Effects Of Lifestyle Changes Research Articles

The Benefits of Lifestyle Changes in the Management of Hypertension: A Review of the Literature

Introduction: Hypertension has been identified as an important health problem worldwide. It is a major factor in cardiovascular diseases with a resultant high mortality rate. Understanding the role of lifestyle modification in the management of hypertension is important in improving the health of the population, especially in middle-aged adults. Aim: The aim of this research is to identify and evaluate the positive effects of lifestyle changes, specifically dietary modifications and physical activities in the management of hypertension. Methods: This study employed a systematically structured literature review, with emphasis on important studies that focused on lifestyle changes and their effect on hypertension. The review focused on peer-reviewed articles that addressed dietary interventions and physical activity levels among middle-aged adults with hypertension. Results: The research revealed that changes in the lifestyle if properly implemented would have a positive impact on the management of high blood pressure. A more personalized dietary regimen and regular exercise are the strategies that were singled out as efficient for reducing blood pressure Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the importance of lifestyle modifications in the management of hypertension. When applied correctly, these changes can significantly contribute to better health outcomes and reduced risks associated with high blood pressure.

METS-IR/HOMA-IR and MAFLD in U.S. adults: dose–response correlation and the effect mediated by physical activity

ObjectivesMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a globally prevalent disease, is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR). Physical activity (PA) is closely linked to both MAFLD and IR. We aim to explore the dose–response relationship between metabolic score for IR (METS-IR)/homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and MAFLD, and investigate the relationship between PA, IR and MAFLD.MethodsParticipants from the NHANES study were included in this cross-section study. Logistic regression and the receiver operating characteristic were used to assess the predictive performance of METS-IR/HOMA-IR for MAFLD. Restrictive cubic splines were performed to visualize their dose–response relationship. Decision tree analysis was used to identify high-risk populations of MAFLD. PA’s mediating effect in the association between METS-IR/HOMA-IR and MAFLD was also examined.ResultsOf all 1,313 participants, 693 had MAFLD (52.78%). There were a positive association between METS-IR (OR = 1.162, 95% CI = 1.126–1.199) and HOMA-IR (OR = 1.630, 95% CI = 1.431–1.856) and MAFLD risk. The AUCs of the METS-IR and HOMA-IR were 0.831 (0.809, 0.853) and 0.767 (0.741, 0.791), respectively, with significantly different predictive performance (P < 0.001). Adding METS-IR/HOMA-IR to the basic model greatly improved the statistical significance for MAFLD. Five high-risk subgroups were identified for MAFLD. PA mediated about 0.81% and 0.78% (indirect effect/total effect) in the association between METS-IR/HOMA-IR and MAFLD.ConclusionsMAFLD risk might be predicted by METS-IR/HOMA-IR, among which METS-IR performed better. And PA mediated the association between them. More attention should be paid to the therapeutic effect of lifestyle changes on MAFLD.Highlights1. Positive associations were found between METS-IR and HOMA-IR and MAFLD risk.2. METS-IR has better predictive performance for MAFLD risk than HOMA-IR.3.Two high-risk subgroups were identified for MAFLD by METS-IR: individuals with METS-IR ≥ 40; Hispanic black individuals with 34 ≤ METS-IR < 40 and aged ≥ 46.4. In the significant association between METS-IR/HOMA-IR and MAFLD, about 0.81% and 0.78% (indirect effect/total effect), respectively, were mediated by physical activity.Graphical

Migraine Management Using Feverfew, Butterbur, Peppermint, and Ginger: Perspectives of Pharmacy Students

A literature search and a survey of pharmacy students were conducted regarding some common herbs used for the treatment of migraine. The literature search shows that feverfew, traditionally used for migraines, had mixed evidence of effectiveness, while butterbur received a strong recommendation for prevention. Peppermint showed promise in reducing headache intensity, particularly when given intranasally, but ginger's efficacy remains unclear. Further research is needed to confirm ginger's role in migraine treatment. The survey, which was conducted among 39 pharmacy students on five knowledge-based and five opinion-based questions regarding the use of herbal remedies revealed a varied comprehension level, with an overall 69% accuracy in knowledge-based responses regarding migraines. For the most part, respondents demonstrated awareness of lifestyle measures in preventing migraines, but many respondents lacked clarity on self-medicating with herbal remedies and over the counter products. Opinion-based inquiries indicated a positive inclination towards herbal remedies, with more than 80% agreeing on their viability as alternatives to conventional medications. The survey showed a 69% average correctness rate for knowledge-based questions about migraines. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule received the highest accuracy at 94.1%, while stress as a trigger for migraines received a 71.4% correct response rate. Over 70% believed that those using herbal remedies for migraines were generally more satisfied with their treatment outcomes. While there is a need for improved education on migraine-related topics, there is a prevailing positive attitude toward the potential benefits of herbal remedies in managing migraines. Diverse opinions existed on satisfaction levels and the comparative effectiveness of lifestyle changes versus herbal interventions. Despite limitations in the sample size and focus on pharmacy students, the study underscores the need for enhanced education on migraines while highlighting growing interest in alternative healthcare among healthcare professionals.

The Impact of Sleep Disorders on Cardiovascular Health: Mechanisms and Interventions.

This comprehensive review article explores the intricate mechanisms at work and possible remedies for the connection between sleep issues and cardiovascular health. Sleep disorders, which include conditions like insomnia and sleep apnea, are drawing increasing amounts of attention due to their serious detrimental consequences on cardiovascular health. This article carefully examines the body of existing evidence to explain the intricate mechanisms that connect sleep disruptions to cardiovascular issues. Mechanisms include inflammation, disruption of the autonomic nervous system, endothelial dysfunction, and aberrant metabolic processes all have an impact on these pathways. The study also looks at a variety of existing and novel therapeutic modalities that aim to minimize the detrimental effects of sleep disruptions on cardiovascular health. This includes evaluating the effectiveness of lifestyle changes, pharmaceutical interventions, and behavioural therapy for enhancing sleep quality and hence preserving cardiovascular health. By synthesising and presenting the most recent study data, this article offers valuable insights into the complex relationships between sleep patterns, cardiovascular function, and potential therapeutics. These results provide a solid foundation for guiding future research endeavours and clinical judgements. Pharmacotherapy is a possibility for momentary relief. Cardiovascular illness has been linked to the sensorimotor problem known as restless legs syndrome (RLS), which causes a strong impulse to move the legs. Sleep disruption caused by RLS-related leg movements leads to sympathetic activation, elevated blood pressure, impaired vascular function, and potential iron deficiency. Treating the underlying iron deficiency, when present, and medications targeting dopamine receptors or regulating calcium channels are the primary interventions for RLS. In conclusion, sleep disorders significantly impact cardiovascular health through multiple mechanisms. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate interventions are crucial for mitigating associated cardiovascular risks. Multidisciplinary approaches including lifestyle modifications, behavioral interventions, and targeted pharmacotherapy have shown promise in improving sleep quality and cardiovascular outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between sleep disorders and cardiovascular health, leading to the development of more effective interventions and improved patient outcomes.

An Analysis of the Effects of Lifestyle Changes by Using a Fractional-Order Population Model of the Overweight/Obese Diabetic Population

Unbalanced lifestyles and other underlying medical conditions are responsible for the worrying pace at which diabetes mellitus is becoming a global health crisis. Recent studies suggest that placing a diabetic patient into remission through a rigorous lifestyle change program can normalize blood glucose levels. This research focuses on fractional order derivative-based mathematical modeling and analysis of the diabetes mellitus model with remission parameters. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the diabetes mellitus model are discussed. Non-negativity and boundedness are also examined. Afterward, the concept of the Jacobian matrix is used to investigate the stability of the model’s equilibrium points. The Daftardar-Gejji and Jafari Method has finally been applied to approximate the solutions. The conclusions drawn from numerical simulations of the diabetic model with fractional-order derivatives show a clear dependence on the remission parameters and fractional-order derivative.

The effects of lifestyle changes like diet, toilet habits, physical activity and others in children with functional constipation

Background: Functional constipation is common in pediatric age group. Our aim is to evaluate the effects of lifestyle changes (diet, toilet habits, physical activity and others) in children with functional constipation, and to assess the risk factors of functional constipation in Indian children. Methods: This was an observational, prospective, questionnaire and proforma based (pretested and predesigned) follow-up study. Duration was from January 2016 to December 2017. Study was conducted at, department of paediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur. Results: On regular follow-up, stool frequency was improved after changing the lifestyle factors like adequate physical activity (p&lt;0.05, CI: 0.27) and regular toilet habits (p&lt;0.05, CI:0.93), blood/mucus, straining, painful defecation and pain abdomen, all are showing significant improvement (p&lt;0.05) after relieving constipation. On regular follow-up Need of disimpaction (polyethylene glycol or proctoclys enema) reduced significantly (p=0.001), number of cases with adequate fiber diet improved significantly (p=0.001), Number of children consuming frequent junk food decreased significantly (p=0.001). Conclusions: Initial disimpaction, if needed and maintenance laxative therapy (1-3 months as per need) along with major lifestyle changes like fibers rich diet, avoidance of junk food, adequate physical activity, optimal sleep hygiene, and daily regular toilet habits have significantly positive correlation with improvement in functional constipation and its symptoms.

The Effectiveness of Lifestyle Changes in Glycemic Control among Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and affects approximately 10% of pregnant women worldwide. Understanding the impact of lifestyle changes on glycemic control in GDM is important for improving maternal and fetal outcomes and reducing the risk of diabetes in both the mother and child. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness as well as the factors affecting glycemic control by lifestyle changes in pregnant women with GDM. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals in the Thai Binh Province from June 2021 to May 2022. All pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation, aged 18 years or older, were enrolled. GDM was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Lifestyle changes including diet and physical exercise were carried out for two weeks. The main outcome measured was successful glycemic control according to the 2018 ADA Recommendations for the Management and Treatment of GDM. Results: 1035 women were included and 20.2% diagnosed with GDM. After two weeks of lifestyle change intervention, 82.6% of the pregnant women with GDM had successful glycemic control. Pregnant women aged under 35 years had a 3.2 times higher rate of gestational glycemic control than those older than 35 (aOR = 3.22, p-value = 0.004). Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of less than 25 had a higher rate of gestational glycemic control than those with a BMI of over 25 (aOR = 10.84, p-value < 0.001). Compared to women who had all three diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, those with two diagnostic criteria and one criterion were 3.8 times and 3 times more likely to have successful blood sugar control (aOR = 3.78, p-value = 0.01 and aOR = 3.03, p-value = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Lifestyle changes can be an effective measure for achieving glycemic control in women with GDM. Healthcare providers should consider individualized treatment plans based on the specific needs of each patient.

Associations between lifestyle factors and levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates and parabens in follicular fluid in women undergoing fertility treatment

BackgroundConcerns have been raised whether exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter reproductive functions and play a role in the aetiology of infertility in women. With increasing evidence of adverse effects, information on factors associated with exposure is necessary to form firm recommendations aiming at reducing exposure.ObjectiveOur aim was to identify associations between lifestyle factors including the home environment, use of personal care products (PCP), and dietary habits and concentrations of EDCs in ovarian follicular fluid.MethodsApril-June 2016, 185 women undergoing ovum pick-up for in vitro fertilisation in Sweden were recruited. Correlation analyses were performed between self-reported lifestyle factors and concentration of EDCs analysed in follicular fluid. Habits related to cleaning, PCPs, and diet were assessed together with concentration of six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) [PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA and PFUnDA], methyl paraben and eight phthalate metabolites [MECPP, MEHPP, MEOHP, MEHP, cxMinCH, cxMiNP, ohMiNP, MEP, MOHiBP]. Spearman’s partial correlations were adjusted for age, parity and BMI.ResultsSignificant associations were discovered between multiple lifestyle factors and concentrations of EDCs in ovarian follicular fluid. After correcting p values for multiple testing, frequent use of perfume was associated with MEP (correlation ρ = 0.41 (confidence interval 0.21–0.47), p < 0.001); hens’ egg consumption was positively associated with PFOS (ρ = 0.30 (0.15–0.43), p = 0.007) and PFUnDA (ρ = 0.27 (0.12–0.40), p = 0.036). White fish consumption was positively associated with PFUnDA (ρ = 0.34 (0.20–0.47), p < 0.001) and PFDA (ρ = 0.27 (0.13–0.41), p = 0.028). More correlations were discovered when considering the raw uncorrected p values. Altogether, our results suggest that multiple lifestyle variables affect chemical contamination of follicular fluid.Impact statementThis study shows how lifestyle factors correlate with the level of contamination in the ovary by both persistent and semi-persistent chemicals in women of reproductive age. Subsequently, these data can be used to form recommendations regarding lifestyle to mitigate possible negative health outcomes and fertility problems associated with chemical exposure, and to inform chemical policy decision making. Our study can also help form the basis for the design of larger observational and intervention studies to examine possible effects of lifestyle changes on exposure levels, and to unravel the complex interactions between biological factors, lifestyle and chemical exposures in more detail.

Effects of dietary quality, physical activity and weight loss on glucose homeostasis in persons with and without prediabetes in the PREMIER trial.

We examined the contribution of changes in diet quality, physical activity and weight loss to improvements in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) and fasting glucose concentrations in a long-term behavioural trial. Furthermore, we compared the effects of lifestyle changes on glycaemic markers for individuals with and without prediabetes. The PREMIER trial was an 18-month parallel randomized trial of the impact of behavioural lifestyle interventions implementing lifestyle recommendations (dietary changes, physical activity, moderate weight loss) in adults with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension. We analysed data on 685 men and women without diabetes. Data on body weight, fitness (treadmill test), dietary intake (24-h recalls) and glycaemic outcomes were collected at baseline and at 6 and 18 months. We used general linear models to assess the association between the exposure variables and glycaemic markers. The mean (SD) age was 49.9 (8.8) years, the mean (SD) body mass index was 32.9 (5.7) kg/m2 , and 35% had prediabetes at baseline. Weight loss and improvements in fitness and diet quality were each significantly associated with lower HOMA-IR and fasting glucose concentrations at 6 and 18 months. Mediation analysis indicated that the effects of fitness and diet quality were partly mediated by weight loss, but significant direct effects of diet and fitness (independent of weight changes) were also observed. Furthermore, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose improved significantly in participants with and without prediabetes. Our findings indicate that behavioural lifestyle interventions can substantially improve glucose metabolism in persons with and without prediabetes and that the effects of diet quality and physical activity are partly independent of weight loss.

P102 Barriers and facilitators to lifestyle change in people living with gout: a scoping review of qualitative studies

Abstract Background/Aims Lifestyle, especially diet and alcohol, has been implicated in the causation of gout for centuries and the dietary factors which may trigger flares remain of great interest to people living with gout and their families. However, there is a lack of robust clinical trial evidence about the effectiveness of lifestyle change in people living with gout. The aim of this review was to establish the thoughts, feelings and experiences of people with gout, partners and healthcare professionals about gout, to identify barriers and facilitators to behaviours relating to lifestyle change (diet, alcohol, and physical activity) in people living with gout. Methods A scoping review was undertaken following the stages recommended in Arksey &amp; O’Malley’s scoping studies methodological framework. Databases Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and AMED were searched from January 2000 to October 2021 to identify qualitative studies in gout. Themes were identified within the results of included qualitative studies using thematic synthesis (coding text in the results and then developing themes) and were discussed with both a stakeholder community of practice (COP) group and a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group. Results 1871 title/abstracts and 158 full papers were screened and 38 qualitative studies in gout were identified. Themes identified in the scoping review are presented in Table 1 and were corroborated with COP and PPIE group members. Examples of potential barriers to lifestyle change in people with gout include poor knowledge, confusing or inadequate information, uncertainty about effectiveness of diet in gout management, stigma, and a reluctance to see healthcare professionals. Potential facilitators for lifestyle change include the desire to prevent flares and pain, the provision of information, and that people with gout already search for information and avoid or consume certain foods. Conclusion This is the first scoping review to identify potential barriers and facilitators to behaviours relating to lifestyle change in people living with gout. Potential barriers include poor knowledge, problems with current information and stigma. The findings will be used to inform the development of the new lifestyle intervention for people living with gout in primary care. Disclosure L. Watson: Grants/research support; Lorraine Watson is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research. [Post-doctoral Fellowship Grant reference 2020-347], this (abstract) presents independent research funded by the NIHR. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the (partner organisation), the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. N. Cornwall: None. C. Jinks: Grants/research support; Clare Jinks is part funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands. K. Bradbury: Grants/research support; Katherine Bradbury is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration Wessex. L. Goff: None. P. Little: None. C.D. Mallen: Grants/research support; Christian Mallen is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands and the NIHR School for Primary Care Research, The School of Medicine as received funding from BMS for a non-pharmacological AF screening trial, Christian Mallen has received grant funding from Wellcome and the Medical Research Council. E. Roddy: None.

Yearly trends in the incidence of ocular traumas and the effects of COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide population-based study of Korean data.

Ocular trauma can cause irreversible visual impairment, and its incidence is higher than that of other ocular diseases in young patients. Past studies on ocular trauma have been limited in terms of small sample sizes, specific age groups, or a short period of assessment. Moreover, no studies have yet investigated the effects of changes in lifestyle during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on these trends. Therefore, we aimed to determine the yearly trends in the incidence of various ocular traumas over a 10-year period (2011-2020), and to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends. In this nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study, we recorded the yearly number of patients diagnosed with hyphema and those who underwent open reduction surgery for orbital blowout fracture (BOF), primary closure of the cornea or sclera (PCCS), and intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. While the annual incidence of closed-globe injuries and PCCS decreased significantly in age groups less than 60 years over the past 10 years, the incidence of surgery for BOF and IOFB increased significantly in age groups greater than or equal to 60 years during the same period. When the 2020 data were compared with data from 2011-2019, hyphema showed the largest decrease (47.24%) in incidence among all ocular traumas, reaching significance in those ages less than 20 years (64.41%, P=0.004); the incidence of surgery for BOF also showed the largest decrease, in patients age less than 20 years. In the population age greater than or equal to 60 years, higher incidences of surgery for BOF and IOFB were observed (13.08% and 25.53%, respectively). While the incidence of closed-globe injuries has decreased over the past 10 years in age groups less than 60 years, those age with more than 60 years have become more prone to serious ocular trauma. During the COVID-19 era, the incidence of closed-globe injuries fell markedly in patients younger than 20 years of the age, possibly due to social distancing which involved school closures and reduction in outdoor activities.

The effects of lifestyle change on indicators of cardiometabolic health in semi-nomadic pastoralists.

Non-communicable disease risk and the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases continue to grow across the expanding industrialized world. Probing the relationships between evolved human physiology and modern socioecological conditions is central to understanding this health crisis. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between increased market access, shifting subsistence patterns and cardiometabolic health indicators within Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralists who vary in their engagement in traditional lifestyle and emerging market behaviors. We conducted cross-sectional socioecological, demographic and lifestyle stressor surveys along with health, biomarker and nutrition examinations among 225 (51.6% female) Daasanach adults in 2019-2020. We used linear mixed-effects models to test how differing levels of engagement in market integration and traditional subsistence activities related to blood pressure (BP), body composition and blood chemistry. We found that systolic and diastolic BP, as well as the probability of having high BP (hypertension), were negatively associated with distance to market, a proxy for market integration. Additionally, body composition varied significantly by socioeconomic status (SES), with significant positive associations between BMI and body fat and higher SES among adults. While evidence for evolutionary mismatch and health variation have been found across a number of populations affected by an urban/rural divide, these results demonstrate the effects of market integration and sedentarization on cardiometabolic health associated with the early stages of lifestyle changes. Our findings provide evidence for the changes in health when small-scale populations begin the processes of sedentarization and market integration that result from myriad market pressures.

Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Lockdown: An ASPED/MENA Study on Lifestyle Changes and Quality of Life During Ramadan Fasting in Children and Adolescents Living With Type 1 Diabetes.

Lockdown was a unique experience that affected many aspects of life, particularly during the challenge of Ramadan fasting (RF). Studying this can increase understanding of the effects of lifestyle changes on quality of life (QoL) for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during RF. A cross-sectional study that assessed the effect of lockdown on lifestyle and QoL on fasting children living with T1D during Ramadan in the Middle East and North Africa region (2020-2021). We compared the child (self) and parent (proxy) reports using PEDQoL v3.0 disease specific questionnaire during lockdown and non-lockdown periods, and assessed correlations with lifestyle changes using regression and gap analyses. A total of 998 reports from 499 children with T1D aged 8 to 18 years (study = 276, control = 223), and their parents during RF in lockdown and non-lockdown periods. Fathers were more involved in their children's care during lockdown (P = .019). Patients had better compliance with treatment (P = .002), a reversed sleep pattern (P = .033), increased food intake (P ⩽ .001), and less exercise (P < .001). Children and parents perceived better QoL during lockdown (P ⩽.001) with no differences between their reports in "Diabetes Symptoms", "Treatment Adherence," and "Communication" domains. Self and proxy reports were different in all domains during non-lockdown (P = <.001-.009). In gap analysis, although not statistically significant, the gap was approximated between children's and parents' perceptions in all domains during lockdown. COVID-19 lockdown had a positive impact on QoL of children living with T1D during RF, possibly due to lifestyle changes and superior psychosocial family dynamics.

Prevalence of Suicide Ideation and Attempt during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

An epidemic of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 can affect mental health, which may be associated with suicidal behaviors. This study was conducted based on the systematic review and meta-analysis methods for evaluating the prevalence of suicide ideation during COVID-19. This study used Preferred Systematic Review Reporting System and Meta- Analysis guideline and valid keywords. The articles related to the prevalence of suicide ideation during COVID-19 pandemic were obtained by searching among different databases including Scopus, Web of science, PubMed, ISC, Google scholar, SID, and Magiran. All of the articles published from the beginning of January 2020 to the end of May 2021 were reviewed. Among 478 articles screened, 377 articles were related to the studied topic, among which 38 articles were selected after assessing the title and abstract of which for reviewing the full text and finally 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the results, the prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among all studies were equal to 13% (95% confidence interval = 0.11-0.15, I2 = 99.7%, P = 0.00) and 1% (95% confidence interval = 0.00-0.01, I2 = 95.5%, P = 0.00), respectively. Based on the results, the prevalence of suicide attempt and ideation is possible during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, health officials should pay attention to mental health issues in addition to the protective measures for preventing or reducing the infection with COVID-19. The increase of psychological consequences is probably related to the effect of lifestyle changes which associates with the spread of the disease. In the current meta-analysis performed, the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt was examined during the COVID-19 pandemic period and compared to the previous period without COVID-19. The effect of COVID-19 on suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt has never been studied.

The effect of lifestyle change on autonomic nervous system dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome

Study Design: A prospective clinical cohort study. Objective: In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of metabolic syndrome, which affects many organs, on the autonomic nervous system and to observe the changes after treatment. Materials and Methods: Heart rate variability values of 101 metabolic syndrome patients who were treated at the Kocaeli University Cardiology Outpatient Clinic included in the study. All patients were offered lifestyle change suggestions in addition to their medical treatments. At the end of three months, the heart rate variability parameters of the patients were re-evaluated. Results: Heart rate variability values were found to be significantly lower in metabolic syndrome patients compared to the control group. It was observed that the heart rate variability values improved significantly in half of the patients who applied the given treatment with lifestyle changes. A decrease in heart rate change parameters was found in the group that did not implement lifestyle changes compared to the beginning of the study. Conclusions: Autonomic nervous system functions evaluated by heart rate variability decreased in patients with metabolic syndrome, and the treatment and lifestyle changes had a positive effect on these parameters.

The effect of lifestyle modification on metabolic, anthropometric parameters and hirsutism score in polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterised by several clinical signs and symptoms, including hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and chronic anovulation. Obesity and hormonal imbalances can be reduced in PCOS by modifying lifestyle habits. The effects of lifestyle changes on PCOS were investigated, and it was found that consuming less fat and engaging in physical activity reduced metabolic disturbances. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lifestyle modifications on metabolic parameters, anthropometric parameters, and the hirsutism score as they relate to the pathogenesis of PCOS. This study involved a total of 10 patients diagnosed with PCOS at the Sultan Agung Semarang Islamic Hospital. Blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL (high density lipoprotein), blood pressure, waist circumference, hirsutism score, and vital sign data related to PCOS were measured before and after a 4-month treatment. PCOS patients' fasting blood sugar levels, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), hirsutism scores, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and waist circumference averaged 92, 60; 48.10; 96.90; 10.5; 121.5/77; 86.80, respectively, at baseline (pretreatment). After four months of treatment, the average levels of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), hirsutism scores, and waist circumference were 108.7, 50, 99.8, 7, 122.3, 82.7, and 87.50, respectively. Changes in lifestyle led to significant variations in fasting blood sugar levels as a metabolic parameter and hirsutism scores, but not in triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, waist circumference, or blood pressure.

High Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Associated Factors among Zhuang Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Ethnic Minority Population Cohort in the Southwestern China

The highest prevalence of hyperuricemia was found in Zhuang minority adults in two national surveys in China, with only 1% Zhuang study subjects. However, the prevalence of hyperuricemia and the associated factors in Zhuang adults have not been well-addressed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the prevalence of hyperuricemia and the common comorbidities, and the associated factors in Zhuang adults based on the Guangxi Ethnic Minority Population Cohort. Among 11,175 Zhuang adults aged 35-74 years, the age- and sex-standardized prevalence rate was 18.1% for hyperuricemia and 1.1% for gout. The standardized prevalence rate and awareness rate were 31.6% and 32.3%, respectively, for hypertension, and were 5.1% and 48.2%, respectively, for diabetes. High education level, history of coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, being a current drinker, high body mass index (BMI), central obesity, hyper-triglyceride (hyper-TG), hyper-total cholesterol (hyper-TC), hypo-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (hypo-HDL-C), and abnormal aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were risk factors, while smoking and diabetes were protective factors of hyperuricemia in males. Older age, being single/divorced, having a high education level, hypertension, drinking tea, high BMI, central obesity, hyper-TG, hyper-TC, hypo-HDL-C, and abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were risk factors in females. The high prevalence of hyperuricemia but low prevalence of gout and common comorbidities in Zhuang adults may be due to a lag effect of lifestyle changes. Health education and health management should be strengthened to prevent the progression of comorbidities, considering the lag effect and low awareness rate.

The effect of a randomised controlled lifestyle intervention on weight loss and plasma proneurotensin

AimsProneurotensin (Pro-NT) is a strong predictor of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes and obesity, however, the effect of lifestyle change on Pro-NT has not been investigated in this context. Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants represent the largest and fastest growing minority population in Europe and are a high-risk population for obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this randomised controlled lifestyle intervention (RCT) addressing ME immigrants to Sweden where weight-loss was previously studied as the main outcome, as a secondary analysis we aimed to study change in Pro-NT during follow-up and if baseline Pro-NT predicted weight loss.MethodsImmigrants from the Middle East at high risk for type 2 diabetes were invited to participate in this RCT adapted lifestyle intervention of four months’ duration. The intervention group (N = 48) received a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention comprising seven group sessions and a cooking class addressing healthier diet and increased physical activity. The control group (N = 44) received treatment as usual with information to improve lifestyle habits on their own. Data assessed using mixed effects regression.OutcomesPrimary outcome; change in Pro-NT. Secondary outcome; change in BMI in relation to baseline plasma concentration of Pro-NT.ResultsDuring the four months follow up, weight was significantly reduced in the intervention (-2.5 kg) compared to the control group (0.8 kg) (β -0.12, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.01, P = 0.028). Pro-NT increased to a significantly greater extent in the intervention compared to the control group during follow up (28.2 vs. 3.5 pmol/L) (β 11.4; 4.8 to 18.02, P < 0.001). Change over time in BMI was associated with baseline Pro-NT (β 0.02; 0.01 to 0.04, P = 0.041).ConclusionIn consistence with data from surgical weight loss, this RCT paradoxically shows increased levels of Pro-NT during a multifactorial lifestyle intervention resulting in weight loss. Long term studies of Pro-NT following weight loss are needed.Trial registrationThis study is a secondary analysis of the RCT trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov. Registration number: NCT01420198. Date of registration 19/08/2011. The performance and results of this trial conform to the CONSORT 2010 guidelines.

Validation of the Brief Perceived Positive Lockdown Impact Scale PPLIS-4.

Background: Although research showed that positive aspects of the lockdown were perceived during the pandemic, there are no tools to test the positive impact of mandatory social isolation on life. The present study aims to validate a newly developed, brief, four-item perceived positive lockdown impact scale (PPLIS-4). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey study was formed among 4370 adults in three samples: Sample 1 consisted of university students from Poland and Ukraine, Sample 2 consisted of Polish university students under 26 (emerging adults), and Sample 3 consisted of Polish and Ukrainian adults above 25 (non-emerging adults). The standardized questionnaire was used for criterion validity to measure life satisfaction (SWLS), perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). Results: The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed a one-factor solution in Sample 1 in Polish and Ukrainian university students. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) showed the one-factor structure appropriate for the PPLIS-4 among emerging and non-emerging adults. Criterion validity was also confirmed since the PPLIS-4 was positively related to the SWLS and negatively related to stress, anxiety, and depression. Conclusions: The PPLIS-4 is a short but valid questionnaire to assess the positive aspects of lockdown. The PPLIS-4 can be used during the COVID-19 pandemic to measure some positive effects of changes in lifestyle as an aspect of resilience.

Prediction of metabolic syndrome: A machine learning approach to help primary prevention

AimsTo describe the performance of machine learning (ML) applied to predict future metabolic syndrome (MS), and to estimate lifestyle changes effects in MS predictions. MethodsWe analyzed data from 17,182 adults attending a checkup program sequentially (37,999 visit pairs) over 17 years. Variables on sociodemographic attributes, clinical, laboratory, and lifestyle characteristics were used to develop ML models to predict MS [logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbors, decision trees, Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting]. We have tested the effects of changes in lifestyle in MS prediction at individual levels. ResultsAll models showed adequate calibration and good discrimination, but the LGBM showed better performance (Sensitivity = 87.8 %, Specificity = 70.2 %, AUC-ROC = 0.86). Causal inference analysis showed that increasing physical activity level and reducing BMI by at least 2 % had an effect of reducing the predicted probability of MS by 3.8 % (95 % CI = -4.8 %; -2.7 %). ConclusionML models based on data from a checkup program showed good performance to predict MS and allowed testing for effects of lifestyle changes in this prediction. External validation is recommended to verify models’ ability to identify at-risk individuals, and potentially increase their engagement in preventive measures.