Effect Of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Research Articles

In-situ solvothermal synthesis of free-binder NiCo2S4/nickel foam electrode for supercapacitor application: Effects of CTAB surfactant

The free-binder NiCo2S4/nickel foam electrode was prepared using a two-step solvothermal method: double-layered hydroxide formation and sulfurization. The effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the structural, microstructural, and electrochemical properties throughout the sulfurization process were investigated using various characterization techniques. By adding the CTAB surfactant, the sheetlike morphology of NiCo2S4 material was transformed to a fine particular morphology. Using one mmol CTAB surfactant, the specific capacitance of NiCo2S4/nickel foam increased from 578 to 835 C g−1 due to the downsizing of particles, inducing the higher electroactive sites for redox reactions. An asymmetric capacitor of NiCo2S4 as positive and CuCo2S4 as negative electrodes demonstrated an energy density of 23.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 5040 W kg−1.

Effect of CTAB and NaBH4 Solutions on Ti and Cu Nanoparticles Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation

The effect of different media, including cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4), on the size, shape, optical absorption, and stability of titanium (Ti) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by laser ablation in liquid, was investigated. Ti and Cu NPs were fabricated by irradiating Ti and Cu targets using a Nd:YAG pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, an energy of 500 mJ, repetition rate of 1 Hz, and a number of pulses of 1000. Results showed the direct effect of the type of surfactant on the size and size distribution of Ti and Cu NPs under the same laser ablation parameters. Morphological properties were described by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images, which revealed the formation of semispherical particles. The EDS results confirmed the spike-induced synthesis of Ti and Cu in CTAB and NaBH4 solutions. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the nanostructures of Ti and Cu with spherical particles. The UV-vis absorption spectra showed that the absorption peak of Ti was almost constant at 289 nm, while the peak of Cu disappeared for both solutions. Zeta potential analysis showed that NPs prepared in CTAB solution were more stable than those in NaBH4 solution.

Effects of CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide) and Betaine as Corrosion Inhibitors on the Galvanic Corrosion of Cu Coupled with Au on Print Circuit Board in Etching Solution

This study investigates the suppression of galvanic corrosion between copper and gold using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and betaine as inhibitors. When copper is electrically connected to gold in PCB etching solutions, the substantial difference in their electrochemical potentials leads to the accelerated corrosion of copper, posing severe reliability risks. To mitigate this, we systematically investigated the galvanic corrosion inhibition properties of CTAB and betaine. Through comprehensive electrochemical analyses, it was found that the galvanic corrosion current density of copper, initially at 3.26 mA/cm2, decreased significantly to 0.251 mA/cm2 with 0.9 mM CTAB, indicating an inhibition efficiency of 92.3%. Furthermore, betaine, at a concentration of 0.1 mM, demonstrated an even higher inhibition efficiency, reducing the corrosion current to 0.03 mA/cm2, achieving a 99.1% inhibition rate. These findings provide strong evidence that CTAB and betaine are highly effective in suppressing galvanic corrosion in copper–gold systems, thereby enhancing the long-term performance and reliability of PCBs in electronic applications.

Optimization of Black Nickel Coatings’ Electrodeposit onto Steel

Coatings can be created using various technologies and serve different roles, including protection, functionality, and decorative purposes. Among these technologies, electrodeposition has emerged as a low-cost, versatile, and straightforward process with remarkable scalability and manufacturability. Nickel, extensively studied in the context of electrodeposition, has many applications ranging from decorative to functional. The main objective of the present work is the electrodeposition of double-layer nickel coatings, consisting of a bright nickel pre-coating followed by a black nickel layer with enhanced properties, onto steel substrates. The influence of deposition parameters on colour, morphology, adhesion, roughness, and coefficient of friction was studied. The effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and WS2 nanoparticles on the coatings’ properties and performance were also investigated. Additionally, the influence of the steel substrate’s pre-treatment, consisting of immersion in an HCl solution, prior to the electrodeposition, to etch the surface and activate it, was evaluated and optimized. The characterization of the pre-coating revealed a homogeneous surface with a medium superficial feature of 2.56 μm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results showed a high content of Ni, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed its crystallinity. In contrast, the black films’ characterization revealed their amorphous nature. The BN10 sample, which corresponds to a black nickel layer with a deposition time of 10 min, showed the best results for colour and roughness, presenting the lowest brightness (L*) value (closest to absolute black) and the most homogeneous roughness. EDS analysis confirmed the incorporation of WS2, but all samples with CTAB exhibited signs of corrosion and cracks, along with higher coefficient of friction (COF) values.

Effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on flocculation and filtration of bentonite suspensions

Separation of bentonite from wastewater is challenging because bentonite, is highly dispersible in water. Using cationic polymer flocculants has a high flocculation effect on bentonite. However, the flocculation mechanism is unclear. In this study, flocculation, filtration, and bentonite adsorption behavior are investigated using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic small molecule; subsequently, the flocculation mechanism of bentonite is explored. The flocculation effect increases and the filtration time is reduced with increasing CTAB concentration. In particular, when more than 1500 ppm of CTAB is used, the filtration time is reduced to 2–3 min. Bentonite forms secondary flocculates after the formation of primary flocculates with increasing CTAB concentration. Additionally, the adsorption behavior reveals that CTAB is inserted between the layers, and it is excessively adsorbed on the bentonite surface. The increase CTAB concentration was effective in improving the shortening the filtration time owing to the formation of large bentonite flocculates.

Ferrierite nanosheets with preferential Al locations as catalysts for carbonylation of dimethyl ether

Enriching Al atoms in T2 and T4 sites of FER zeolite is decisive for achieving high catalytic activity in the carbonylation reaction of dimethyl ether (DME). Regulating the spatial position of Al atoms in targeted framework sites remains to be a great challenge during the synthesis of FER zeolite. The FER nanosheets with preferential Al-sitting in T2 and T4 sites were successfully synthesized with the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of CTAB on the morphology and Al distribution has been investigated in detail. CTAB mostly adsorbed on external surface serving as growth inhibitors, which resulted in nanosheet morphology and changed the length ratio along the b-axis to c-axis of the crystals. A minor portion of CTAB located in the channels may favor the spatial Al location in T2 and T4 sites, indicated by the results from 27Al MAS NMR spectra. The FER nanosheets exhibited improved DME conversion, stability, space–time yield (STY), and lifetime compared to conventional FER in DME carbonylation reaction.

CTAB-assisted solvothermal growth of CuCo2S4 on nickel foam for high-performance symmetric supercapacitor

In this work, copper-cobalt sulfide (CuCo2S4) with spinel structure was directly grown on nickel foam by a two-step solvothermal synthesis method using a mixture of water/ethanol as solvent and Na2S.9H2O solution as a sulfur source. The effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) contents in the sulfurization step were analyzed by various structural, microstructural, and electrochemical characterization methods. The hierarchical microstructure and high specific capacitance of 4230 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 were obtained by using 1.5 mmol CTAB during the sulfurization step. Furthermore, the free-binder CuCo2S4 electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 429 F g−1 in the negative potential window of −1.0–0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl at a current density of 1 A g−1. The symmetric CuCo2S4//CuCo2S4 capacitor stored a high energy density of 63 Wh kg−1 at power density of 2800 W kg−1.

The effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition on green synthesis of porous N-doped TiO2 for photoreduction of heavy metal ion Cr(vi).

In this study, porous TiO2 photocatalysts modified by nitrogen (NCT) were successfully synthesized using a combination of green synthesis methods by utilizing Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. peel and hydrothermal method. In addition, TiO2 was modified by increasing the active surface area using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB). The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the anatase phase was formed. The result of the Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy UV-Vis (DRS UV-Vis) using the Tauc-plot method showed that all porous N-doped TiO2 samples experienced a decrease in the energy gap. This indicates the successful modification of TiO2 by nitrogen, as confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) result. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) result showed that the synthesized TiO2 had a spherical morphology of 10-30 nm diameter. The Braunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) result indicated that the type IV isotherm curve with a mesoporous structure was formed. The NCT0.75 sample had a surface area and pore size of 95.02 m2 g-1 and 8.021 nm, respectively, while the NTi0.75 sample had a surface area and pore size of 90.97 m2 g-1 and 5.161 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the porous N-doped TiO2 was tested on photoreduction of metal pollutant model Cr(vi). The result demonstrated that the NCT0.75 sample had the most optimal photocatalytic activity by reducing 89.42% of Cr(vi) metal ions.

CTAB assisted synthesis of ultra-high aspect ratio 3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O nanowires

3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O nanowires with ultra-high aspect ratios were synthesized by a liquid method, and the effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were investigated.

Role of ionic surfactants on the activation of K2S2O8 for the advanced oxidation processes

Effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecylsulfate were studied to elucidate the persulfate based in-situ chemical oxidation of subsurface contamination. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) utilizing Fenton’s like reagent was investigated for the degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7) with and without ionic surfactants. The new findings are that the CTAB and SDS retarding the S2O82− activation to some extent. The kinetics of S2O82− assisted decomposition of AO7 were performed under different reaction parameters such as [S2O82−], [Fe2+], [AO7], pH, and temperature. The rate constants (kψ) were decreased markedly in presence of both surfactants. CTAB showed the most potential deactivation than that of SDS. The stability of both surfactants were determined in presence of S2O82−, and no drastic changes was observed in the critical micellar concentration (CMC). The columbic attraction and repulsion between the reactants (S2O82−, and AO7) with ionic head groups of CTAB and SDS are responsible to deactivating the S2O82− decomposition. AO7 and S2O82−, respectively, solubilized and transferred from bulk phase to micellar surface through electrostatic interactions, which may contribute to the inhibitory role of CTAB micelles in the AOP of AO7. Finally the role of surfactants in the Fenton’s like oxidation of AO7 based on the micellar-pseudo phase model was proposed and discussed.

Effect of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate on Oxidation of Indigo Carmine with Potassium Peroxy Diphosphate: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study

The oxidative kinetic study of Indigo carmine (IC) with potassium peroxydiphosphate (PDP) in absence and presence of cationic cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelles was studied in an aqueous sulphuric acid medium by maintaining the ionic strength at 3.0 mol dm-3 using sodium sulphate. The pseudo-zero-order constant was determined from the linear plots of absorbance versus time under the conditions [IC] < [PDP]. The reaction obeys zero-order kinetics with respect to varying [IC], first order kinetics with respect to varying [H+] and [PDP] in the absence and in presence of micelles. The reaction rate was accelerated with varying [CTAB] and [SDS] and reached a limiting value. The [surfactant] rate profile has limited nature since the reaction is unimolecular on the micelle surface. The binding constant of peroxy diphosphate was also determined with CTAB and SDS micelles by applying Berezin equation for the kinetic pattern.

Influence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hydroxide ions on the interfacial tension and stability of emulsions of dodecane in aqueous silicate solutions

This manuscript provides an understanding of the emulsification mechanisms of a model alkane (dodecane) in concentrated aqueous sodium silicate solutions, for e.g. formulating alkane/geopolymer composites for varied applications. To this purpose, we assume that silicate oligomers stabilize the emulsion by positioning themselves at the interface between alkane/aqueous solution. Moreover, the addition of an alkyltrimethylammonium, which interacts with silicate oligomers, is assumed to favor their positioning at the interface to increase the stability of the emulsion by Pickering effect. First, we study the influence of sodium silicate and hydroxide concentrations with up to 6 mol⋅L -1 (NaOH and SiO 2 ) on the interfacial tension (γ) between dodecane and water. Secondly, we study the effect of CetylTrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and DecylTrimethylAmmonium Bromide (DeTAB) on the interfacial tension and the stability of the emulsion. Adding CTAB surfactant leads to partial precipitation but significantly decreases the interfacial tension to less than 4 mN.m -1 . These effects that are not observed with DeTAB. The precipitate corresponds to CTAB-silicates and seems to contribute to the stabilization of the water/dodecane system, presumably through Pickering effect. Moreover, emulsion stability is shown to be related to the condensation/decondensation state of silicate species.

Synthesis and characterizations of nano-silica for biomedical applications

This paper presents a facile synthesis of nano-silica by hydrothermal treatment assisted by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of CTAB on the morphology of the material was also investigated. Structure, morphology, and composition of the material were studied byvarious methods such as XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and EDX.The results showed that a sample of nanosilica with amount of 1,0 g CTAB at pH 10-11 reached the most appropriate size, with the average length and width are 231,34±48,98 nm và 113,05±16,45 nm, respectively. In addition, the results indicated that the nanoparticles are completely pure, with many silanol groups on the surface, suitable for applications in bone tissue engineering and other biological applications.

Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Attenuates the Mesenchymal Characteristics of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a quaternary ammonium surfactant, was shown to have antitumor effects in a cellular mode of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), modulating apoptotic and cytotoxic processes. However, the mechanisms by which CTAB exerts its effects against the epithelial- mesenchymal transition in HNSCC remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether CTAB inhibits cellular mobility and invasiveness of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) cells. WST-1, cell-cycle phase distribution, and wound healing, as well as transwell assays were conducted. Changes in protein expression patterns and related signaling pathways involved in effects of CTAB on HPSCC cell lines were evaluated by western blotting. Treatment of human HPSCC cell lines with CTAB significantly altered their morphology from spindle-like to cobblestone-like by diminishing mesenchymal-like phenotypic characteristics. CTAB also hindered cell functional properties, including migration and invasion, independently of cell viability. In addition, western blot results demonstrated that treatment with CTAB reduced expression of mesenchymal markers. Further investigation showed that CTAB treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1. CTAB also repressed the expression and phosphorylation levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), and the partial restoration of mesenchymal phenotype by EGF addition confirmed that CTAB inhibited migration and invasion in HPSCC cells by blocking the EGFR signaling pathway. Our results suggest that CTAB is involved in the suppression of EGFR-mediated mesenchymal phenotype and the molecular mechanism by which CTAB obstructs HPSCC cell metastasis may represent a promising strategy for use in HPSCC treatment.

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide promoted dispersing and incorporation of curcumin into silica particles in alkaline ethanol/water mixture

Silica is one of the most ideal matrixes for curcumin (Cur) since it may improve the dispersing ability and stability of Cur in aqueous media much effectively. In this work, the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and ammonia on dispersing and stability of curcumin (Cur) in ethanol/water mixture (3:7 in volume) was systemically investigated for the design and preparation of Cur doped silica particles. In the mixture with low ammonia concentration, i.e., 0.2 mM (pH=9.5), in which Cur mainly existed in the protonated form (Cur/Cur-), the formation of CTAB micelles was effective to promote the dispersing of Cur/Cur- species. In the mixture with high ammonia concentration, i.e., 300 mM (pH=11.5), in which the deprotonated Cur, Cur2-/Cur3- were the dominant species, the addition of CTAB is effective to promote further conversion of Cur/Cur- species into Cur2-/Cur3- ones and suppress the reverse process to some extent. Due to the protection of CTAB micelles, both stability and emission efficiency of the Cur2-/Cur3- species were significantly improved in the alkaline media. Direct addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) into the mixture with optimized concentrations of ammonia and CTAB allowed the in-situ preparation of Cur doped silica (Cur-SiO2) particles. The Cur-SiO2 particles presented greatly improved dispersing ability and responsive ability towards Cu2+ in aqueous media, attributed to the protection effect of silica matrix.

Hierarchical porous HKUST-1 fabricated by microwave-assisted synthesis with CTAB for enhanced adsorptive removal of benzothiophene from fuel

• Hierarchical porous defective HKUST-1 rapidly obtained by microwave-assisted method. • Enhanced benzothiophene removal from fuel by defective HKUST-1 over HKUST-1. • Defective HKUST-1 exposes more active sites and facilitates adsorbates diffusion. • CTAB-H-0.5 shows excellent adsorption and regeneration performance for BT removal. Ultra-deep removal of thiophene sulfides from transportation fuel via adsorption has aroused great attention under the pressure of gradually demanding environmental regulations. The development of high-efficiency adsorbents is the key to adsorptive desulfurization for producing clean transportation fuels. In this work, a microwave-assisted synthesis method was applied to rapidly fabricate hierarchical porous defective HKUST-1 (DEHKUST-1) towards removing benzothiophene from model fuel by selective adsorption. The effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dosage, adsorption temperature and adsorption contact time on the DEHKUST-1 desulfurization performance were systematically investigated. The characterization results proved that both metal clusters and linker defects were generated in the as-prepared DEHKUST-1. CTAB as template could modulate the pore distribution and introduce reasonable defects in the framework of HKUST-1. At CTAB: Cu 2+ = 0.5 by mole ratio, a regular mesoporous distribution of 25–30 nm could be obtained with DEHKUST-1; it exhibited an impressive enhancement in adsorptive desulphurization performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent attained 14.4 mg S/g adsorbent at 20 °C in 4 h. Even after CTAB-H-0.5 was regenerated six times, its adsorption capacity remained 93% as that of the as-prepared adsorbent. An adsorption mechanism was proposed to illustrate the promoting desulfurization performance by introduction of hierarchical porous in HKUST-1. By virtue of the rapid synthesis and remarkable benzothiophene removal capacity, the DEHKUST-1 could be a potential adsorbent in desulfurization from real fuels.

The Effect of CTAB on Bentonite for Slow Release Fertilizer

Effect of CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide) surfactant concentration on synthesized CTAB modified bentonite and release of NPK has been studied. Besides, the release kinetic model was also determined. Characterizations of the modified bentonite were done using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The amount of released NPK was analyzed using Spectrophotometer UV-Visible and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). The release kinetics of NPK were determined using zeroth, first, second, pseudo-first, pseudo-second order, and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics models. The result of the study showed that CTAB modified bentonite has been successfully synthesized for NPK slow-release fertilizer. The CTAB concentration in CTAB modified bentonite affects the amount of NPK released out of bentonite and also could reduce the release of NPK. Among modified bentonite synthesized, CMB-3 (bentonite modified by CTAB 2 times CEC of bentonite) could reduce NPK release rate in water very well. The release kinetic of NPK followed the pseudo-second order kinetics model, with the release rate constant (k) of N, P, and K were 0.0027, 0.0540, and 0.0169 g mg−1 day−1, respectively.

Role of ionic surfactants on the plasmonic oxidative dissolution of silver nanoparticles by ferric ions

Effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the optical sensing of AgNPs toward ferric ions were investigated spectrophotometrically in an aqueous media. Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) intensity of AgNPs was decreases after addition of ferric ions at room temperature. CTAB and SDS, respectively, catalyzed and inhibited the oxidative dissolution rates of AgNPs. The redox reaction between AgNPs and Fe3+ ions proceeds through the complex formation. The reaction follows first-, and fractional-order kinetics with AgNPs and Fe3+ ions, respectively. CTAB catalytic role was explained with micellar pseudo-phase model, and associated parameters were estimated. The activation parameters (Ea, ΔH#, and ΔS#) were found to be 23.7 kJ/mol, 16.6 kJ/mol, −226 J/K/mol, and 16.5 kJ/mol, 13.5 kJ/mol, −238 J/K/mol for aqueous and CTAB assisted dissolution of AgNPs. SDS coordinated with Fe3+ through electrostatic interactions in pre-, and post-micellar region, which in turn reduces the electron gaining tendency of Fe3+, and overall rates of sensing reaction decreases.

Effect of CTABr (surfactant) on the kinetics of formation of silver nanoparticles by Amla extract

The work reported for the first time in this article describes the kinetic study of silver nanoparticles formation using Phyllanthus emblica amla extract. The synthesized silver particles exhibit an intense surface plasmon resonance band in the visible region at 455 nm. The variation in concentrations of amla extract, Ag+ ions, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTABr), and reaction time play crucial roles for nucleus formation and the growth processes. The Ag+ ions reduction into metallic Ag0 is due to the presence of polyphenolic groups in the amla extract and thereafter, their agglomeration into nanoparticles. Due to the formation of spherical Ag-nanoparticles there is a appearance of a sharp surface plasmon resonance band in the UV–visible region. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR techniques.

Study on the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on gas-liquid flow characteristics at low gas flow rates and gas pressure

Cenomanian gas deposits account for about 80% of natural gas production in Russia. Today, mature Cenomanian gas fields are depleted by more than 75% on average, the reservoir pressure in the productive formation zone has decreased by almost 90% compared to the initial pressure and in some places reaches 1.0-1.5 MPa. Reduction of pressure in the pay zone leads to active intrusion of water from the aquifer. The liquid is loading the well, and gas production decreases. The technology of gas well operation with foaming agent is widespread in the world, which is characterized by a high level of efficiency, including economic. The use of technology leads to a solution to the liquid loading and requires a preliminary selection of the optimal concentration of surfactants. The optimal concentration should ensure the creation of a relatively stable foam and provide a minimum pressure gradient in the production tubing. The article presents the results of studies of CTAB foaming agent influence on the process of liquid removal and pressure gradient in production tubing. Sequential studies to determine CMC, foamability, foam stability, and pressure gradient under foam flow were conducted on small-scale and large-scale facilities. These results can be reliable when using CTAB foaming agent, foaming agents based on it, or other cationic foaming agents in Cenomanian gas wells under the condition of reservoir water inflow. Besides, the effect of pressure on the optimal concentration of the foaming agent was also studied in this work.