Effects Of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides Research Articles

Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide and herbal essential oil blend supplementation on performance and oxidative stability of eggs and liver in laying hens

The role of dietary supplemental mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and an essential oil blend (EOB) on performance of laying hens, and susceptibility of egg yolk and hen liver to lipid oxidation were examined. Four hundred and thirty-two 52-week old Lohmann laying hens were divided into three groups and fed a basal diet containing no antioxidant as control (CNT), basal diet plus 1 g/kg MOS and basal diet with 24 mg/kg EOB, for a 10-week experimental period. Supplementation of diet with MOS and EOB improved egg production rate and eggshell weight, but did not influence other performance or egg quality traits. MOS and EOB provided higher antioxidant activity in egg yolk than the control regimen at all storage time periods. EOB also retained the oxidative stability of liver by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Liver antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), were higher in birds fed the additives. MOS and EOB tended to increase serum glucose concentration (6.2% and 8.8%, respectively) while they slightly decreased triglycerides (11.0% and 4.8%, respectively) without affecting cholesterol level. Relative weight of pancreas and spleen were not affected by dietary treatments whereas diet supplemented with EOB significantly increased liver weight. The findings of this study suggest that EOB and MOS could act as free radical scavengers that enhance performance and also increase eggshell weight.

Effects of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide on Survival, Growth, Physiological Condition, and Immunological Responses of Marron, Cherax tenuimanus (Smith 1912)

The efficacy of dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) (Bio‐Mos®, Aqua Grade; Alltech, Lexington, KY, USA) was evaluated on survival, growth, physiological and immunological parameters of marron, Cherax tenuimanus. Marron were fed six different isonitrogenous and isocalorific diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8% of MOS for a duration of 112 d and examined for survival and growth every 28 d. Physiological and immunological indicators were measured every 56 d. After 112 d, survival was the highest when marron were fed 0.2 and 0.4% MOS supplemented diets. Wet tail muscle index (TMIwet) and dry tail muscle index (TMIdry) of marron fed MOS supplemented diets were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than marron fed diet without MOS. Osmoregulatory capacity was highest in marron fed 0.4% MOS. Marron fed MOS supplemented diets had lower (P < 0.05) bacteraemia than marron fed diet without MOS. Hemolymph clotting time was the lowest and granular cells were the highest in marron fed 0.2 and 0.4% MOS. The results suggest that feeding 0.2–0.4% MOS in the diet increases the health status of marron.

Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on the survival, growth, immunity and digestive enzyme activity of freshwater crayfish, Cherax destructor Clark (1936)

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Bio-Mos® as a source of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth, survival, immunity and digestive enzyme activity of freshwater crayfish, Cherax destructor (yabby). A basal diet and another diet with 0.4% of Bio-Mos® supplemented to the basal diet were formulated. Each diet was provided to eight yabbies (35.14 ± 0.48 g, initial weight) replicated 3 times in individual 250-L plastic cylindrical tanks for a duration of 56 days. Each tank was provided with an independent recirculating water system filtered with a biological filtration. Growth parameters such as weight, specific growth rate and average weekly gain of Bio-Mos®-fed yabbies were higher (P < 0.05) than yabbies fed the control diet. Total haemocyte count, granular cells and semi-granular cells were also higher in the yabbies fed Bio-Mos® diet. Protease activity was higher in hepatopancreas, and amylase activity was higher in the guts of yabbies fed Bio-Mos® diet. The results implies that supplementation of MOS through Bio-Mos® can effectively improve growth and immunological condition of yabbies.

A preliminary study on the use of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) in freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 juvenile diets

The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the survival and growth of Astacus leptodactylus juveniles were evaluated. Experimental diets were prepared by using supplementation of 0 (Control), 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 g MOS kg−1 commercial trout larvae diet containing 43 g kg−1 protein and 15.74 g kg−1 lipid. A. leptodactylus juvenile with an average total length of 3.6 ± 0.46 cm (TL) and average weight of 1.25 ± 0.43 g was stocked in 0.2-m2 aquariums at a rate of 50 crayfish/m2 and reared for 60 days at 22.8°C. The experiment consisted of four treatments with three replicates each. Each aquarium contained ten crayfish. Crayfish juvenile fed with 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 MOS attained 6.15 ± 0.49, 5.94 ± 0.29, 7.34 ± 0.39, and 5.94 ± 0.27 cm final total length and 50, 56.67, 46.67, and 50% survival rates, respectively. Moreover, molting frequencies in 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 g kg−1 MOS groups were detected as 44.44, 61.11, 83.33, and 38.88%, respectively. At the end of the experiment, a general enhanced growth performance (P 0.05) in percentage moisture, protein, and ash (wet-weight basis) in the tail meat of A. leptodactylus juvenile among treatments (diet) that averaged 82.3, 16.1, and 1.2%, respectively. However, lipid value was significantly different among the diets P < 0.05), with values between 0.13 and 0.32. From the current results, it could be advised to use MOS at the rate of 3.0 g kg−1 in A. leptodactylus juvenile diets.

Effects of mannan oligosaccharide dietary supplementation on performances of the tropical spiny lobsters juvenile ( Panulirus ornatus, Fabricius 1798)

The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) (Bio-Mos ®, Alltech, USA) on the growth, survival, physiology, bacteria and morphology of the gut and immune response to bacterial infection of tropical rock lobsters ( Panulirus ornatus) juvenile were investigated. Dietary inclusion level of MOS at 0.4% was tested against the control diet (trash fish) without MOS inclusion. At the end of 56 days of rearing period, a challenged test was also conducted to evaluate the bacterial infection resistant ability of the lobsters fed the two diets. Lobster juvenile fed MOS diet attained 2.86 ± 0.07 g of total weigh and 66.67 ± 4.76% survival rate which were higher ( P < 0.05) than the lobsters fed control diet (2.35 ± 0.14 g total weight and 54.76 ± 2.38% survival rate, respectively) thus providing the higher ( P < 0.05) specific growth rate (SGR) and average weekly gain (AWG) of lobsters fed MOS diet. Physiological condition indicators such as wet tail muscle index (Tw/B), wet hepatosomatic index (Hiw) and dry tail muscle index (Td/B) of the lobsters fed MOS supplemented diet were higher ( P < 0.05) than that of the lobsters fed the control diet. Bacteria in the gut (both total aerobic and Vibrio spp.) and gut's absorption surface indicated by the internal perimeter/external perimeter ratio were also higher ( P < 0.05) when the lobsters were fed MOS diet. Lobsters fed MOS diet were in better immune condition showed by higher THC and GC, and lower bacteraemia. Survival, THC, GC were not different among the lobsters fed either MOS or control diet after 3 days of bacterial infection while bacteraemia was lower in the lobsters fed MOS diet. After 7 days of bacterial infection the lobsters fed MOS diet showed higher survival, THC, GC and lower bacteraemia than the lobsters fed the control diet. The experimental trial demonstrated the ability of MOS to improve the growth performance, survival, physiological condition, gut health and immune responses of tropical spiny lobsters juveniles.

Performance, intestinal microflora, and blood constituents in finishing turkeys fed diets supplemented with dietary mannan oligosaccharide and live yeast

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) in finishing turkeys’ diets on performance, intestinal microflora, duodenal viscosity and pH, and blood constituents. A total of seventy-two, Big6, 10-week-old, male poults were divided into three dietary treatments and eight replicate pens per treatment. Treatments including the following: 1. basal diet (control - C, no additive), 2. addition of MOS 1 g per kg basal diet, and 3. SC 1 g per kg (strain SC47, 300 × 10 10 CFU/kg) basal diet. The treatments did not affect body weight, duodenal viscosity, and pH. The daily feed intake (P 0.05).

Effect of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide from Bio-Mos or SAF-Mannan on Live Performance of Broiler Chickens

A 42-d broiler pen trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) from either of 2 commercial products, Bio-Mos (Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) or SAF-Mannan (S. I. LeSaffre, Cedex, France) each at 2 levels of inclusion on live performance. The MOS, derived from the outer portion of yeast cell walls, is reported to have several beneficial modes of action including 1) pathogen adsorption (agglutination); 2) improved intestinal integrity (e.g., villi height); and 3) immune modulation. Diets were fed in 3 phases, and treatments included a control, 2 Bio-Mos treatments (1.0 kg/ton in starter and 0 or 0.5 kg/ton in grower and finisher feeds), and 2 SAF-Mannan treatments (0.5 kg/ton in starter and 0 or 0.5 kg/ton in grower and finisher feeds), according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Birds fed Bio-Mos at 1.0/0.5/0.5 (starter/grower/finisher) kg/ton diets had significantly greater BW at 42 d than birds fed control or SAF-Mannan-supplemented diets, whereas results for the Bio-Mos 1.0/0/0 kg/ton diets were intermediate. Supplementation of diets with Bio-Mos at 1.0/0.5/0.5 kg/ton may improve broiler BW at market ages compared with the unsupplemented diets. Feed consumption was lower from 0 to 21 d in the SAF-Mannan treatments compared with other treatments. No significant differences were found for feed conversion or mortality for any of the treatments. Overall, Bio-Mos had a greater effect on bird BW compared with the other variables measured.

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal‐based diets

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given a corn or a wheat-based diet over a 21-day experimental period. Dietary MOS improved the growth performance of birds given the wheat-based diet compared to that of birds given the corn-based diet during 7-21 days of age. In line with this, the ileal digestibility of starch was increased by MOS at 21 days of age. The addition of MOS modulated the development of gut microflora. From day 7 to day 21, the numbers of mucosa-associated coliforms along the small intestine were decreased; whereas the numbers of mucosa-associated lactobacilli were increased by MOS, regardless of the cereal type in the diets. Dietary MOS also reduced the counts of coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the caeca of birds by 21 days of age. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected by MOS but the crypt depth and the muscularis thickness were reduced. The specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase were increased in birds given the MOS-supplemented diet; whereas the development of leucine aminopeptidase was delayed by MOS. All these changes in the mucosal morphology and function were dependent on the type of cereal and/or the age of the birds.

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on performance, some blood parameters, IgG levels and antibody response of lambs to parenterally administered E. coli O157:H7

Forty-eight male lambs were used to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) with or without parenteral Escherichia coli injection on their growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, blood metabolites, total serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and antibody response. Lambs were randomly assigned to four groups of 12 animals each. In groups C (control) and CE (E. coli challenged), animals were fed commercial concentrate pellets and hay (50:50), and in groups M (MOS) and ME (MOS+E. coli challenged), animals were fed commercial concentrate pellets including MOS at 0.2% and hay (50:50). At day 15 and 30, animals in groups CE and ME were injected subcutaneously with 1 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) suspension containing 106 cfu of heat inactivated non-toxigenic E. coli O157:H7, while animals in C and M groups were injected subcutaneously with 1 ml of PBS. The experimental period was 45 days. Data indicated that body weight of lambs at the end of the study were statistically non-significant among the groups. Blood metabolites, i.e. total protein, albumin, calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not affected significantly by MOS supplementation. However, administration E. coli lowered (p < 0.05) total protein, albumin and calcium concentrations in the serum on day 30. The IgG level was not different between groups. However, on day 45, the total IgG level was found to be higher (p < 0.05) in lambs that had received MOS and E. coli than in other groups. Application of MOS did not have any effect on the antibody response to E. coli as OD values.

Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on growth, body composition and hepatopancreas histology of Penaeus semisulcatus (de Haan 1844)

The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, body composition and hepatopancreas histology of Penaeus semisulcatus (postlarvae stage 20) were investigated for 48 days. Different dosages of MOS (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g MOS kg )1 ) were tested in triplicate groups. Shrimp postlarvae averaging 0.34 ± 0.01 g attained 1.52 ± 0.31, 1.51 ± 0.15, 2.18 ± 0.13, 1.57 ± 0.13-g final weight and 42.7 ± 2.7, 37.3 ± 1.3, 64.0 ± 6.9, 50.7 ± 4.8% survival, respectively. At the end of the study, generally enhanced growth performance and feed conversion ratio were observed in shrimp fed on diet containing 3.0 g kg )1 MOS with the highest final live weight (2.18 ± 0.13 g) and survival rate (64.0 ± 6.9%) after 48 days of feeding. The protein contents in the whole body decreased with increasing rates of dietary MOS (P < 0.05). Different levels of dietary MOS used in this study showed no detrimental effects on hepatopancreas tissue judged by histological screening. In conclusion, 3.0 g kg )1 MOS could be used as a healthy growth promoter in shrimp diets.

Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, body composition, and intestine and liver histology of the hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x 0. aureus)

This is the first study on the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, body composition, and intestine and liver histology of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus). Experimental diets were prepared from commercial trout diet, supplemented with MOS at levels of 0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 g MOS/kg feed and randomly assigned to triplicate groups. At the end of the trial, there were no significant differences between treatment groups (p&gt;0.05) in growth parameters (live weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficien- cy ratio) or body indices (hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic). Dry matter and protein contents increased with increasing rates of dietary MOS (p&lt;0.05) while the mean villi length of fish fed the diet containing 1.5‰ MOS was significantly longer (p&lt;0.05) than that of the fish fed 4.5‰ dietary MOS. The different levels of dietary MOS had no detrimental effects on liver tissue or general fish health.

Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and an antimicrobial product in nursery diets on performance of pigs reared on three different farms1

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and a feed-grade antimicrobial (AM) on growth performance of nursery pigs reared on three different farms (A and B were large-scale commercial farms, and C was located at Michigan State University). On all farms, production was continuous flow by building, but all-in/all-out by room. Within each nursery facility, all pigs on the experiment were in one room. Pigs (Farm A, n = 771, weaning age = 18.4 d; Farm B, n = 576, weaning age = 19.0 d; Farm C, n = 96, weaning age = 20.6 d) were blocked (within farm) by BW and sex and allotted randomly to dietary treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial. The two factors were 1) with and without MOS (0.3% in Phase I, 0.2% in Phases II, III, and IV; as-fed basis) and 2) with and without AM (110 mg of tylosin and 110 mg of sulfamethazine/kg of diet in all phases; as-fed basis). The four nursery phases were 4, 7, 14, and 17 d, respectively. With 35, 20, and 4 pigs per pen on Farms A, B, and C, respectively, space allowances per pig were 0.29, 0.26, and 0.56 m2. Across all farms, the addition of AM and MOS plus AM increased (P < 0.05) ADG (368, 406, and 410 g/d for control, AM, and MOS plus AM, respectively and increased ADFI (661, 703, and 710 g/d for control, AM, and MOS plus AM, respectively) for the entire 42-d experiment. The addition of MOS also increased ADG (P < 0.05) from d 0 to 42 of the experiment (394 g/d). Performance differed depending on farm (P < 0.01). Antimicrobial did not affect growth performance on Farm B, but it increased (P < 0.05) ADG on Farms A and C, ADFI on Farm A, and G:F on Farm C. Growth improvements with MOS on Farms A and B were not significant; however, pigs on Farm C fed MOS had greater (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F than controls. The results of this study suggest that MOS may be an alternative to tylosin and sulfa-methazine as a growth promotant in nursery diets.

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on performance of Japanese quail affected by aflatoxicosis

The potential of the yeast component, mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) to ameliorate the effects of aflatoxicosis was examined in growing Japanese quail. The product was incorporated in the diet at 1 g/kg and was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 82.30% AFB1, 2.06% AFB2, 7.68% AFG1 and 7.96% AFG2)/kg diet on Japanese quail chicks from 10 to 45 days of age. Forty 10-d old Japanese quail chicks were assigned in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments to four groups (Control, AF, MOS, AF plus MOS), each consisting of 10 quails. The addition of AF alone significantly decreased feed consumption and body weight gain from the first week onwards. A significant adverse effect of AF on the feed conversion ratio was also observed from week 4 onwards. The addition of MOS to the AF-containing diet significantly reduced these adverse effects of AF on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The cumulative body weight gain was 22.0% lower in the quails consuming a diet containing AF without MOS as compared to the control group. However, it was only 2.3% lower that the control in the birds fed the diet containing the AF plus MOS. Key Words: Aflatoxin, Mannanoligosaccharide, Quail, Preventive effect South African Journal of Animal Science Vol.34(3) 2004: 144-148

Effects of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide, Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate, or Both on the Live Performance and Intestinal Microbiology of Turkeys

Hybrid male turkeys were fed to 18 wk of age in a completely randomized design with 10 replicate pens (18 birds each) per treatment to compare growth promoters. Four dietary treatments were used: negative control (CON), bacitracin methylene disalicyate (BMD) at 55 mg/kg to 6 wk and 27.5 mg/kg thereafter, mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) at 0.1% to 6 wk and 0.05% thereafter, and BMD and MOS at concentrations listed above. There were 3 toms/m2 (3.59 ft2/tom) on fresh pine shavings inoculated with used litter. A 6-phase feeding program was used, with crumbles the first 3 wk and pellets thereafter. At wk 6 and 18, one bird per pen was killed, and the large intestinal microbial populations, after being frozen, were enumerated (i.e., bifidobacteria, Clostridium perfringens, coliforms, enterococci, Escherichia coli, lactobacilli, and total anerobes).Body weights at wk 18 were as follows: CON, 11.87 kg; BMD, 12.46 kg; MOS: 12.56 kg; and BMD + MOS, 12.79 kg. The BMD and MOS turkeys were (P < 0.05) heavier than CON birds, and those fed the combination were significantly heavier than all other treatments. At wk 18, BMD + MOS feed conversion ratio of 2.66 was significantly lower than CON at 3.00 with BMD and MOS being intermediate (2.83 and 2.79, respectively). Mortality was not affected by treatment. The BMD and MOS each reduced large intestinal concentrations of Clostridium perfringens (log transformed data analysis) at wk 6 but not at wk 18. The BMD or MOS each improved turkey performance, and when used together, exhibited further beneficial effects.