Effect Of Compost Application Research Articles

Developing a Compost Quality Index (CQI) Based on the Electrochemical Quantification of Cd (HA) Reactivity.

The present work demonstrates the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe of the fulvic acids (FAs), humic acids (HAs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) compost extracts. Significant differences were observed between the extracts, with the HA extract showing the highest reactivity. Comparing the different composts, the largest reactivity variation was again observed for HA then FA and finally DOM extracts. The Cd2+ binding extent was used to calculate the quality of composts and compared with a reference of uncomposted organic fertiliser (FLW), leading to the definition of an operational scale of compost quality. The parameter equivalent mass of fertiliser (mEF) was used for this scale sorted the seven composts from 0.353 to 1.09 kg FLW, for compost of sewage sludge (CSS) and vermicompost of domestic waste (CVDW), respectively. The significance of this parameter was verified through a correlation analysis between binding extent and the effect of compost application on lettuce crop growth in a field trial. The results demonstrate the potentiality of FA and HA extracts as markers of compost bioactivity and the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe.

Organic carbon sequestration in Chinese croplands under compost application and its contribution to carbon neutrality.

Achieving the carbon neutrality in China has great impact on alleviating global warming. Compost application, an important measure to promote soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, has been practiced in China since 2015. However, it is still unclear how much carbon can be fixed by cropland soil under compost application in the whole China. China has pledged to strive for the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060, which brought two issues: whether compost application can consistently promote SOC sequestration until 2060, and how much contribution it can make to the carbon neutrality. In the present study, we analyzed the results from 93 literatures to determine the SOC sequestration under compost application in the different agricultural divisions of China. Results showed that there were regional differences in the effect of compost application on SOC sequestration. The annual SOC sequestration in Northern China (NC) and Gansu + Xinjiang (GX) was significantly high than other regions. In addition, the annual SOC sequestration was negatively related to the duration of the experiment, while the accumulative SOC sequestration during the experimental period increased with the increase of the duration. According to our results, the total SOC sequestration in topsoil of Chinese cropland was 85 Tg C year-1 under compost application, which will make a 4.4% contribution to carbon neutrality during 2021-2060. In conclusion, cropland soil in China can still sequester carbon for more than 35years under compost application. Thus, abidingly promoting compost application in China is crucial to accomplishing the carbon neutrality goal.

Diverse compost products influence soil bacterial and fungal community diversity in a potato crop production system

Compost application may be an effective means to rapidly increase soil organic matter, soil quality, and soil microbial community diversity in intensive potato crop production systems. This study compared three contrasting compost products with a no compost control on soil chemical properties and soil bacterial and fungal community composition and diversity. The three composts consisted of municipal source separate waste compost (SSOC), forestry and poultry manure compost (FPMC), and forestry residues waste compost (FRC) with low, medium and high forestry waste percentages in their feedstock, respectively. Soil samples were collected on four dates over 11 months after compost application in October 2014. Soil pH, dissolved organic carbon and readily mineralizable C (respiration) were significantly greater in FPMC- and SSOC-treated soils compared to FRC-treated and control soils. Compost application influenced the relative abundances of several bacterial phyla in soils compared to control soils but not the relative abundances of fungal phyla. Several compost-borne bacterial (average of 383 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)) and fungal (average of 66 OTUs) species could be detected in soil throughout the following growing season after compost product application suggesting that these species succeeded in establishing in soils. The β-diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in soils differed significantly among treatments and sampling dates, indicating that the applied composts resulted in a change in the bacterial and fungal community diversity. Convergence of bacterial community diversity was observed among treatments over time but not for fungal community. The application of diverse compost products clearly changed the soil chemical properties which in turn influenced the bacterial and fungal communities. The effects of compost application on microbial communities were persistent, and could still be observed nearly a year after compost was applied.

Effect of Compost Application at Transplant Stage and before Planting to the Field on Plant Growth and Fruit Yield in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)

ABSTRACT Compost improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. The objectives of the present study were to determine (1) the impact of compost-amended substrate on transplant growth and mineral nutrition and, after transplanting, the effects on plant mineral nutrition and fruit yield in bell pepper and (2) the effects of preplanting compost application to the field on plant mineral nutrition and fruit yield in bell pepper. Trials were conducted at the UGA Tifton Campus and at a grower’s field. Bell pepper transplants were grown in peat-based substrate with compost at different concentrations. Transplants grown in compost-amended substrate had increased vegetative growth and increased leaf nitrogen. These transplants, however, when planted to the field, had marketable and total fruit yields similar to those of transplants grown in non-amended substrates. Field compost application (10 t·ha−1) before planting resulted in increased soil organic matter and increased concentrations of several leaf nutrients in mature plants although there was no impact on fruit yield and fruit nutrients. In conclusion, bell pepper transplants grown in compost-amended substrate had increased vegetative growth, indicating that compost may be a partial substitute for peat in transplant production.

Selection of Parameters for Soil Quality Following Compost Application: A Ranking Method

Intensive agricultural practices with excessive use of chemical fertiliser have led to the deterioration of soil fertility where soil losses its ability to sustain a consistent crop system with high yield. Compost is a potential substitution to chemical fertiliser. As a biological additive, compost can improve soil quality and crop productivity, controlling plant diseases and reduce nutrient loss and water pollution. However, the effect of compost application to enhance the quality of the soil may be inconsistent due to the slow release nature of the nutrients, compost quality, types of feedstocks and other factors. To evaluate the effects of compost application, it may involve a large number of parameter analyses, which can be costly and time ineffective. There is no indicator to reduce the number of analyses concerning the effect of compost application on soil fertility. In this study, a ranking method is proposed to identify the minimum number of parameters able to track the effect of compost application on soil fertility and the environmental impact. A total of 23 soil parameters were selected through literature review and ranked for their importance to show the effect of compost use. The ranking method was developed based on (1) the reporting frequency of environmental and soil fertility parameters and (2) impact of the selective parameter to the environment. Soil C and N contents were found to be the most frequently reported parameters (85 and 90 %) to affect soil fertility upon compost application. Both contents in the soil also change significantly before and after compost application. Heavy metals and N2O emissions were found to impact the environment most due to the toxicity of heavy metal to the environment and human health and high global warming potential of N2O. Based on the ranking method, nine parameters (N, NO3--N, P, K, micro-nutrients, heavy metals, C, pH and N2O emissions) were selected. 60 % of soil analyses were reduced following this ranking method. For the future study, a weightage system could be implemented on each criterion to decide the more essential parameters to be evaluated based on different soil or crop type and under different agricultural practices.

Effects of compost application on nematode populations and the yield of a carrot crop

Effects of compost application on nematode populations and the yield of a carrot crop

Evaluation of Soil Microbial Activity and Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth in Soil Amended with Composted Agroindustrial Wastes

The present study was performed to emphasize that tobacco waste compost can be used as an organic material resource in soils under semi-arid climate conditions. We determined soil microbial activity as well as the contents of the nutrition and the biomass of maize plant to indicate which compost is the most suitable one for decomposing by microorganisms in the soil. In the greenhouse experiment, the treatments consisted of tobacco waste compost (TWC), tobacco waste+olive pomace compost (TWOPC), tobacco waste+grape pomace compost (TWGPC), tobacco waste+ farmyard manure compost (TWFYC), inorganic fertilization (NPK) and control soil. Soil respiration was higher in TWC amended soils, followed by TWOPC, TWGPC and TWFYC amended soils compared to non-amended soils. The effect of compost applications on enzyme activity of soil was significant. The activities of protease, urease and dehydrogenase were significantly higher in the soil amended with TWC as compared to those of the other composts. Β-Glucosidase activity was highest (21 %) in TWOPC with respect to control soil. Aryl sulphatase activity in the soils amended with the composts increased between 20 to 26 % with respect to the control. Activity of alkaline phosphatase in soils amended with the composts was not different from the amount obtained for control soil. The maximum values of leaf N, K and biomass weight of maize plant were found in inorganic fertilizer treatment (NPK). The biomass weight increased 115 % and 83 %, respectively, in NPK and TWC treatments compared to the control soil. The results suggested that application of the composts including tobacco waste to soil at a rate of 30 t ha-1 increased the amounts of microbial activity, organic C, available P and K in soil. On the other hand, the amount of total N in the composts is not enough for the growth of maize plant.

Soil revitalization via waste utilization: Compost effects on soil organic properties, nutritional, sorption and physical properties

Abstract Composting process is a viable method to prepare soil amendment that represents suitable aquatic waste management option to treat nitrogen-rich invasive aquatic weed Hydrilla verticillata. Two soils viz. laterite (alfisols) and alluvial (fluvisols) with poor nutritional value, lower porosity and water-holding capacity were treated using the H. verticillata compost. The organic compost was prepared, using H. verticillata, cow dung, sawdust and biochar as reported in the earlier study (Jain et al., 2018). The Quadrimester (120 days) pot study was conducted in the pots of 0.012 m3 volume. The compost was applied in various percentages to both laterite and alluvial soil (0,10,20,30% w/w). The effects of compost application on the organic matter, pH, nutritional properties, sorption properties and physical properties of soil were evaluated at a time interval of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 days. The significant effect on the organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus of soil was depicted after the application of compost. The addition of compost, aid in raising the pH of soil that agrees the neutral range of 7.0–7.2 in both soils. In case of laterite soil the total nitrogen content was depicted more (94% increase) when the amount of compost was 30%, whereas in the alluvial soil the addition of 20% compost gave the better results (86% increase) in comparison to untreated and other treated soils. It was observed that the application of compost significantly improved the physical properties such as bulk density values decreased drastically by 38 and 37% in alluvial and laterite soil, respectively.

Rice Straw Composting by Cellulolytic Bacteria Isolate and Its Application on Rice in Acid Sulfate Soils

High acidity in acid sulfate soils due to pyrite oxidation results in increased Al3+ and Fe2+ activity which inhibits the growth of rice plants. The application of organic matter (compost) is one of the technology to manage acid sulfate soil. This study aims to obtain cellulolytic bacterial isolates that are superior in composting and improving rice growth in acid sulfate soil. The experiment carries out in the laboratory and glasshouse of the Indonesian Swampland Agriculture Research Institute (ISARI), Banjarbaru, Indonesia on May-November 2017. The experimental to obtain cellulolytic bacteria and water content that can accelerate composting is arranged by factorial using a complete randomized design with three replication First factor were cellulolytic bacteria application (without application/control, BS 1.6, BS 1.9, BS 2.2 and BS 2.5), while the second factor was water content (50%, 100%, and 150%). The effect of compost application with cellulolytic bacterial to rice growth arranged by factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. The first factor was cellulolytic bacteria application (without application/control, BS 1.6, BS 1.9, and BS 2.2), while the second factor was composting condition (muddy waterlogged and waterlogged 5 cm depth). The result showed that the ability of cellulolytic bacteria to reduce C/N straw was not different. Only differences in water content affect the reducing C/N ratio of straw. The average C/N ratio of straw compost made with 50%, 100%, and 150% water content is 35.59; 29.71, and 29.21. Application of compost made under muddy waterlogged and inoculated BS1.9 and BS2.2 can increase the number of tillers, while those inoculated BS1.6 and BS1.9 can increase the rice shoot dry weight of Inpara 2. The suggest that cellulolytic bacterial inoculation can improve the quality of compost so that the growth of rice is better.

Impact of Compost Application on Fall-seeded Camelina Yield and Seed Quality

Camelina sativa (L). Crantz is a novel promising oilseed plant that can be grown as a spring annual crop or as a winter annual, in milder climates, providing distinct advantages. The objectives of this 3-year study were to evaluate the agronomic potential of fall-seeded camelina in Mediterranean conditions and the effect of compost application on its yield and quality characteristics. The response of fall-seeded camelina to organic fertilization resulted in tripling the seed yield and enhance the weight of seeds, compared to the unfertilized control. Concerning, seed quality characteristics compost application significantly enhanced only seed ash percentage (3.71%) as compared to control (3.05%) and lesser the crude fiber, crude protein and oil content. Results indicated that camelina is a feasible winter crop for Southern Greece and further studies must be carried out to optimize its production.

The Effect of Compost Application in the Silvofishery Pond with Different Mangrove Species on the Phytoplankton Community

The effort in improving water quality of fishponds could be conducted with various methods, including the integration of mangrove trees known as silvofishery. However, an additional method could be applied by deploying compost. This research aimed to study the distribution of phytoplankton community in the silvofishery pond and to analyze the impact of compost application in the silvofishery pond planted with different mangrove species. The research was conducted in September 2017. Three silvofishery ponds planted with mangrove species Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata and mixed of both and one control pond were utilized. Compost was deployed in the silvofishery pond as much as 2 kg for 25 m2 area. The sampling of phytoplankton was conducted one week after the compost deployment. Data analysis was conducted for diversity index, while statistical analysis was conducted by chi-square. The result showed that the deployment of compost could slightly improve water quality. There were only five phytoplankton species with total density of 85 ind.l−1 in the control pond, while ponds with A. marina, R. mucronata and mixed of mangrove consisted of 7 species (155 ind.l−1), 7 species (119 ind.l−1) and 5 species (103 ind.l−1) respectively. Diversity index showed medium values (1.56-1.95) with high evenness values (0.97 – 1.0). Chi-square analysis showed that each treatment has a significantly different composition of phytoplankton.

Effect of Compost Application on the Growth of Acacia nilotica

Abstract Acacia nilotica is an important agroforestry specie, which is used in both compact and linear forms. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of compost on the growth performance and biomass production of A. nilotica. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used to analyze the variations among several growth morphological traits. Two parallel trials, pot trial (seedlings), field trial (saplings) were conducted simultaneously. Compost and litter mixture were applied in mentioned trials. Following treatments were used: T0 – control; T1 - 25% of compost and 75% of nursery soil; T2 - mixture of 50% nursery soil and 50% compost; T3 - mixture of 75% compost and 25% of nursery soil; T4 - where 100% compost was applied. Increase in plant growth was observed with the increases in the amount of compost mixture. In field trial maximum plant height, shoot length, root length, rootshoot ratio and biomass production was observed when 100% compost level was applied, while minimum was observed without any compost appli-cation. In pot trials, the maximum plant height, rootshoot ratio and biomass production was recorded when 75% compost level was applied. Overall, Acacia performed better with 100% of compost application in field trail and 75% of compost application in pot trial. The results of this study demonstrated the positive effects of compost on the growth of Acacia. The seedling development was improved considerably with different levels having greater percentage of organic fertilizer and it was concluded that compost improves soil fertility and it should be used as organic fertilizer in farming and forestry practices for improving crop growth and yield.

Effects of compost application on soil vulnerability to heavy metal pollution.

Soil vulnerability to heavy metal pollution is low in soils exhibiting an ability to strongly adsorb heavy metals on their geochemical fractions. Organic matter (OM) is among other components of soils, one of the most effective sorbing fractions. Compost addition is often used for soil remediation thereby enriching the soil with OM. However, compost is often enriched with heavy metals and thereby may induce adverse effects on the soil and plants growing in them. Compost-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) can mobilize heavy metals. The balance between two contrasting effects of compost-mobilization and immobilization of heavy metals-was studied under the conditions of adsorption-desorption batch experiment. Metal adsorption to different geochemical fractions of soil treated with compost was examined by a combined batch-adsorption experiment and a sequential extraction procedure. Compost-derived DOM mobilized Cu at low loading levels, whereas adsorption of Cd and Pb was not decreased by DOM application. Compost was found to be a source of an important reducible oxides fraction (RO-sorbing and fixation fraction) and also of the OM geochemical fractions that most commonly immobilizes heavy metals. The Langmuir and Freundlich models employed in our study exhibited a good fit for most of data the experimental data obtained on bulk samples. Adsorption of the metals on operationally defined geochemical fractions was described by a linear function in several experimental instances.

Effect of compost application on the dynamics of carbon in a nectarine orchard ecosystem

The aim of the present study was to compare the quantity and the type of carbon (C) stored during the 14-year lifetime of a commercial nectarine orchard ecosystem fertilized with mineral or organic fertilizers.The study was carried out in the Po valley, Italy, in a nectarine orchard of the variety Stark RedGold, grafted on GF677 hybrid peach × almond. Since orchard planting in August 2001, the following treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design with four replicates per block and compared: 1. unfertilized control; 2. mineral fertilization (including P and K at planting and N applied as NO3NH4 yearly at the rate of 70–130 kg ha−1); 3. compost application at a rate of 5 Mg DW ha−1 yr−1; 4. compost application at a rate of 10 Mg DW ha−1 yr−1. Compost was obtained from domestic organic wastes mixed with pruning material from urban ornamental trees and garden management after a 3-month stabilization period.Application of compost at the highest rate increased C in the soil; the amount of C sequestered was approximately 60% from amendment source and 40% from the net primary production of trees and grasses with a net increase of C compared to mineral fertilization.Compost application was found to be a win-win strategy to increase C storage in soil and, at the same time, to promote plant growth and yield to levels similar to those obtained with mineral fertilization. The rate of C application is crucial, indicated by the fact that compost supply at the rate of 10 Mg ha−1 yr−1 was the only fertilization strategy of the ones tested that resulted in higher C sequestration. This shows that compost amendment may stimulate an increase in the net primary production of plants.

Effect of nitrogen, wheat residues, and compost rates on the growth and yield of sunflower

<span lang="EN-US">In modern agriculture, precise integrated management of farmlands requires natural, sustainable and environmentally friendly inputs replacing chemical fertilizers application. A two-year (2015-2016) field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of integrated application of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L</span><span lang="FA" dir="RTL">.</span><span lang="EN-US">) residues and compost accompanied by nitrogen (N) on growth, seed yield and yield components of sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.) at School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. </span><span lang="EN-US">The experiment was conducted at split plots arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications.<span> Treatments included four N (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>) two wheat residues (1.5 and 3 t ha<sup>-1</sup>), two municipal compost (50 and 70 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) rates and control (no additives). The results showed that higher N rates increased seed yield, whereas it reduced its oil content. Application of wheat residues and compost increased growth, seed yield, and seed oil content compared to control. The effect of compost application on seed yield increase was more pronounced than crop residues. Therefore, for an environmentally andagronomically sound management strategy, high compost application (70 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) combined with proper N fertilization is recommended for sunflower production in the region. </span></span>

Revamping of entisol soil physical characteristics with compost treatment

Physical characteristic of Entisol soil is an important factor for the growth of plant. The aim of this research was to know the effect of compost application on physical characteristics of Entisol soil. The research method used was experimental method with 6 (six) treatments and 3 replications of which K1 = 10 kg Entisol soil without compost, K2 = 9 Kg Entisol soil with 1 kg compost, K3 = 8 kg Entisol soil with 2 kg compost, K4 = 7 kg Entisol soilwith3 kg compost, K5 = 6 kg Entisol soil with 4 kg compost and K6 = 5 kg Entisol soil with 5 kg compost. The observed parameters were soil texture, soil organic matter, soil thickness, porosity, soil pore size, soil permeability and water availability. The results showed that the Entisol soil texture was loamy sand texture, the value of soil organic matter ranged from 0.74% to 4.69%, soil thickness ranged from 13.83 to 20.16 cm, porosity ranged from16% to 37%, soil pore size ranged from 2.859 to 5.493 µm, permeability ranged from 1.24 to 5.64 cm/hour and water availability ranged from 6.67% to 9.12% by each treatment.

ORGANIC AMENDMENTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON STATUS OF SOME NUTRIENTS IN SOIL AND PLANT

The aim of this investigation was to study the application impact of biochar “RSB” and compost “RSC” derived from rice straw on sandy soil and its leachates properties. These properties were pH, EC and soluble nutrients (N, P, K, Zn and Cu). Also, the effect of RSB and RSC applications on the growth of sunflower plants and its content of N, P, K, Zn and Cu were studied in the pot experiment.In addition to the properties of the sandy samples and its content of available N, P, K, Zn and Cu were studied. To achieve this study, two experiments were conducted namely, leaching and pots at the laboratory and green house of Soil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ., Shebin Elkom, Egypt. The results indicated that, the applications of Biochar resulted in an increase of leachate pH, EC and soluble K and a decrease of soluble NH4+ , NO3-, P, Zn and Cu. This decrease was non-significant with NO3-. Increasing rates of individual applications of compost associated with an increase of EC, soluble HN4+, NO3-, P, K and Zn and a decrease of pH and soluble Cu in leachate. After leaching, application rates of biochar were associated with an increse in soil pH, EC, CEC and available NH4+, P and k and a decrease in available Zn and Cu. While, the application rates of compost resulted in an increse in EC, CEC and available NH4+, NO3-, P , k, Zn and Cu and a decrease in soil pH. Uptake of N, P and k (mg/plant) by sunflower plants was increased with biochar rates increasing up to 0.05% biocharcompared with the control and decreased with increasing of biochar rates. Zn and Cu uptake was decreased with increasing biochar rates. The effect of compost application at 0.75% increased uptake of N, P, k, Zn and Cu compared with the control.

Effects of compost amendment on the available soil water and grape yield in vineyards planted after land levelling

The aim of this research was to compare the effect of compost amendment on soil water and on the available water for vines planted in levelled soils in comparison to those planted in undisturbed soils. Two vineyards, one levelled before vineyard establishment and one planted in the original soil, were compared. In each of them, the effect of compost application on the surface was compared with a control (without compost application). Soil characteristics such as soil texture, organic matter content, hydraulic conductivity and soil sealing were evaluated in each area. In addition, soil water was monitored at different soil depths in each treatment. Available soil water was evaluated along the growing cycle in two years with different rainfall distributions. Soil hydrological properties improved with compost amendment, in particular soil water holding capacity at different pressures. Soil water distribution within the soil profile and available water varied between the years depending on rainfall characteristics. For a given year, it varied significantly between levelled and unlevelled plots and between treated and untreated areas. In dry years, the available soil water reached very low values within the growing cycle, being lower in the levelled plot and higher in compost-amended areas in both plots. Compost amendment increased yield to a lesser proportion in the levelled soils but more in the dry than in the wet years. The results indicate the need to use different management strategies within the plots to optimize the use of water due to the differences in the final soil characteristics after land levelling operations.

Influence of compost addition on soil properties, root growth and vine performances of Vitis vinifera cv Cabernet sauvignon

The effect of compost application on soil fertility, vine below-aboveground growth, yield and grape quality was investigated over 5 years (2009–2013) in a commercial vineyard in the northeastern Italy. Two different types of compost (compost from vine pruning waste and from cattle manure) and two application methods (inter-row and under-row distribution) were tested on mature Cabernet Sauvignon vines. Vine vegetative growth, yield and grape composition were analyzed, along with soil characteristics and on root density and distribution. The results demonstrated that long-term addition of compost to a vineyard could be beneficial to soil properties, including organic matter and microbial biomass. Furthermore, significant effects of organic amendments on vine root development, grape yield and fruit quality were observed, depending on the compost type and on the application method. Addition of compost from cattle manure or vine pruning waste stimulated either higher vegetative growth or high root development, the latter when amendment was locally supplied in the under-row. In both cases, a reduction in fruit quality was observed, likely due to competition between the canopy or roots and the fruit. Inter-row application of compost from vineyard pruning waste produced the best overall performance, displaying well-balanced root/canopy growth, increased yield, and satisfactory grape quality.

Net Greenhouse Gas Budget and Soil Carbon Storage in a Field with Paddy–Upland Rotation with Different History of Manure Application

Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured from paddy–upland rotation (three years for soybean and three years for rice) with different soil fertility due to preceding compost application for four years (i.e., 3 kg FW m−2 year−1 of immature or mature compost application plots and a control plot without compost). Net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance was evaluated by integrating CH4 and N2O emissions and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions calculated from a decline in soil carbon storage. N2O emissions from the soybean upland tended to be higher in the immature compost plot. CH4 emissions from the rice paddy increased every year and tended to be higher in the mature compost plot. Fifty-two to 68% of the increased soil carbon by preceding compost application was estimated to be lost during soybean cultivation. The major component of net GHG emission was CO2 (82–94%) and CH4 (72–84%) during the soybean and rice cultivations, respectively. Net GHG emissions during the soybean and rice cultivations were comparable. Consequently, the effects of compost application on the net GHG balance from the paddy–upland rotation should be carefully evaluated with regards to both advantages (initial input to the soil) and disadvantages (following increases in GHG).