Effects Of Dietary Calcium Deficiency Research Articles

Effect of dietary calcium deficiency and altered diet hardness on the jawbone growth: A micro-CT and bone histomorphometric study in rats

ObjectivesWe examined the effects of a low-calcium diet and altered diet hardness on bone architecture and metabolism in the maxilla and mandible. Materials and methodsMale rats (n=48, 3 weeks old) were divided into six groups. In total, 24 rats were given a normal-calcium diet and the others were given a low-calcium diet. Each group was then divided into three subgroups, which were fed a ‘hard̕ diet for 8 weeks, a ‘soft̕ die for 8 weeks, or switched from the soft diet after 4 weeks to the hard diet for 4 weeks. The bone architecture was analyzed using cephalometry and micro-computed tomography, in addition, the bone metabolism was analyzed using serum bone markers and bone histomorphometry in the maxilla and mandible. Moreover, the bone formation patterns were evaluated using histopathologically in the midpalatal suture. ResultsThe low-calcium diet affected bone architecture by increasing bone turnover and the soft diet affected bone architecture mainly by increasing bone resorption. The soft diet changed the chondrocyte cell layers into fibrous connective tissues in the midpalatal suture. At 4 weeks after the return to a hard diet from a soft diet, recovery of the deterioration in bone architectures was seen in the maxilla and mandible. ConclusionsWe demonstrated that mastication with a hard diet is effective for recovering the collapsed equilibrium of jaw bone turnover and the deteriorating jaw bone architectures due to the poor masticatory function during the growing period.

Dietary calcium deficiency in laying ducks impairs eggshell quality by suppressing shell biomineralization.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary calcium deficiency on the process of shell formation. Four hundred and fifty female ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) at 22 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups. Ducks were fed one of two calcium-deficient diets (containing 1.8% or 0.38% calcium, respectively) or a calcium-adequate control diet (containing 3.6% calcium) for 67 days (depletion period) and then all ducks were fed a calcium-adequate diet for an additional 67 days (repletion period). Compared with the calcium-adequate control, the average shell thickness, egg shell weight, breaking strength, mammillae density and mammillary knob thickness of shell from ducks that consumed the diet with 0.38% calcium were significantly decreased (P<0.05) during the depletion period, accompanied by reduced tibia quality. The mRNA expression of both secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) in the uterus was decreased after feeding calcium-deficient diets (1.8% or 0.38% calcium). mRNA transcripts of calbindin 1 (CALB1), an important protein responsible for calcium transport, and the matrix protein genes ovocalyxin-32 (OCX-32) and ovocleidin-116 (OC-116) were reduced in ducks fed 0.38% calcium but not 1.8% calcium. Plasma estradiol concentration was decreased by both of the calcium-deficient diets (P<0.05). The impaired shell quality and suppressed functional proteins involved in shell formation could be reversed by repletion of dietary calcium. The results of the present study suggest that dietary calcium deficiency negatively affects eggshell quality and microarchitecture, probably by suppressing shell biomineralization.

Effect of dietary calcium deficiency on the cardiac function of broiler chickens based on electro- and echocardiography

To determine the effects of dietary calcium deficiency on the heart function of broiler chickens based on electro- and echocardiography, chicks were reared for 42 days and fed rations with different amounts of calcium. At 28 and 42 days of age, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters were assessed. There were significant reductions of R wave amplitude (leads II and aVR) in the Ca-deficient group II at 42 day of age as compared to the control. S wave amplitudes were decreased in most leads but the decrease was significant (P < 0.05) only at 28 days (lead aVL, Ca-deficient group I) and 42 days (leads III, aVR, aVF, Ca-deficient groups I and II). T wave amplitudes were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at 42 days (leads II, aVR and aVF) in the Ca-deficient group II compared to the control group. Variations in QT, ST and RR intervals were insignificant in the Ca-deficient groups compared with the control. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in left ventricular diameter at end-systole and a reduction of left ventricular fractional shortening in the Ca-deficient group II at 28 and 42 days as compared to the controls. Right ventricular fractional shortening was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased only in the Ca-deficient group II at 42 days of age. These results suggest that dose-dependent dietary calcium deficiency alters variations in electro- and echocardiographic parameters which could reflect decreased cardiac function in growing broiler chickens.

Morphological analysis of dentine formation in young rat molars during the recovery phase with calcium alone or combined with xylitol following a low-calcium dietary regimen

The effects of dietary calcium deficiency and subsequent replenishment of the diet with calcium alone or with xylitol were studied. Thirty 3-week-old Wistar rats were labelled with an i.p. tetracycline injection. Twenty rats were fed a diet with 0.026% calcium (Ca-deficient); 10 received a 0.5% Ca diet (controls). After 3 weeks the tetracycline labelling was repeated. Replenishment of the diet was introduced for Ca-deficient rats, and 10 received additional 5% xylitol in the diet. After 4 weeks the labelling was repeated and the animals were decapitated. Dentine formation was measured by the tetracycline stripes in the lower first and second molars. Calcium deficiency during the first 3 weeks reduced dentine formation. In the control and xylitol groups, a much smaller amount of dentine was formed during the recovery period. With Ca alone, dentine formation was faster than in the controls or Ca-xylitol group and did not differ from the Ca-deficient period. These results indicate that in rat molars the odontoblasts can accelerate the rate of dentine formation when calcium is restored to the diet, at least during primary dentinogenesis. This effect was not seen when 5% xylitol was added to the replenishment diet.

Effect of Dietary Calcium Deficiency during Pregnancy on Zinc Mobilization in Intact and Parathyroidectomized Rats

The effects of dietary deprivation of calcium on teratogenicity of zinc deficiency were studied in both intact and parathyroidectomized rats. Intact females fed a diet deficient in both zinc and calcium during pregnancy had larger litters, fewer resorptions, and fewer malformed fetuses than did those fed a diet deficient in zinc alone, In addition, ash, zinc, and calcium contents of maternal bone were reduced. However, alleviation of the teratogenic effects of zinc deficiency by a diet simultaneously lacking calcium did not occur in parathyroidectomized rats. Furthermore, ash, zinc, and calcium concentrations of maternal femur were not decreased in these animals, indicating that they were unable to mobilize skeletal calcium or zinc. Thus, intact parathyroid glands are essential for alleviation of the teratogenic effects of zinc deficiency by dietary calcium deficiency. These results provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that conditions bringing about resorption of bone increase the availability of skeletal zinc.

Tracer study on the effect of dietary calcium deficiency during pregnancy in rats.

Tracer study on the effect of dietary calcium deficiency during pregnancy in rats.

Physiology of calcium metabolism.

ArticlesPhysiology of Calcium MetabolismRagnar Nicolaysen, Nicolay Eeg-Larsen, and Ole Jacob MalmRagnar Nicolaysen, Nicolay Eeg-Larsen, and Ole Jacob MalmPublished Online:01 Jul 1953https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1953.33.3.424MoreSectionsPDF (4 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat Previous Back to Top Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByEffect of different concentrations of dietary P and Ca on plasma inorganic P and urinary P excretion using noncolostomized and colostomized broilersPoultry Science, Vol. 97, No. 2TRIENNIAL GROWTH SYMPOSIUM— Vitamin D: Bones and beyond12Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 92, No. 3Historical Overview of Vitamin DCalcium Absorption and Some Properties of the Vitamin D-Dependent Calcium-Binding Protein30 May 2008Transcellular calcium transport in intestinal and renal epithelial cellsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes, Vol. 906, No. 2The multifactorial nature of osteoporosis: The potential of corticosteroid-binding globulin as a unifying regulatorMedical Hypotheses, Vol. 21, No. 4Fluoride Concentrations in Rat and Human Tooth Pulps and Their Possible Interference with Phosphatase Activities8 November 2016 | Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 62, No. 12Stimulation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol production by prolactin and related peptides in intact renal cell preparations in vitroBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - 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