CFD analysis based on finite volume method is used to predict the thermal performance, and air flow in three dimensional solar chimney under steady state condition, to identify the effect of different parameters such as solar radiation. Results show that a solar chimney with horizontal at the bottom of the Room better ventilation performance.

Agro-Ecological and Varietal Effects on The Infestation of Two Types of Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Fennel Fruits and Essential Oil Under Middle and Upper Egypt Conditions

The medicinal and aromatic plants in Egypt became vital economic crops for the local and export market. One of these crops is the Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), it is an important herbaceous plant. The fennel aphids, Hyadaphis foeniculi (Passerini) and cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) cause reductions on the yield components and amount of essential oil in the fennel fruits. This study was conducted to investigate the aphids infestation on two fennel varieties (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare (Local) and Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Holland) cultivated in two agro-ecological zones in Middle and Upper Egypt during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Depend on the obtained results, there were significant effects of different locations on the infestation level by fennel aphids, while there was no significant interaction between seasons. This results on susceptibility degrees of fennel varieties showed that none of the tested varieties was found completely free from aphid attack. At Al-Fayoum, the Local and Holland were exhibited low resistance in the first season, whereas, both varieties were susceptible (S) in the second season. However, at Luxor, Local var. was low resistance (LR) and susceptible (S) in the first and second seasons respectively. While Holland var. was susceptible (S) in both seasons. The different treatments were similar in both seasons and highly significant compared to untreated plants. The efficient treatments are Tracer and Saif oil followed by KZ Oil + Potassium Soap. It is clear from the results that the local cultivar preferred to cultivate in Luxor, where the best vegetative growth, as well as the highest yield of fruits and the highest productivity of essential oil percentage and the highest oil yield, provided the treatment of plants with Tracer or Saif oil, where they have a strong impact on aphid resistance, which reflected on the production of local fennel type increased. On the other hand, Holland variety, the best yield was given in Al-Fayoum in terms of vegetative growth, fruit yield and oil yield, provided that the plants were treated with Tracer or Saif oil, which was efficient on the reduction the aphid infestation, leading to increased productivity. Our investigation suggested that the agro-ecological region have a high concern in widespread of the medicinal and aromatic plant for high production and quality of the essential oil especially the foreign fennel verities.

Numerical study on convective flow and heat transfer in 3D inclined enclosure with hot solid body and discrete cooling

Purpose This study aims to deal the numerical simulation on buoyant convection and energy transport in an inclined cubic box with diverse locations of the heater and coolers. Design/methodology/approach The left/right walls are cooled partially whereas the other walls are kept adiabatic. In the left/right walls, three different locations of the cooler are examined, whereas heater moves in three locations in the middle of the enclosed box. The governing models are numerically solved using the finite-element method. Findings The simulations are done on several values of the Rayleigh number and cavity inclination angles and different locations of the heater and coolers. The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isosurfaces and Nusselt numbers for different values of parameter involved here. It is recognized that the inclination of the box and the locations of the coolers strongly influence the stream and energy transport inside the enclosed domain. Research limitations/implications The present investigation is conducted for steady, laminar, three-dimensional natural convective flow in a box for different locations of cooler and tilting angles of a cavity. The study might be useful to the design of solar collectors, room ventilation systems and electronic cooling systems. Originality/value This work examines the effects of different locations of cooler and tilting angles of a cavity on convective heat transfer in a 3D cavity. The study is useful for thermal engineering applications.

Systematical identification of cell-specificity of CTCF-gene binding based on epigenetic modifications.

The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) mediates transcriptional regulation and implicates epigenetic modifications in cancers. However, the systematically unveiling inverse regulatory relationship between CTCF and epigenetic modifications still remains unclear, especially the mechanism by which histone modification mediates CTCF binding. Here, we developed a systematic approach to investigate how epigenetic changes affect CTCF binding. Through integration analysis of CTCF binding in 30 cell lines, we concluded that CTCF generally binds with higher intensity in normal cell lines than that in cancers, and higher intensity in genome regions closed to transcription start sites. To facilitate the better understanding of their associations, we constructed linear mixed-effect models to analyze the effects of the epigenetic modifications on CTCF binding in four cancer cell lines and six normal cell lines, and identified seven epigenetic modifications as potential epigenetic patterns that influence CTCF binding intensity in promoter regions and six epigenetic modifications in enhancer regions. Further analysis of the effects in different locations revealed that the epigenetic regulation of CTCF binding was location-specific and cancer cell line-specific. Moreover, H3K4me2 and H3K9ac showed the potential association with immune regulation of disease. Taken together, our method can contribute to improve the understanding of the epigenetic regulation of CTCF binding and provide potential therapeutic targets for treating tumors associated with CTCF.

Effect of grid and optimization on improving the electrical performance of compound parabolic concentrator photovoltaic cells

The compound parabolic concentrator photovoltaic (CPC-PV) cell module is composed of two symmetrical mirrors and a crystalline silicon solar cell. In this study, two new CPC-PV cells based on known CPC-PV cell are established by changing the location and number of bus-bar in crystalline silicon solar cell. The effect of different location and number of bus-bar on the electrical performance of CPC-PV cells was investigated. The numerical simulation of three CPC-PV cells is performed using a two-dimensional finite element model. The electrical performance of three CPC-PV cells are compared, and surface voltage distribution, current density and internal current flow of the crystalline silicon solar cell for each CPC-PV cell are analyzed. The results show that compared with the known CPC-PV cell with bus-bar placed on the right side of the crystalline silicon solar cell, the electrical efficiency of the CPC-PV cell when the bus-bar is placed in middle region of the crystalline silicon solar cell is relatively improved by 14.76%. Finally, it is concluded that the bus-bar optimization based on the non-uniform illumination intensity distribution formed by the concentrator will help to improve the electrical performance of the CPC-PV cell.