Effective Coaching Research Articles

Developing Recommendations for European Sport Coaching Policy: The PEAK Project

Sport coaching policies in Europe lack a guiding framework, and there is limited knowledge about good practices within those policies. This lack of guidance stands in stark contrast to the growing role and importance, from both a practical and a policy perspective, that coaches play in Europe. It is against this background that the Policy, Evidence, and Knowledge in Coaching (PEAK) project was initiated to strengthen the policy foundations of sports coaching in Europe. To do so, the Policy, Evidence, and Knowledge in Coaching project aimed to develop coaching policy recommendations for national authorities and sport federations on the European continent. In the following, we present the main policy recommendations for national authorities as well as the extensive process that led to the formulation of those recommendations. Based on this work, nine recommendations featuring a total of 61 indicators were developed. Overall, we contend that the policy foundation for an effective coaching system includes clarity on who the policies are for, how the results of the policy will be measured, the education, regulation, and support of the workforce, and addressing the inclusion of underrepresented groups.

Creating and Collecting e-Learning Event Logs to Analyze Learning Behavior of Students through Process Mining

Many traditional educational management models are being switched or shifted into online platforms; thus, assessing behavioral aspects of learners is essential to improving the quality of online teaching and learning processes. Currently, a problem in managing online teaching of courses is that instructors do not have the appropriate tools and techniques to be fully aware of students’ behavioral patterns in a data-driven and process-aware approach. This study is divided into three main parts. In the first part, a dataset of online students is transformed and preprocessed. In the second part, the Fuzzy Miner algorithm supported by Fluxicon Disco is applied to the dataset to understand the learning process of the students in terms of the duration and length of the tutorial videos watched online (i.e., fully watched, partially watched, paused, and resumed intervals) and in terms of the frequencies of all activities. In the third part, a comparison between behavioral patterns of high-performance group of students versus their low-performance counterparts attending the same course was conducted, and we used the Dotted Chart Analysis technique supported by ProM to conduct and make the comparisons. The results of the study showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of the duration spent on the tutorial videos and in terms of the sequence and order of the activities performed and executed. The findings of the research can be used by instructors, administrators, and educational managers to improve the course curriculum management process or to boost effective coaching and teaching styles, leading to the optimization of students’ learning process by increasing educators’ awareness about students’ weaknesses and strengths.

Motivational Atmosphere and Moral Behavior as Indicators of Coaching Effectiveness

Study Purpose. The perceptions of coaches' moral character and the factors that make a successful coaching environment were the main subjects of this study.
 Materials and Methods. Utilizing a descriptive survey approach, the investigation was finished. Experienced collegiate coaches from various sports leagues at preselected public schools and universities were included in the study..
 Results and Discussions. According to data, university sports programs should place a high priority on coaches' moral behavior, particularly when it comes to treating players fairly and carrying out their tasks without violating their rights based on their race, gender, or other characteristics. Coaches should also provide each athlete equal attention and create a motivating environment for them.
 Conclussion. Better policy in collegiate sports programs should be built on more research on the effectiveness of coaches.

The Effect of Training and Coaching on the Development of Catfish Farming Business in Koto Tangah Sub District Padang

Catfish farming is one of the businesses that are widely occupied by the people of Koto Tangah sub district, Padang. The large number is unfortunately not accompanied by the maximum quality of education from Catfish Farming of Koto Tangah sub district, Padang. The lack of knowledge and skills possessed in the effort to develop catfish farming business resulted in many efforts of farmers who suffered losses and even closed the business in post-pandemic of Covid-19. To develop a business, of course, training and coaching are required. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training and coaching partially and simultaneously on the development of Catfish Farming business. The sample of this research was 30 Catfish Farming entrepreneurs in Koto Tangah sub district, Padang, by using purposive sampling technique. A double linear regsession analysis with the help of SPSS program was used as technique of data analysis. Based on the result of multiple linear regression test, the results of the equation Y = 1,178 + 0,538X1 + 0,678X2 + e. This proves that there is influence partially and simultaneously between training and coaching to Catfish Farming business development of Koto Tangah sub district, Padang.

Investigation of the Effects of Coaches' Work Limitations on Work Values and Work Engagement

The purpose is to determine the effects of work limitations of coaches on their work values and work engagement and to compare them in terms of various demographic characteristics. 339 coaches working in various branches in Turkey participated in the research voluntarily. Data were collected using “Personal Information Form”, “Short Form of Work Limitation Scale”, “Work Values Scale” and “Work Engagement Scale”. Independent Student T-Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Posthoc – LSD and Bivariate-Pearson Correlation tests were also performed in SPSS 26.0 program, and Multiple Linear Regression analyzes were performed to determine the effects of work limitations on work values and work engagement. The results were interpreted at the .05 significance level. Age, marital status and income levels are effective variables on work limitations and age and income levels are effective variables on work values (p

PELATIHAN TEKNIK COACHING PADA PERAWAT SUPERVISOR DAN APLIKASINYA DI RS X

Nursing is one of the supporting components with the most extensive composition in a hospital, where around 40-60% of health professionals in hospital are nurses. This places nurses as one determining factor in measuring the quality of health services in a hospital. To provide service quality, nurses need to develop themselves by increasing skills, cooperation, and guidance from leader management. Guidance and mentoring are essential to improve nurses' competence and performance. Coaching can be a strategy to achieve management functions through guidance, namely the function of direction and controlling. This PKM aimed to train supervisory nurses to be able to do coaching techniques to nursing staff in their ward. The method includes presentation about coaching materials and coaching session practice (role play). Pre- and post-evaluation were conducted to measure participants’ level of understanding. Workshop was held for partipants to practiced coaching sessions using IGROW technique. Results obtained from eleven participants showed a significant increase in knowledge before and after learning (p=0.003). This PkM recommends the implementation of continuous coaching as well as evaluating the effectiveness of coaching by measuring the level of satisfaction of nursing staff before and after implementation of coaching session.

The effect of a digital health coaching and health education protocol on cognition in adults at-risk for Alzheimer’s

Several modifiable lifestyle factors have been linked to cognitive ability and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Health coaching (HC) is an intervention that addresses lifestyle factors associated with cognition. The effectiveness of an HC protocol was evaluated and compared with a health education (HE) intervention, representing the current standard of care, in a sample of 216 adults between the ages of 45 and 75 years who were at-risk for developing ADRD. Outcomes examined were global cognition, neuropsychological cognition, and Alzheimer’s risk. HC participants received personalized coaching from a health coach focusing on nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress, social engagement, and cognitive activity. HE participants received biweekly education materials focusing on the same modifiable lifestyle factors addressed by HC. Participants were assessed at baseline and again 4 months later. Self-reported global cognition scores improved only in the HC group (16.18 to 15.52, p = .03) and neuropsychological cognitive ability improved in the HE group (104.48 to 108.76, p < .001). When non-adherence in the HC group was accounted for, however, the mean change in neuropsychological score was similar between groups (p > .05), self-reported global cognition demonstrated an even larger mean improvement in the HC group (16.20 to 15.41, p = .01), and the HC group saw an improvement in ADRD protective risk score (− 10.39 to − 11.45, p = .007). These results indicate that HC and HE can both improve cognition, but HC may be more effective and may yield increased protection against ADRD risk.

Diabetes health coach in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta analysis of quadruple aim outcomes.

As diabetes self-management necessitates life-long learning, behaviour change, support, and monitoring, health coaching is a promising intervention to assist individuals in more than just meeting glycemic goals and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) targets. Currently, studies of health coaching for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are limited due to their emphasis on glycemic control. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effects of health coaching on adults with T2DM based on quadruple aim outcomes and to assess the implementation of these interventions. We searched 6 databases for randomized controlled trials of health coaching interventions delivered by a health professional for adults with T2DM. Reviewers screened citations, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence (GRADE). We assessed statistical and methodological heterogeneity and performed a meta-analysis of studies. Nine studies were included in this review. Our meta-analysis showed a significant reduction of A1C [0.24 (95% CI, -0.38 to -0.09)] after exposure to diabetes health coaching, and small to trivial significant benefits for BMI, waist circumference, body weight, and depression/distress immediately post intervention based on moderate certainty of evidence. However, long term benefit of these clinical outcomes were not maintained at follow-up timepoints. There was a small significant benefit for systolic blood pressure which was maintained after the completion of health coaching exposure at follow-up, but there was no statistically significant benefit in other secondary outcomes such as diastolic blood pressure and lipid profile measures (e.g. triglycerides). Very few studies reported on other quadruple aim measures such as patient-reported outcomes, cost of care, and healthcare provider experience. Our systematic review and meta-analysis shows that health coaching interventions can have short term impact beyond glucose control on cardiometabolic and mental health outcomes. Future studies should try to examine quadruple aim outcomes to better assess the benefit and impact of these interventions at longer time points and following termination of the coaching program. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42022347478).

Advancing the science of coaching in education: An introduction to the special issue

School-based coaching has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing school personnel's knowledge, implementation skills, and wellbeing, as well as student achievement and behavior. This article introduces the special issue Advancing the Science of Coaching in Education, highlighting four large-scale, rigorous investigations on the effects of coaching and possible contextual variables that influence effective coaching in education. Two studies (Glover et al., 2022; Pianta et al., 2022) assessed how components of coaching (e.g., feedback, practice) may mediate or moderate classroom practices and/or teacher-student interactions that lead to improved student learning. One study (Pas et al., 2022) examined fidelity profiles of motivational interviewing embedded coaching on classroom practices and student behavior in middle school. The final study (Reddy et al., 2022) examined the effects of behavior support coaching on paraprofessional implementation of research-based behavior interventions, wellbeing, and elementary school student social behavior. This article spotlights common elements across studies and offers directions for research and innovation. The special issue closes with a commentary (Erchul, 2022) on the contributions of school consultation research to contemporary coaching research and offers recommendations for bridging research to practice.

Developing effective health coaches: Experience gained in a clinical trial of a health coach intervention

ObjectiveTo identify the characteristics of an effective health coach and describe how these characteristics can be developed. MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used to obtain insights from a convenience, homogenous sample of health coaches, social workers, and research staff members collaborating as members of a team providing a health coaching telehealth intervention for lay caregivers. Individual interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsThe 11 study participants interviewed were predominately married (75 %), female (92 %) and Caucasian (83 %). Ages ranged from 27 to 66 with an average age of 42 years. The sample was highly educated, with five having attained a terminal degree (PhD or DNP). The participants described three themes of characteristics that contributed to the success of health coaches: personal characteristics, professional characteristics, and program characteristics. ConclusionsThese characteristics expand what is known about attributes that contribute to successful health coaching. Most can be trained or used in developing programs and interventions. Practice implicationsOur findings suggest that many of the core skills of an effective health coach can be developed through individual training, program design, and peer support. Innate personal characteristics such as trustworthiness, integrity, and compassion are hard to influence but can be identified in the hiring process.

Coach leadership in a crisis context: Investigating effective coach behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic with a process view.

Drawing from the crisis leadership conceptualization, this study aims to investigate coaches' opinion patterns on effective leadership behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used a process view to explore how coaches as leaders act in pre, during, and post-crisis phases. Thirty-two fulltime professional coaches (28 males and 4 females) from individual and team sports who experienced the entire COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020 to July 2021 in the United Kingdom were invited to express their perceptions of effective leadership behaviors. The study used Q methodology to analyze coaches' perceptions and experiences. The study revealed that the most effective coach leadership behaviors occurred during-crisis phase, which has the most positive ratings (n = 48) compared to the pre-and post-crisis phases (n = 18). The study's main findings highlighted different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic demand various effective countermeasures from coaches. These practical and successful experiences were summarized as: division of labor, athlete-centered, team-driven, consulting, safe environment, and online coaching. The findings of this study further highlight (1) the importance of coach leadership in creating a safe environment as it provides a much better platform to prepare for a pre-crisis stage, (2) that coaches should employ more positive than negative behaviors while interacting with team members more frequently especially during the crisis period, reducing athletes' negative feelings such as anxiety and worry, and (3) that the online training-related activities and interactions during the crisis time can be expanded to noncrisis times, as a crisis event can have positive implications for the future if handled properly.

The funnel of optimal functioning: A model of coach education

Although a proliferation of coaching in health care has demonstrated positive outcomes and implications for both health care providers and patients, there is little consensus regarding effective coaching models used to educate and train clinicians. To address this issue a model known as The Funnel of Optimal Functioning was created and used to help clinicians learn and embed coaching skills into clinical practice. The model is founded on principles and theory of optimal functioning, as well as the neuroscience and neurobiology of language. The funnel provides a framework that enables clinicians to assess their client’s emotional state and respond with the most appropriate strategic and dialogic coaching tools and skills to facilitate optimal functioning across various health care settings and contexts.

Evaluating the impact of business coaching programmes by taking perceptions seriously

The paper addresses the challenges of evaluating the impact of business coaching programmes with a varied portfolio of firms working across sectors and countries. Observable indicators of changes in business management practices are rarely relevant across sectors. Therefore, evaluators need to rely on the perceptions of the managers who have received coaching. We designed an online survey to compare the effectiveness of business coaching within a portfolio and across programmes. The survey was applied to the portfolio of two private sector development programmes. We derived so-called ‘contribution scores’ from individuals’ perceptions of how business management practices had changed and their perceptions of the role of business coaching in bringing about these changes. The survey included some features to reflect on response reliability. We show that the tool seems fairly reliable for comparative analysis and helped to identify the types of firms and contexts where business coaching support appears more effective.

The Effects of Mindfulness and Buddhist Meditation Coaching on Mental Health Outcomes in College Students.

College students are vulnerable to diverse mental health disorders. We aimed to investigate whether a meditation class would be an effective means to address students' mental health challenges. Among the college students who registered for the meditation course, 256 participants were enrolled. The meditation course was a 15-week program incorporating mindfulness meditation and Ganhwa Seon (a traditional Buddhist meditation). A questionnaire was administered twice, on the first and last class of the course, collecting information on personal characteristics and six mental health indicators. A paired t-test was used to examine whether the meditation course conferred benefit on the mental health indicators, and logistic regression analyses were run to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes. After completing the meditation course, there were significant improvements for the adult ADHD score (p < 0.01) and ego identity (p = 0.02) but not for the other outcomes. Among college students, meditation practice may have positive effects on the adult ADHD score and ego identity.

Improving Surgical Excellence: Can Coaching Surgeons Improve Patient Engagement?

Non-technical skills complement technical skills in surgeons to provide best possible care for patients. The former is essential to promote patient engagement. Coaching has been introduced to surgeons as a method to improve non-technical skills. We aimed to investigate the impact of coaching for surgeons on patient engagement in the outpatient consultation setting. This was a single-centre cohort study conducted in South Australia. Consultant surgeons, suitable coaches, and patients were recruited. Coaches underwent further training by a human factors psychologist on being an effective coach. Outpatient consultations were recorded in an audio-visual format and analysed by investigators. Patient talking time, mutual eye gaze between surgeon and patient, and number of questions asked by the patient were measured as outcomes for patient engagement. 182 patients, 12 surgeons, and 4 coaches participated in the study. Each surgeon underwent 3 coaching sessions, 5 to 6weeks apart. There were 62 pre-coaching patient consultations, 63 patient consultations after one coaching session, and 57 patient consultations after two coaching sessions. The mean talking time of the patient increased significantly after a single coaching session (P < 0.05) without making significant difference to the total consultation time (p = 0.76). Coaching sessions did not have a significant effect on mutual eye gaze or mean number of questions asked by the patient. Coaching of non-technical skills for surgeons appears to objectively improve patient engagement during the outpatient consultation. This would suggest that tailored coaching programs should be developed and delivered to surgeons to improve care delivery.

Mechanisms of Effective Coaching: Using Prompting and Performance Feedback to Improve Teacher and Student Outcomes

Coaching is a key driver supporting implementation of evidence-based instructional and behavioral practices (EBPs). The purposes of this study were to propose a model of coaching and examine the effects of two coaching mechanisms (prompting and performance feedback) on (a) teacher use of classroom management EBPs and (b) student classroom disruption. Using two counterbalanced, concurrent multiple-baseline designs across seven teachers, modest functional relations were found between highly efficient delivery of coaching using prompting alone and performance feedback alone on (a) an increase in teacher use of EBPs and (b) a decrease in classroom disruption. No consistent differences were observed in the order with which prompting versus performance feedback were introduced, nor were consistent benefits observed when adding combined versus individual use of prompting or performance feedback. Findings and implications for coaching research and practice are discussed.

PENDIDIKAN DAN PEMBINAAN ROHANI ANAK: MODEL, STRATEGI, DAN PELUANG

This writing is base on the problem of the pastor’s inability the church to implement an effective community development program. Moreover, if this judged based on implementation of the chuch’s vision and mision, many churches are not accurate incarrying out spiritual formation properly. Another problem is the lack of time the congregation participates in a coaching program implemented in the church will affect the congregation’s lack of knowledge and understanding of God’s word, this will affect the spiritual quality of the congregation. The research method used in this paper is a descriptive qualitative study of literature by examining various literatures relating to subject matter discussed. Through in-depth study and analysis, it is hoped that the pastors will provide concrete steps in planning and conducting effective coaching of church members. The result of this reseach to provide strategic steps and models of spiritual formation that are accurate and measurable and are able to increase the understanding of God’s word and make the spiritually mature as measured by changes in behaviour.

Coaches’ pointing gestures as means to convey tactical information in basketball: an eye-tracking study

ABSTRACTThe question of how information of play should be presented so that tactical memorisation is optimised is still under discussion. To explore how players’ visual attentional resources are allocated when learning from a game system in basketball, eye movements were registered in the absence and presence of coaches’ pointing gestures. Expert (N = 48) and novice (N = 48) participants watched a video in which the coach either (i) described the basketball game system without using pointing gestures or (ii) described the basketball game system while pointing to the relevant aspects of it. The results of analyses of variance showed that the coach’s pointing gestures improved novice players’ performance (they achieved better recall performances, invested less cognitive load and showed more efficient visual search). However, this effect disappeared in expert participants, indicating a partial expertise reversal effect. Findings suggest that the effectiveness of coach’s pointing gestures depends on levels of players’ expertise.

Working Alliance Theory in Workplace Coaching: A Pilot Study Exploring the Missing Role of the Organization

Working alliance theory describes the therapist–client relationship in psychotherapy and has been adapted to study workplace coaching effectiveness. The application of this theory in workplace coaching research has produced mixed results suggesting that additional factors could be at play. In workplace coaching, the organization often pays for and influences the coaching process. The role of the organization in the working alliance between coach and coachee has, however, not been studied sufficiently. his exploratory, hybrid deductive–inductive qualitative study used the Working Alliance Inventory as theoretical lens to examine coachees’ perspectives on the organizational role in the coach–coachee working alliance. The findings indicate that organizations have a direct impact on the bond, task, and goals of the working alliance by facilitating the coaching process, influencing the coaching agenda and contract, and through coach selection. This tentative analysis suggests that measurements of the working alliance should be extended to include these organizational aspects.

Effects of Health Coaching on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

To appraise and synthesize evidence on the effects of health coaching as the primary intervention on cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults. Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and the Cochrane library) were searched from inception until July 2021. Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials published in English, reporting health coaching aimed to promote behavioral changes for improving cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults were included. Studies on health coaching as secondary intervention were excluded. Two reviewers selected the articles, appraised the study quality, and extracted data independently. All kinds of outcomes related to cardiometabolic health, including health behaviors, psychological and physiological outcomes, were included. Meta-analysis was performed if three or more studies reported the same outcomes. Narrative synthesis was performed if pooling of data for meta-analysis was not feasible. Eight studies were reviewed. Most studies involved substantial risk of bias. The majority of the participants were women (99.1%). Meta-analysis showed a small but significant effect of health coaching on increasing physical activity (SMD = .34, 95% CI = .08-.60, p = .01, I2 = 0%); however, its effect on perceived barriers to physical activity and depressive symptoms was nonsignificant. Narrative synthesis yielded inconsistent results on diet, smoking, anxiety, goal achievement and self-efficacy for behavioral change, physiological outcomes, and metabolic syndrome severity, and nonsignificant effects on alcohol consumption, sleep quality, perceived benefits of physical activities, and cardiovascular symptoms. Health coaching has significant effects on increasing physical activity among middle-aged adults; however, its effects on health behaviors and risk factors related to cardiometabolic health are inconclusive. Further efforts are warranted to examine how health coaching can improve cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults.