Effects Of Different Combinations Research Articles

Treatment of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon by Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland: Effects of Different Combinations of Submerged and Free-floating Plants

Treatment of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon by Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland: Effects of Different Combinations of Submerged and Free-floating Plants

Characteristics of Wild Boar-Damaged Farmland and Assessment of Effectiveness of Prevention Measures in Northeast China.

Although wild boar invasion is a common human-wildlife conflict worldwide, it is difficult to solve. Understanding the characteristics of wild boar invasion into farmland, accurately predicting the areas where wild boar invasions will occur, and implementing effective prevention and control measures are key to effectively alleviating conflicts between humans and wild boars. From 2021 to 2023, we conducted field surveys and experimentally determined the effectiveness of prevention and control measures in the Huanan and Tonghe Counties in order to explore the landscape and farmland factors affecting wild boar invasion, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of different combinations of prevention and control measures. The results indicate that the mean patch area, patch area coefficient of variation, and forest type edge density show positive linear correlations with the invaded area, which is positively associated with the presence of ditches and negatively correlated with the existence of electronic fences. Meanwhile, there are non-linear relationships between invasion and the edge density of farmland type, the proportion of forests, the Shannon uniformity index, the proportion of residential areas, the distance from the village, the distance from the forest, and the population density. In particular, the risk of wild boar invasion is higher in the border area between forest and farmland. The loss rate of farmland under the different control measures (compound) was significantly lower than that in the electronic fence group (single) (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, we put forward the following suggestions for the prevention and control of wild boar: (1) widen and deepen the narrow landscape elements around farmland; (2) focus on the border area between forest and farmland; and (3) use compound prevention and control measures. This study provides a comprehensive foundation for future wild boar prevention and control research, and it contributes to the formulation of effective wild boar prevention and control policies worldwide.

Effect of ultrahigh frequency ozone therapy on oxidative metabolism in the blood of rats with ischemic skin flaps: A preclinical experimental randomized study

Background. Maintaining and restoring skin microcirculation in surgical flaps, as well as accelerating rehabilitation after skin flap transplantation, in order to mitigate the consequences of burns and injuries, remain a pressing issue. In addition to various timings and techniques for plastic surgery, physiotherapeutic approaches prove to be efficient and include low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in millimeter waves as their prominent techniques. In recent years, experts have paid an increasing attention to the application of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation across different frequency ranges for the enhancement of microcirculation in patients after surgical correction of burn consequences. However, this approach is yet to be further validated. Objective. To investigate the effect of different combinations of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation with ozone therapy on the oxidative metabolism of blood in rats using a model of ischemic skin flaps. Methods. A preclinical experimental randomized study was conducted on 100 adult male Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250 grams. Five equal-sized groups of animals were formed in the study: Group 1: intact (no interventions), and Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5: after surgical intervention (modeling of ischemic skin flaps). Animals in Group 2 (control group) received no therapeutic procedures. Rats in Groups 3 and 5 underwent a 10-minute course of electromagnetic radiation exposure with a dose of 0.06 mJ for seven days. Animals in Group 3 were exposed to electromagnetic radiation of ultrahigh frequency with a range of 53–78 GHz. Animals in Group 4 received injections of ozonized saline solution (with a saturating ozone concentration in the ozonized oxygen mixture of 3000 µg/L) daily for 7 days, administered intraperitoneally at a volume of 1 mL. Group 5 underwent a combined treatment: daily exposure to ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation along with intraperitoneal ozone therapy (the application modalities of these treatments were similar to those used in Groups 3 and 4, respectively). The intensity of lipid peroxidation, peroxide resistance in erythrocytes, and overall antioxidant system activity were assessed in order to investigate the balance of pro- and antioxidant systems in plasma and erythrocytes. Additionally, the study involved determination of the level of malondialdehyde content and evaluation of the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erythrocytes. The obtained date were analyzed, using MS Office 2013 (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and Statistica 10 (StatSoft, USA). Results. The conducted analysis revealed an antioxidant effect from ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation, with this effect being enhanced by ozone therapy. In addition, the study detected the inhibition of free radical oxidation under the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation and ozone therapy. Conclusion. Thus, the positive effects of the studied therapeutic factors manifest at the systemic level, as evidenced by the optimization of biochemical parameters and indicators of oxidative metabolism in the plasma of animal blood. It has been established that ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation, administered in a noise mode, exerts a regulatory effect on pro- and antioxidant systems in the body, as demonstrated in a model of transplanted skin flap. This intervention leads to a reduction in the severity of oxidative stress and an enhancement of antioxidant reserves in the blood. The observed effect is further amplified with the additional application of ozone therapy.

Combinations of physical and cognitive training for subcortical neurodegenerative diseases with physical, cognitive and behavioral symptoms: a systematic review.

The onset of the symptoms of subcortical NDs is due to a unique part of the brain which strengthens the idea of reciprocal influence of physical activity and cognitive training in improving clinical symptoms. Consequently, protocols combining the two stimulations are becoming increasingly popular in NDs. Our threefold aim was to (A) describe the different combinations of physical and cognitive training used to alleviate the motor and cognitive symptoms of patients with subcortical neurodegenerative disorders, (B) compare the effects of these different combinations (sequential, dual tasking, synergical) on symptoms, and (C) recommend approaches for further studies. We conducted literature searches of PubMed, BASE and ACM, to carry out a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and controlled trials of combined physical and cognitive training among patients with Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lewy body dementia, spinocerebellar ataxia, Friedreich's ataxia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Physical, neuropsychological, behavioral outcomes were considered. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to verify the critical appraisal. Twenty-one studies focused on Parkinson's disease with 940 participants were included. Despites promising benefits on cognitive and physical function, our results revealed discrepant findings for research on combined training. Inconsistencies were linked to the choice of tests, the functions that were targeted, disease progression, and trainings. There was a dearth of follow-up data. Differences between combined training are unclear, particularly regarding the role of cognitive load. Future studies should focus on comparing the feasibility, tolerability, and effectiveness of different combinations of motor-cognitive training.

Co-pyrolysis of furniture wood with mixed plastics and waste tyres: assessment of synergistic effect on biofuel yield and product characterization under different blend ratio

Pyrolysis of waste furniture wood, mixed plastics and waste tyres was examined separately and in different combinations from the perspective of improved value products and energy production. The effect of different combinations of furniture wood, plastics and tyres on the product distribution during co-pyrolysis was analyzed. The experimental work throughout this study was performed at a temperature of 500 °C. Prior to the pyrolysis experiments, thermogravimetric analysis was done to assess the thermal degradation behavior of all selected feedstocks. During individual pyrolysis, mixed plastic wastes produced 70.6 wt% of pyrolysis liquid, which is 37.9% and 33.4% more than furniture wood and waste tyres. During co-pyrolysis, a binary blend of mixed plastics and waste tyres produced 63.3 wt% of pyrolysis liquid, which is 7.65% more than the logarithmic mean value, indicating a positive synergistic interaction on liquid production. The liquid yield of the ternary blend was observed to be as low as 54.4 wt% due to the lower volatiles present in the blend. The presence of volatiles in the feedstock is correlated with the production of liquids by individual and co-pyrolysis. For feed-flexible, more efficient, and cleaner operating systems, the increased liquid production offers crucial information. With the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), the impact of different combinations on product characterization was investigated. The characterization study of the pyrolysis liquid obtained from mixed plastics showed the presence of different aromatic and aliphatic compounds. The findings offered viable options for efficiently utilizing waste materials, particularly plastics and tyres to improve the quality and substance of products.

Effectiveness of a Triple Antiarrhythmic Drug Strategy for Arrhythmia Recurrence after Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

Treating recurrent atrial arrhythmias after persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) ablation is often challenging. This single-center, prospective study aimed to observe the effectiveness of different combinations of oral antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in reverting to sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with recurrent atrial arrhythmias after PeAF ablation. Forty-five patients who experienced recurrent atrial arrhythmias after PeAF ablation were included. Based on their medication regimens, patients were divided into two groups, with the study group being a triple-drug group (digoxin combined with amiodarone/ propafenone and β-blocker), and the control group being a non-triple-drug group. The rate of reversion to SR was significantly higher in the study group (n = 29) than in the control group (n = 16) at 3 weeks (34.48% vs. 0%, p<0.01) and 1 month (44.84% vs. 6.25%, p = 0.02) after initiating AADs. No patients with asymptomatic bradycardia were observed in either group. For patients with recurrent atrial arrhythmias after PeAF ablation, a regimen of low-dose digoxin combined with amiodarone/propafenone and β-blocker may effectively improve short-term reversion rates.

Regulatory Effects of the Combinations of Aggregate and Structural Monetary Policy Instruments: an application of New Keynesian DSGE model to China

This paper selects Chinese macroeconomic data from the first quarter of 2009 to the first quarter of 2020 and employs a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that incorporates the financial accelerator mechanism, price stickiness, and invisible government guarantees. The regulatory effects of different combinations of monetary policy instruments are compared from five perspectives: the shock effect of monetary policy, the magnitude of economic volatility of non-monetary policy shocks, the Central Bank loss function, the gap in the distribution of household income, and the heterogeneous firm external financing premium. Our findings indicate that the regulatory effects of the aggregate price-based and structural quantity-based monetary policy instrument combination are optimal, a conclusion that is further supported by the robustness test. It is therefore recommended that the Central Bank consider the potential benefits of a combined approach to aggregate and structural monetary policy instruments, with a view to enhancing credit availability for the real economy. This paper represents a significant contribution to the field, as it is the first to explicitly propose four distinct monetary policy instrument combinations, thereby overcoming the limitations of previous studies that have focused on a single instrument or a narrow range of instruments. The paper also contributes to the theoretical understanding of monetary policy instruments.

In-Vessel Aerobic Composting of Organic Waste Using Synthetic and Natural Bulking Agents

The escalating growth in municipal solid waste production underscores the imperative need for efficient waste management, especially given that a substantial portion of MSW comprises biodegradable materials suitable for composting. This study investigates the impacts of using a synthetic bulking agent (perforated plastic balls) in conjunction with biochar, a natural bulking agent, on the aerobic composting of kitchen waste. The study aim to evaluate the effectiveness of this combined approach in optimizing the composting process. Four trials, each spanning 30 days, were conducted to assess the effects of different combinations of synthetic and natural bulking agents. The study uses a uniform-size perforated synthetic bulking agent in combination with biochar to enhance the composting process. Results indicate that incorporating the perforated plastic balls (8% by weight) alongside biochar significantly influenced key composting parameters. This approach accelerated the initial rise in temperature to 55°C, enhanced the reduction of total organic carbon, improved total Kjeldahl nitrogen retention, and facilitated the achievement of optimal carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratios ranging from 19 to 20. Furthermore, the analysis of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) loss during composting revealed that potassium is more susceptible to leaching than phosphorus due to its higher mobility. The study concludes that the addition of a uniform-size perforated synthetic bulking agent, constituting 8% (by weight), in conjunction with a natural bulking agent, effectively enhances the composting process.

Can soluble organic fertilizers and/or manure reach the agronomic and environmental performance of synthetic fertilizers in drip‐fertigated crops?

AbstractThe substitution of synthetics by organic fertilizers, which is the current pillar of circular economy, has been broadly evaluated. However, varying results were obtained on nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions as well as crop yields. Besides, in irrigated semi‐arid croplands, drip fertigation has been suggested to be an effective practice for mitigating N2O and NO emissions while maintaining or enhancing agronomic performance. However, the promising combination of drip fertigation and organic fertilization remains poorly studied. By setting up melon (Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize (Zea mays L.) during 2023, we aimed to evaluate the effect of different combinations of nitrogen (N) fertilizers: control without N fertilization, 100% of the N rate as solid manure (100OrM), 50% of the N rate as solid manure and 50% as urea (50OrM–50Syn), 50% of the N rate as solid manure and 50% as soluble organic (50OrM–50OrS), 100% of the N rate as urea (100Syn) and 100% of the N rate as soluble organic (100OrS). Urea and soluble organic fertilizers were supplied via drip fertigation. N‐oxides (N2O and NO), methane (CH4) and ecosystem respiration (CO2) fluxes, mineral N (ammonium [NH4+] and nitrate [NO3−]), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and crop parameters were analysed. As regards N2O, no differences were observed between treatments in melon crop, whereas in maize crop, the cumulative emissions were the highest in 100OrM, followed by 50OrM–50Syn. Regarding NO cumulative emissions, in the melon crop were significantly lower in 50OrM–50Syn and 50OrM–50OrS between 34%–54%, compared with 100OrM and 100Syn. In the maize crop, the highest cumulative NO emission was also detected in solid manure treatment. The agronomic response of melon to N fertilization was only detected for total soluble solids (with maximum values in the 100Syn treatment). The combination of solid manure and top‐dressing urea or soluble organic fertilizer prevented the penalties in N use efficiency, which were observed in 100Syn and 100OrS. Therefore, the combination of conventional solid manure at seeding and soluble organic fertilizer at dressing (applied by drip fertigation) was the most sustainable strategy from agronomic and environmental viewpoints in Mediterranean irrigated agroecosystems.

Different Combinations of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources Influence the Growth and Postbiotic Metabolite Characteristics of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Malaysian Foods.

Postbiotic metabolites produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains isolated from Malaysian food have been extensively reported for their positive effects on health. Understanding the effects of different combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth and corresponding characteristics of postbiotic metabolites produced by different strains of L. plantarum is important for various applications. Hence, the effects of different combinations of carbon (glucose, lactose, sucrose and dextrose) and nitrogen (X-SEED Kat, X-SEED Peptone, X-SEED Nucleo Advanced, Nucel875 MG, FM888 and FM902) sources on the growth of six strains of L. plantarum (RG11, RG14, RI11, RS5, TL1 and UL4) and the functional characteristics (bacteriocin inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity and lactic acid concentration) of their respective postbiotic metabolites were investigated in this study. UL4 produced the highest viable cell population with sucrose and Nucel875 nitrogen source. The UL4 strain also produced the strongest bacteriocin inhibitory activity with dextrose and FM888 nitrogen source. In comparison, the RI11 strain produced the highest lactic acid concentration with dextrose and Nucel875 nitrogen source and the highest reducing power of RS5 and TL1 postbiotic metabolites was achieved with MRS medium. In the combination of sucrose and X-Seed KAT nitrogen source, RG14 produce the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The effects of different combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources on the viable cell population of L. plantarum strains and the respective functional characteristics of postbiotic metabolites were strain dependent. The current study also revealed that fermentation media were an important factor that greatly impacted the functionalities of postbiotic metabolites due to the presence of various bioactive compounds that contributed to high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The results of this study will facilitate the subsequent medium design and optimisation for the development and production of specific postbiotic metabolites produced by the respective L. plantarum strain for their applications in various industries.

Effect of different combinations of feed material of cattle dung with kitchen waste on growth rate of earthworm Eutyphoeus waltoni Michaelsen

In this study the effect of different combinations of animal dung (buffalo, cow, and goat) with kitchen wastes (vegetable wastes and banana peels) on the growth rate of Eutyphoeus waltoni during vermicomposting has been investigated. To identify the most potential feed material combination for enhancement of earthworm growth, the experiment was conducted using different combination of animal dung with kitchen waste as well as dung alone. Significant growth rate of Eutyphoeus waltoni was observed in all the binary combinations of animal dung with vegetable waste and banana peels whereas; the maximum growth rate was observed in the combination of buffalo dung and vegetable waste present in (1:1) ratio. It may be due to the balanced nutrient profile provided by the mixture, which enhances the decomposition process and creates an ideal environment for earthworm growth. The feed material combination of buffalo dung and vegetable waste in (1:1) ratio is suitable for better growth and development of earthworm Eutyphoeus waltoni which not only enhances the growth rate of earthworm but also contribute to efficient waste management by converting organic waste into nutrient-rich vermicompost.

Role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Increasing studies have investigated the link between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior with venous thromboembolism (VTE) but the existing findings are not consistent and the independent relationship is uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the shape of dose-response relationship between PA and sedentary behavior with VTE and further explore whether the relationship is independent after mutual adjustment. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception to August 1, 2024. PA exposures were converted into MET-h/wk. Categorical meta-analyses and a cubic spline model were performed to evaluate the association between PA, sedentary behavior and VTE. Twenty-five articles including 31 studies were included. A curvilinear dose-response relationship between PA and VTE was observed, with steeper gradients even at lower PA levels. After adjustment for sedentary behavior, higher level of PA was independently associated with a reduced VTE risk (OR = 0.83, 95%CI:0.77–0.89). Based on population attributable fraction analyses, 2.37% (95%CI: 1.90-2.85%) of incident VTE could have been prevented if all adults had achieved half the PA minimum recommended level. A linear dose-response relationship between sedentary behavior and VTE risk was found, and there was a 2% higher risk of VTE (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00-1.03) for 1 h increment of sedentary behavior per day. After adjustment for PA, sedentary behavior was independently associated with an increased VTE risk (OR = 1.19, 95CI%:1.01–1.39). Our analyses demonstrated PA and sedentary time were indeed independently associated with the risk of VTE after mutually adjusting for sedentary time or PA, highlighting a unique perspective on their individual contributions. Further studies assessing the effects of different combinations of PA and sedentary time for assessing joint effects on VTE are needed.

Leaf and soil nutritional composition of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) as influenced by organic nutrients amended with biofertilizer consortium

The use of organic nutrient regimes is regarded as holistic and ecological approach for agricultural sustainability. It offers improved soil health, increased crop growth and enhanced fruit quality, whilst minimizing costs and sustaining the use of natural resources. The present investigation was conducted over two consecutive seasons, viz. 2021–22 and 2022–23 at Mizoram University, Aizawl, India to study the effect of different combinations of organic manures along with consortium of biofertilizers on leaf and soil characteristics of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). The investigation comprises of fourteen treatments of various combinations of organic manures along with consortium of biofertilizers, viz. farmyard Manure (FYM) vermicompost (VC) pig manure (PIM), poultry manure (POM), Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB), and vesicular arbascular mycorrhiza (VAM). The results demonstrated that the use of organic amendments in combination with biofertilizers enhanced leaf nutrient status as well soil properties in the passion fruit orchard. Among the different treatment combinations used in the investigation, POM + Azospirillum + PSB + KSB + VAM was the most efficient in improving the leaf and soil nutrient status of passion fruit. This consortium may achieve high microbial load, high nutrient availability for soil which results in better growth of the crop. This treatment may therefore be recommended as an alternative option to meet the demand for long term maintenance of soil fertility as well agro-ecosystem conservation and sustainability.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health, Soil Quality, and Production of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.).

The integrated application of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and biofertilizers helps sustainthe nutrient pool and benefits the soil quality, thereby boosting plant health. The effect of different combinations of biofertilizers (consortium biofertilizer [CBF]-non-rhizobial PGPR), inorganicfertilizers, and organic fertilizers on soil health, growth, and yield of cowpea was evaluated by conducting a field experiment. The application of N100FYM + CBF resulted in significantly higher populations of bacteria, fungi, PSB, and diazotroph, as well as soil dehydrogenaseand alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. However, the application of N100 FYM recorded a significantly higher actinomycetes population. The application of N100 FYM + CBF resulted in significantly higher soil OC, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The soil pH was recorded to be highest in control, and soil EC was recorded to be lowest in control. The plant uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was significantly higher with N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. The root-shoot biomass, number of leaves, nodules/plant, number of pods/plants, pod biomass, pod length, and pod width were significantly higher in treatment having N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. However, the height of the plant, number of branches, and biomass of leaves werehighest in treatment with N25 FYM + NP75 + CBF. The pod and stover yield were significantly higher in treatment with N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. The results showed that the integrated application of non-rhizobial PGPR along with organic and inorganic fertilizer helps to improve overall soil health, quality, and plant growth of forage cowpea contributing to an increase in crop yield.

The Combined Delivery of the Vegf, Ang, and Gdnf Genes Stimulates Angiogenesis and Improves Post-Ischemic Innervation and Regeneration in Skeletal Muscle.

In this study, the effects of different combinations of the genes Vegf, Ang, and Gdnf injected both using direct virus-mediated injection (adenovirus, Ad5) and umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBCs) on the processes of stimulation of post-ischemic innervation, angiogenesis, and regeneration in skeletal muscle were investigated in a rat hindlimb chronic ischemia model. It was shown that more pronounced stimulation of angiogenesis and restoration of post-ischemic innervation were achieved both in the early (28 days post-ischemia, dpi) and late (42 dpi) terms of the experiment in the calf muscle when UCBCs delivered the combination of Ad5-Vegf and Ad5-Ang compared to the direct injection of the same vector combination into the area of ischemia. At the same time, the inclusion of Ad5-Gdnf in the combination of Ad5-Vegf and Ad5-Ang directly injected or administered by UCBCs provided a significant increase in the number of centronuclear muscle fibers, indicating stimulation of post-ischemic reparative myogenesis. This study allowed us to determine the most effective gene combinations for angiogenesis and neurogenesis, which, in the future, may serve as the basis for the development of gene and gene cell products for the treatment of chronic lower limb ischemia.

Analysis of noise reduction in natural gas pressure-boosted power generation equipment

Abstract To address the issue of excessive noise from the natural gas pressure-boosted power generation equipment, this paper conducts a noise analysis on the equipment at a natural gas purification plant in the Southwest oil and gas field. It identifies the primary sources and mechanisms contributing to the noise from the pressure-boosted power generation equipment. The paper clarifies the effectiveness of the existing noise control measures. It proceeds to conduct indoor experimental research on the noise reduction effects of different combinations of sound insulation and absorption materials. It selects optimal noise reduction strategies suitable for different frequency spectra of noise sources and proposes recommendations for noise reduction measures. Additionally, it employs CadnaA software to simulate and validate the noise reduction effects.

Effects of different combinations of mechanical loading intensity, duration, and frequency on the articular cartilage in mice

BackgroundUnderstanding how healthy articular cartilage responds to mechanical loading is critical. Moderate mechanical loading has positive effects on the cartilage, such as maintaining cartilage homeostasis. The degree of mechanical loading is determined by a combination of intensity, frequency, and duration; however, the best combination of these parameters for knee cartilage remains unclear. This study aimed to determine which combination of intensity, frequency, and duration provides the best mechanical loading on healthy knee articular cartilage in vitro and in vivo.Methods and resultsIn this study, 33 male mice were used. Chondrocytes isolated from mouse knee joints were subjected to different cyclic tensile strains (CTSs) and assessed by measuring the expression of cartilage matrix-related genes. Furthermore, the histological characteristics of mouse tibial cartilages were quantified using different treadmill exercises. Chondrocytes and mice were divided into the control group and eight intervention groups: high-intensity, high-frequency, and long-duration; high-intensity, high-frequency, and short-duration; high-intensity, low-frequency, and long-duration; high-intensity, low-frequency, and short-duration; low-intensity, high-frequency, and long-duration; low-intensity, high-frequency, and short-duration; low-intensity, low-frequency, and long-duration; low-intensity, low-frequency, and short-duration. In low-intensity CTSs, chondrocytes showed anabolic responses by altering the mRNA expression of COL2A1 in short durations and SOX9 in long durations. Furthermore, low-intensity, low-frequency, and long-duration treadmill exercises minimized chondrocyte hypertrophy and enhanced aggrecan synthesis in tibial cartilages.ConclusionLow-intensity, low-frequency, and long-duration mechanical loading is the best combination for healthy knee cartilage to maintain homeostasis and activate anabolic responses. Our findings provide a significant scientific basis for exercise and lifestyle instructions.

Effects of Different Combinations of Phytochemical-Rich Fruits and Vegetables on Chronic Disease Risk Markers and Gene Expression Changes: Insights from the MiBLEND Study, a Randomized Trial.

Adequate fruit and vegetable (F and V) intake, as recommended by the World Health Organization (over 400 g/day), is linked to reduced chronic disease risk. However, human intervention trials, especially with whole F and V and in complex combinations, are lacking. The MiBlend Study explored the effects of various phytochemical-rich F and V combinations on chronic disease risk markers, phytochemical absorption, and gene expression in blood. This randomized cross-over study involved participants consuming two of seven different F and V blends for 2 weeks (450 g/day), following a 2-week low F and V intake period (50 g/day). Each blend represented major phytochemical classes (flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and glucosinolates) or combinations thereof. Markers of chronic disease risk, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and retinal microvasculature, were measured. Increasing F and V intake significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity, DNA damage protection, and retinal arteriolar dilation. Flavonoid-rich, carotenoid-rich, and complex blends notably reduced DNA damage susceptibility. Anthocyanin-rich and carotenoid-rich interventions were most effective in boosting antioxidant capacity, while blends high in flavonoids, especially combined with anthocyanins, significantly improved retinal microvasculature. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in DNA repair, signal transduction, and transcription processes, indicating mechanisms for these health benefits. The study suggests specific F and V blends can provide targeted health improvements, emphasizing the importance of both overall F and V intake and the specific phytochemical composition for personalized preventive strategies.

The Effect of the Initiator/Activator/Accelerator Ratio on the Degree of Conversion, Film Thickness, Flow, and Cytotoxicity of Dual-Cured Self-Adhesive Resin Cements.

Although self-adhesive resin cements are convenient and less technique-sensitive materials for dental clinicians, they exhibit a lower degree of conversion due to acidic components in their composition. Supplementation of the initiator, accelerator, and activator in self-adhesive resin cements has been suggested to compensate for the lower degree of conversion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different combinations of self-curing initiators, self-curing activators, and accelerators on the degree of conversion (DC) of self-adhesive resin cements. A dual-cured self-adhesive resin was prepared using six combinations of initiators, activators, and accelerators. The change in the DC over time was evaluated with and without light curing. The film thickness, flow properties, and cytotoxicity of each formulation were assessed. The results showed that all supplemental components had an effect on increasing the DC, but a greater increase in the DC was observed in the following order: activator, accelerator, and initiator. The cytotoxicity of the resin cements was related to the DC values, as resin cements with lower DC values exhibited higher cytotoxicity. The film thickness met the ISO standards for all groups. The results suggest that utilizing an activator is the most effective approach to enhance the DC in self-adhesive resin cement and that cytotoxicity tended to increase with lower DC values, whereas film thickness and flow properties demonstrated no correlation with DC values.

Effects of different exercise types and cycles on pain and quality of life in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

To determine the effect of different combinations of different exercise modalities with different training cycles on the improvement of quality of life and pain symptoms in breast cancer patients. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were searched through a computer network with a search deadline of 23 August 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and performed methodological quality assessment of the included literature, and then performed the corresponding statistical analyses and graphing using stata17.0. Thirty-six randomized control trial (RCT) studies involving 3003 participants and seven exercise modalities were included. Most of the exercise modalities improved patients' quality of life compared to usual care, with long-term aerobic combined with resistance exercise [SMD = 0.83,95% CI = 0.34,1.33,p = 0.001] and YOGA [SMD = 0.61,95% CI = 0.06,1.16,p = 0.029] treatments having a significant effect. For pain and fatigue-related outcome indicators, the treatment effect was not significant for all exercise modalities included in the analysis compared to the control group, but tended to be beneficial for patients. Long-term aerobic combined with resistance exercise was the most effective in improving quality of life and fatigue status in breast cancer patients, and aerobic exercise was more effective in improving pain symptoms in breast cancer patients.