Effect Of Cohesion Research Articles

Family cohesion and adaptability reduces mobile phone addiction: the mediating and moderating roles of automatic thoughts and peer attachment.

With the popularity of mobile Internet devices, the incidence of mobile phone addiction has been increasing, which has aroused the concern of all sectors of society. Due to the difficulty of eliminating the risk factors of mobile phone addiction, it's significant for researchers to examine the function and underlying mechanisms of positive environmental factors in reducing individuals' mobile phone addiction. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the relationship between family cohesion and adaptability and mobile phone addiction among university students and analyzed the mediating role of automatic thoughts as well as the moderating role of peer attachment in this link. The sample consisted of 958 Chinese university students. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing family cohesion and adaptability, mobile phone addiction, automatic thoughts, and peer attachment. PROCESS model 8 was significant (the total effect model (F (5, 952) = 19.64, R2 = 0.09, p < 0.001)). Results indicated that family cohesion and adaptability could not only negatively predict mobile phone addiction directly, but also indirectly through the mediating effect of automatic thoughts. Moreover, both the direct association between family cohesion and adaptability and mobile phone addiction as well as the indirect effect of automatic thoughts were moderated by peer attachment. Findings emphasized the beneficial role of peer attachment on the effect of family cohesion and adaptability on automatic thoughts and mobile phone addiction.

Impact of global text cohesion on students’ listening comprehension of informational listening texts

Abstract Listening comprehension serves as a basic means for communication and participation in society. Unfortunately, especially low-performing students have difficulties understanding informational content presented in a listening format, even more so than with the comprehension of printed texts. Based on empirical findings that text features, such as global text cohesion, have proven to be effective for promoting reading comprehension, and cognitive processes of reading and listening to academic texts share commonalities, the question arises as to how much global cohesion can support students’ listening comprehension. 140 ninth-grade students in German secondary schools listened to one of two informational listening texts which differed in their degree of global text cohesion (low vs. high in cohesion). Listening comprehension was assessed with a written test after listening. Regression analyses show that global text cohesion promotes listening comprehension and that the effect of cohesion remains significant and stable when controlling for topic-related prior knowledge and language-related background variables. Low-performing students profited more from the highly cohesive text than high-performing students. Thus, cohesion contributes to the comprehensibility of informational listening texts which can have implications for the construction of listening texts and listening comprehension instruction at school.

Bearing behavior of rock socketed pile in limestone stratum embedded with a karst cavity beneath pile tip

This paper investigates the bearing behavior of axially loaded rock socketed piles in limestone stratum embedded with a karst cavity beneath the pile. The pile foundation supporting a cross-river bridge located in a karst area in China is considered. Based on this project, three-dimensional finite element analyses are performed to capture the effects of pile length, pile diameter, limestone cohesion, and cavity roof thickness. Their impact on the bearing characteristics of the pile is comprehensively outlined through analysis of load-settlement curves, variations in pile bearing capacity, distributions of axial pile force and pile side friction, as well as contours of vertical ground and cavity roof displacement. It is found that the load-settlement curves exhibit the saltation type, based on which the pile-bearing capacity can be conveniently obtained. The pile bearing capacity increases nonlinearly with increasing the pile length, whereas almost linearly with an increase in the pile diameter, limestone cohesion, and cavity roof thickness. For the considered conditions, larger magnitudes of vertical ground displacements occur primarily surrounding the pile side in the pebble layer and at the pile bottom. This is attributed to the weakening effect of the karst cavity on the bearing capacity of the cavity roof. The achievements from this study are beneficial for the design optimization of rock socketed piles in karst areas.

Moderating effect of institutional environment on economic policy uncertainty: evidence from firms’ investments

Abstract This paper investigates the link between corporate investments, eco-nomic policy uncertainty and the quality of institutional environments. The corporate investments of private firms in 10 European countries from 2009 to 2018 were examined and a negative effect of economic policy uncertainty on corporate investments was identified. More importantly, it was determined that the higher-quality institutional environments reduced the negative impact of economic policy uncertainty on corporate investments, especially when economic policy uncertainty was high. We also demonstrate the effects of government stability, legislative strength, government cohesion and socioeconomic conditions that mitigate the negative effects of economic policy uncertainty on corporate investments.

When do teams generate valuable inventions? The moderating role of invention integrality on the effects of expertise similarity, network cohesion, and gender diversity

Research has demonstrated that certain team composition factors—high expertise similarity, high network cohesion, and mixed‐gender teams—have predominantly negative effects on the teams’ invention outcomes. Yet these factors have also been shown to improve team coordination, which should (in theory) lead to better invention outcomes. We address this tension by highlighting the need to consider the invention's integrality, which increases task interdependencies among team members and thereby strengthens the positive relationship between team coordination and invention value. We hypothesize that (i) the main effects of these team composition factors reduce a team's invention value but, more importantly, that (ii) invention integrality positively moderates those effects. We support these claims with evidence from utility patent data filed in the United States during the period 1983–2015.

The Effects of Role Ambiguity, Group Cohesion, and Social Presence on Elementary Students’ Attitudes toward Cooperative Learning in Mobile Learning Environments

본 연구는 모바일 학습 환경에서 역할모호성, 집단응집력, 사회적 실재감이 학습자의 협력학습태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 총 93명의 초등학생을 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 이들은 모바일 학습과 팀 빌딩에 대한 초기 교육을 받았고 토론을 위한 소그룹에 무작위로 배정되었다. 연구 대상자들은 태블릿 PC를 활용해 온라인 토론 및 온라인 협력학습 활동에 직접 참여하였다. 모바일 협력학습 활동 이후, 모바일 학습 환경에서 학생들의 역할 모호성, 집단응집력, 사회적 실재감 및 협력학습태도 간의 관계를 탐색하고자 데이터 수집 및 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 주요 연구결과를 살펴보면, 학습자가 지각하는 역할모호성과 사회적 실재감은 모바일 학습에 대한 협력적 태도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 집단응집력에 대한 학습자의 인식은 모바일 학습 태도에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구는 변인 간의 관계를 바탕으로 모바일 학습 환경에서 교육을 효과적으로 통합할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.This study investigated the impact of role ambiguity, group cohesion, and social presence on elementary students' attitudes toward cooperative learning in m-learning environments. A total of 93 elementary school students participated in this study. The participants received initial m-learning and teamwork skills instruction and were randomly assigned to small discussion groups. They participated in online discussions and learning activities using their tablet PCs. After m-learning activities, data analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between the students' perceptions of role ambiguity, group cohesion, social presence, and attitudes toward cooperative learning in m-learning environments. The results indicate that the students' perceptions of role ambiguity and social presence significantly affected their attitudes toward cooperative m-learning. However, the students' perception of group cohesion did not significantly affect their attitude toward m-learning. Based on the results of this study, a method is proposed for effectively integrating education into an m-learning environment, based on the relationships between variables.

A dynamic constitutive model of unsaturated frozen soil with coupled frictional sliding and damage evolution of local cracks

The mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of unsaturated frozen soil under impact loading were investigated based on impact compression experiments done at various temperatures (−5, −15, and − 25 °C) and strain rates (200–800 s−1) using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Our experimental results showed that the peak stress of unsaturated frozen soil increases linearly with strain rate, and strain–rate sensitivity and strain–hardening behavior are closely dependent on temperature. As the temperature decreases, both characteristics increase significantly. The nonlinear hardening and softening behavior of unsaturated frozen soil under impact loading can be attributed to the interaction between local crack frictional sliding and propagation. This study used a mixture theory to derive the relationship between microstructure and the elastic constants of unsaturated frozen soil. Drucker–Prager–type friction sliding criterion and damage criterion based on energy release rate were also employed to describe plastic deformation and damage evolution behavior when considering the strain–rate effects of cohesion and the degradation mechanism of local crack surface roughness caused by transient–temperature–rise–induced ice melting. Finally, a dynamic microscopic constitutive model of unsaturated frozen soil with coupled frictional sliding and damage evolution was developed. Its validity was verified by comparison with our experimental results.

Reviewing the Impact of Powder Cohesion on Continuous Direct Compression (CDC) Performance.

The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a paradigm shift towards continuous processing from batch, where continuous direct compression (CDC) is considered to offer the most straightforward implementation amongst powder processes due to the relatively low number of unit operations or handling steps. Due to the nature of continuous processing, the bulk properties of the formulation will require sufficient flowability and tabletability in order to be processed and transported effectively to and from each unit operation. Powder cohesion presents one of the greatest obstacles to the CDC process as it inhibits powder flow. As a result, there have been many studies investigating potential manners in which to overcome the effects of cohesion with, to date, little consideration of how these controls may affect downstream unit operations. The aim of this literature review is to explore and consolidate this literature, considering the impact of powder cohesion and cohesion control measures on the three-unit operations of the CDC process (feeding, mixing, and tabletting). This review will also cover the consequences of implementing such control measures whilst highlighting subject matter which could be of value for future research to better understand how to manage cohesive powders for CDC manufacture.

The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion in the Association between Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking

Background Greater depression has been linked to increased smoking rates. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. It is possible that high perceived neighborhood cohesion may serve as one such mechanism given its associations with decreased depression and smoking. Having increased levels of depression likely impacts one’s perceptions of neighborhood cohesion, which could lead to further increases in depression and a need to manage these symptoms via cigarette smoking. As a first test of this theory, the current study examined the effect of neighborhood cohesion on the association between depressive symptoms and smoking frequency and quantity among past 30-day cigarette smokers. Methods Participants were 201 combustible cigarette smokers (Mage = 48.33, SD = 11.64; 63.2% female; 68.2% White) who completed self-report measures as part of a larger study of environmental influences on cardiac health. Results Greater depressive symptoms were associated with lower levels of perceived neighborhood cohesion, and there was a significant indirect effect of greater depressive symptoms on heavier smoking through decreased neighborhood cohesion (b = .07, SE = .04, 95% CI [.003, .15]). There was no significant indirect effect for daily smoking. Conclusion These results suggest that neighborhood cohesion is an important contextual factor that serves as one explanatory mechanism for the well-established relationship between depression and smoking quantity. Thus, there may be utility in implementing interventions focused on increasing neighborhood cohesion as a way to decrease smoking behavior.

Contextualizing physical activity in rural adults: Do relationships between income inequality, neighborhood environments, and physical activity exist?

To examine if income inequality, social cohesion, and neighborhood walkability are associated with physical activity among rural adults. Cross-sectional data came from a telephone survey (August 2020-March 2021) that examined food access, physical activity, and neighborhood environments across rural counties in a southeastern state. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed the likelihood of being active versus inactive and insufficiently active versus inactive in this rural population. Coefficients are presented as relative risk ratios (RRRs). Statistical significance was determined using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were performed in STATA 16.1. Trained university students administered the survey. Students verbally obtained consent, read survey items, and recorded responses into Qualtrics software. Upon survey completion, respondents were mailed a $10 incentive card and printed informed consent form. Eligible participants were ≥18 years old and current residents of included counties. Respondents in neighborhoods with relatively high social cohesion versus low social cohesion were more likely to be active than inactive (RRR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.27-4.90, p < 0.01), after accounting for all other variables in the model. Income inequality and neighborhood walkability were not associated with different levels of physical activity in the rural sample. Study findings contribute to limited knowledge on the relationship between neighborhood environmental contexts and physical activity among rural populations. The health effects of neighborhood social cohesion warrant more attention in health equity research and consideration when developing multilevel interventions to improve the health of rural populations.

Parental Emotion Socialization, Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescence: The Role of Family Cohesion

This study explored the effect of parental emotion socialization behavior (ESB) on depressive symptoms with a focus on the mediating effect of emotion regulation and the moderating role of family cohesion. A total of 236 Chinese adolescents were surveyed and reported on parental ESB, family cohesion, emotion dysregulation, and depressive symptoms. The results indicated that parental ESB toward negative emotions was associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms, as mediated by emotion dysregulation. Moreover, higher levels of family cohesion both enhanced the negative relationships between supportive ESB toward anger/sadness and emotion dysregulation and strengthened the positive relationship between non-supportive parental ESB toward sadness and emotion dysregulation. These findings clarify the interactive effects of multiple components of emotional parenting, reveal the double-edged effects of family cohesion in the association between parental ESB and depressive symptoms in adolescents, and highlight the importance of evaluating the family emotional context in research and clinical interventions.

Terzaghi's three stability factors for pipeline burst-related ground stability

A recent study on active trapdoor stability has been completed by the authors using Terzaghi's three stability factors approach. It was concluded that the superposition approach is an effective way to evaluate the stability of cohesive-frictional soils. This technical note aims to extend the previous active trapdoor study to perform a stability assessment of a passive planar trapdoor (i.e., a blowout condition) in cohesive-frictional soil. Note that this passive trapdoor problem represents the blowout stability of soils due to defective pipelines under high water main pressures, in spite of the frequent media news about the water main bursts which enlightens the relevance of the problem. Numerical solutions of upper and lower bound finite element limit analyses are presented in form of the three stability factors (Fc, Fs, and Fγ), which consider the effect of cohesion, surcharge, and soil unit weight respectively. In the event of passive trapdoor stability, this technique can be used to determine a critical blowout pressure due to a water mains leak. The study continues with a series of sensitivity analyses with a widely selected range of parameters including the cover-depth ratio (H/B) and the drained frictional angle (ϕ). The influence of these parameters on the three stability factors is discussed, and a practical example of adapting these approaches is also introduced. All numerical results are provided in the forms of design charts and tables that can be efficiently used with confidence in design practice.

Role clarity, perceived cohesion and felt responsibility as antecedents of altruism and conscientiousness among college teachers in Kerala

PurposeLiterature evidences that altruism and conscientiousness are very important discretionary behaviours within the broader framework of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) among teaching community. The present study is intended to examine the effect of role clarity, perceived cohesion and felt responsibility on altruism and conscientiousness among college teachers in Kerala.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 354 college teachers, and the causal effect was examined using Partial Least Square-based structural equation modelling.FindingsValidity and reliability of the model were established through measurement model evaluation. Explanatory power of the model was established. Cohesion and felt responsibility significantly predicted altruism, but the effect of role clarity on altruism was not significant. Effect of cohesion, felt responsibility and role clarity on conscientiousness was significant.Originality/valueThe study contributed to the existing theory on antecedents of OCB. The model has high levels of predictive accuracy – role clarity, cohesiveness and felt responsibility – capable of explaining the discretionary behaviour among college teachers.

The vice and virtue of conflict in boards: A longitudinal study into the effect of conflicts and cohesion on the task performance of supervisory school boards in the Netherlands

AbstractThe increased diversity and autonomy of schools calls for a more professional approach to school governance. In response, attention has been directed to the structure of school boards in the Netherlands. However, previous research indicates that the effectiveness of governance is not so much about structure as it is about behaviour. Conflict, in particular, appears to be an important underexposed factor in the effective behaviour of school boards. In a longitudinal research design, a survey using Likert‐scale items was distributed in 2016 and 2017 to executive directors of schools in the Netherlands to gauge their assessment of conflicts within the supervisory school board. Hierarchical regression analyses and moderator analyses were used to test the hypotheses. An increase in task‐related conflicts were found to have a clear positive effect on the task performance of supervisory boards. An increase in numbers of relational conflicts had a negative effect on the control task performance, while an increase in process‐related conflicts had a negative effect on the advisory task performance. The cohesion within a supervisory board proved to be an important moderator of the effect of task‐related conflicts and relationship conflicts on the control task performance. The results from this research underline the need for a multidimensional conceptualisation of conflict in supervisory boards. The need for further research on the interaction between cohesion and conflicts is underscored. Boards should make room for substantive debate and even for the inevitable friction and irritation that is sometimes inherent in being effective in managing schools.

Simulating the entire rainfall-induced landslide process using the material point method for unsaturated soil with implicit and explicit formulations

Rainfall-induced landslides cause various types of damage, including damage to infrastructure, leading to devastating economic losses and human casualties. Although various numerical methods have been developed to predict landslide occurrence and the extent of sediment flow, three-dimensional analysis of the entire landslide process in a unified manner is still challenging owing to limitations in computational efficiency and the representation of deformation and flow. In this study, we present a numerical method of rainfall-induced landslides using the coupled hydromechanical material point method (MPM) for unsaturated porous media based on implicit and explicit formulations, which enables the efficient analysis of all rainfall-induced landslide processes, including both quasi-static and dynamic processes. The developed method includes an implicit MPM based on a simplified formulation, which is first applied to the quasi-static analysis in the pre-failure stages in which rainwater infiltrates the ground. The explicit MPM is then applied to the dynamic analysis for post-failure stages in which the ground collapses and flows. A constitutive law for soils is improved in the simulation of landslide initiation and sediment flow by incorporating the effect of cohesion in a visco-plastic model for granular materials. The proposed method was applied to a three-dimensional terrain model of Ashikita town, Kumamoto, Japan, where an actual landslide occurred owing to intense rainfall on July 3–4, 2020. Numerical results from the proposed hydromechanical coupling compared with single-phase MPM indicated that pore water plays an important role in understanding all rainfall-induced landslide processes, from landslide initiation to sediment discharge.

Neighborhood Social Environment and Self-Perceptions of Aging.

Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are associated with health and well-being later in life. Although prior studies have identified individual-level predictors of SPA, the role of neighborhood social context in SPA remains largely unexplored. A neighborhood social environment may act as a critical avenue for older adults to remain healthy and socially active, contributing to their evaluations of how they grow old. The present study aims to fill the previous research gap by examining the relationship between neighborhood social environment and SPA, and how age may moderate this relationship. This study is guided by Bronfenbrenner's Ecology of Human Development theory and Lawton's Ecological Model of Aging, positing that an individual's aging experience is deeply rooted in their residential environment. Our sample includes 11,145 adults aged 50+ from the 2014 and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. We included 4 social and economic aspects of neighborhoods: (1) neighborhood poverty; (2) percentage of older adults; (3) perceived social cohesion; and (4) perceived disorder. Multilevel linear regression models showed that respondents in neighborhoods with higher percentages of the older population and with perceptions of high neighborhood disorder reported more negative SPA. Those who perceived their neighborhoods as more socially cohesive reported more positive SPA. Controlling for individual socioeconomic and health status, only neighborhood social cohesion remained significant. We also found significant interaction effects between neighborhood social cohesion and age: The effects of neighborhood cohesion on SPA were stronger in middle age than in old age. Our findings provide insights into how neighborhood social context is associated with SPA, suggesting that a socially cohesive neighborhood may be important to promote more favorable perceptions of aging, particularly for middle-aged residents.

The The promoting effects of neighborhood social cohesion on self-reported depression: A cross-sectional analysis of adult Irish migrants in the United Kingdom

While studies have demonstrated a link between neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) and mental health, this relationship has been inadequately explained for migrant communities. This study explores the effect of NSC on the self-reported depression (SRD) of Irish migrants in the United Kingdom. Considering differing migration experiences and health outcomes across age groups of Irish migrants to the United Kingdom, we explore how this relationship was moderated by age. Logistic regression models showed that NSC promoted mental health in universal contexts. As risks increased, only perceived neighborhood safety promoted mental health. Age had a significant effect on the relationship between NSC and depression. NSC may be associated with reduced SRD for younger but not older Irish migrants. Our findings support interventions, which promote NSC in low-risk contexts and safety in higher-risk settings for Irish migrants. This study reiterates the mental health vulnerability of older Irish migrants.

Effects of Exercise Behavior, Social Cohesion, and Social Support on Health Behaviors in Older Adults: Intervention in a Multi-Component Exercise Program

Effects of Exercise Behavior, Social Cohesion, and Social Support on Health Behaviors in Older Adults: Intervention in a Multi-Component Exercise Program

Effect of social cohesion on crime control strategies among rural dwellers in Nigeria.

This study examined how social cohesion variables, SCV are associated with effective crime control strategies, CCS in Nigeria's rural areas. With mixed-methods, we collected data from 3408 participants and 12 interviewees in 48 rural areas; the results showed that strong SCV indirectly hindered an effective CCS. Significant correlation was found between SCV and CCS. The SCV are shared emotions, strong-family and religious-ties, mutual-trust, communal cohesion, well-articulated common information network, and longstanding age-group bond. The CCS adopted by the law enforcement agents were largely ineffective; these strategies are indiscriminate arrest or search with/without warrant, secret deployment of informants, liaising with local security guards and prompt documentation of cases. Other strategies include monitoring crime black-spots, collaboration among different security agencies, awareness programs and strong community-police relationship. There is a need for public awareness about the negative effects of communal bond on crime control to have a crime-free society in Nigeria.

The influence of cohesion on polyhedral shapes during mixing in a drum

Numerous industrial processes require the blending of granular materials that differ in morphology for which the resulting mixing cannot be predicted from bulk tests. Discrete element method simulations are an attractive approach to understanding mixing at the particle level within processing equipment. However, due to computational cost, particle shape is typically approximated as spherical despite most materials being non-spherical. In this paper, the combined effect of cohesion and particle shape using polyhedral particles is studied in a rotating drum. It was found that repose angle calibrated spheres were unable to reproduce the same percolation behaviour as polyhedra, leading to significantly different results with a better match in the case of highly cohesive paste like materials that diminish the particle scale effects. Symmetric polyhedral shapes exhibited the best mixing, while irregular shapes had the worst mixing. Mixing improves with increasing cohesive particle size due to the ability to percolate the finer non-cohesive material. Finally, equipment geometry and rotation speed had a significant effect on mixing, such that making conclusions on the general mixing of materials without the actual mechanical actions it is subjected to should be done with caution.