Effect Of Building Materials Research Articles

Effects of Building Materials on Sustainable Facade Design

Facade designs are crucial in creating the identity of buildings, as they allow buildings to interact with users, form ideas,and evoke curiosity. Designers have been working to develop materials for facades since 7000 BC, with sustainability beinga key subheading in the innovation process. Sustainable architecture has evolved, influenced by lifestyles, geographicalconditions, social and physical needs, and economic reasons. Through the examination of many instances of the material'shistorical evolution, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impacts of the material that is utilized in sustainablebuilding designs. It also examines examples of the use of nanotechnological facade materials, which are among thesustainable facade technologies of the future. Within this context, the methods being followed about the issue have beendetermined and the possible solutions have been discussed.

Effect of building materials on temperature evolution inside the premises in Algeria

The building sector is partially in charge of the exhaustion of conventional energy sources, global warming, and environmental pollution. This experimental investigation is devoted to the study of the thermal behaviourof three different building materials used in Algeria, namely sheep wool, traditional brick, and ordinary brick, under real conditions. Three identical chambers were built made of the above-citedmaterials. Three temperature sensors were placed in the center of the three chambers, which were aligned and separated by approximately 10 cm. The digital acquisition system based on the Arduino board allows us to measure and record temperatures in the middle of the three well-closed rooms for one day (day and night) by one-minute steps. The temperature of the ambient air (outdoor temperature),used as areference, wastaken too. It is found that the thermo-physical properties (thermal diffusivity) of the building materials, in addition to the thickness of the building envelope (walls and roof), play an important role in the heat exchangebetween the indoor and outdoor. This study aims to encourage the reuse of the traditional bricks seen their advantages in energy saving and environmental preservation.

Effects of Building Materials on Building Thermal Load in Malaysian Institutional Library

Green building, net-zero energy building, low energy building, and sustainable building are the common terms being used in the building industry nowadays, with the primary aim to produce buildings with low energy and low carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Different types of building materials can have significant implications for energy efficiency, especially in the warming climate. The energy crisis, future global warming, and climate change can be mitigated by choosing the right building materials, which will also lower the building's energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. This paper presents the effects of different building materials on the cooling capacity and cooling energy consumption of a building for four (4) different climate change weather data, namely, the present time scenario, the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s time scenario using TRNSYS simulation software. The main library of a university in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, was chosen as the case study. Three (3) types of building materials were studied, namely, Type 1 (brick walls with single-glazed windows), Type 2 (foam insulation cavity walls with double-glazed windows), and Type 3 (air gap cavity walls with double-glazed windows). The simulation results showed that the Type 2 building materials could reduce the yearly cooling energy consumption by 14.5%, compared with the current building materials (brick walls with single-glazed windows). The Type 3 building materials (air gap cavity walls with double-glazed windows) with the lower installation were wound to reduce the yearly cooling energy consumption by 9% compared with the Type 1 building materials. For architects, designers, politicians, and library administrators, the research's conclusions have immediate practical implications that will help them make decisions and implement energy-saving plans. In the end, this research helps libraries in Malaysia remain sustainable and resilient in the face of global warming and the energy crisis.

A Research About The Effect of Building Materials on Indoor Air Quality

Sanayi devriminden önce yapı malzemeleri doğal ve yalın halleriyle yapılarda kullanılabilmekteydi. Sanayi devriminden sonra yapı malzemelerinin endüstride üretilmesi sürecinde, fabrikalarda kullanılan kimyasallar, yapıştırıcı ve vernikler nedeniyle uçucu organik bileşik, formaldehit gibi kullanıcının sağlığına zararlı bileşenler malzemenin yapısına işlenmektedir. Bu zararlı bileşenleri içeren yapı malzemelerinin yapılarda kullanılmasıyla iç mekan hava kalitesi bozulmakta ve insan sağlığı için risk oluşturmaktadır. Bununla birlikte hasta bina sendromu gibi bina ile ilişkili hastalıklar, kullanıcılarda ortaya çıkmakta ve çalışma verimliliğinin de düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, iç mekan hava kalitesine etkileri nedeniyle yapı malzemelerinin özellikleri ve bu özelliklere göre seçimi önemli olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yapı malzemelerinin iç mekan hava kalitesine etkisi üzerine bir araştırma yapmak amaçlanmaktadır ve yapılarda kullanıcı konforunun sağlanabilmesi için iç mekan hava kalitesinde yapı malzemelerinin rolü ele alınmaktadır. Bu makalede yapı malzemelerinin türlerine göre, iç mekan hava kalitesi üzerindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri belirlenmiştir. Malzemelerin içerisindeki toksik madde türüne, emisyon ve koku salınımına göre yapı ürünlerinin fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerinin iç hava üzerindeki rolü ortaya konulmuştur.

The effect of the reciprocal relations of the deterioration symptoms in different building materials in some of historic Cairo's buildings

In the present study, since historic Cairo established, limestone and woods have been used for building construction alongside. The building materials representingcase studies in historic Cairo are affected by different deterioration factors, such as rising ground water level, the salt weathering, air pollution, frequency between temperatureandrelative humidity, and microbiological deterioration.From case studies survey various types of weathering forms were observed, such as granular disintegration, splitting in the wooden lintel, the efflorescence of salt, pitting in limestone surface, black spots in limestone surface due to microbiological deterioration, black crust and peeling, flaking of painting layers, etc. The aim of this study is to identify on the reciprocal relations ofthe deterioration symptoms in different building materials (limestonewood) used in some of historic Cairo's buildings. The samples were collected from different sites, investigated by several scientific techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), EDX analytical methods, Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIR) to detect the changes of the main wood components (cellulose,, lignin), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Polarizing Light Microscopy (PLM), Stereo Microscopy, and microbiological investigation were also done. The results of the study indicated that there was a fungal infection on the surface of limestone, in particular which is found close to the wooden elements, microbiological investigation was shownthe following fungi:,,,,,. From investigation of wood samples are shown that there is a rise moisture content in the wood materials, due to direct connection between them and adjacent the stones, in addition to crystallized salts found in wood fiber and internal structure of limestone, such as NaCl, CaSO4.2H2O, CaSO4; due to the effect ofbuilding material properties on each other. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical properties tests of building materials indicated that reduction in its properties.

Research Method for the Selection of Building Materials and a Model Proposal

In environmentally-friendly architectural approaches, the importance of the building materials in the construction of buildings is undeniable. As with all products, the environmental effect of building materials is defined according to many environmental impact classes, and the values of such classes expressed in line with various criteria. In an environmentally-friendly architectural approach, criteria, such as embodied energy and local resource reserves play a significant role in the selection of materials. Therefore, a mixed material selection method that allows the comparison of different criteria and that lists them as part of a multiple-criteria decision-making method is indispensable when deciding upon the most appropriate materials. This study proposes a material selection model that is based on the Life Cycle Assessment method, and which can be used by all architects and disciplines, particularly in the construction sector. This study tests the model to support its validity.

The Traditional House with Horizontal Opening: A Trend towards Zero-energy House in the Hot, Dry Climates

The aim of this article is to study by numerical simulation with the TRNSYS-COMIS software, the thermo-aeraulic behavior of a traditional house with a horizontal opening in the central space of the house, and in the city of Kenadsa (southwestern Algeria, hot dry climate). In these regions with hot, dry climates, traditional architecture was developed using empirical knowledge provided by a combination of passive strategies for thermal control, results of a thorough knowledge of weather conditions. The paper presented in the context of this work is related to an attempt to bioclimatic architectural approach, to reduce the energy consumption of heating and cooling of buildings in these areas, while improving thermal comfort. This approach aims to improve the quality of the built environment by developing a new or updated conceptual model, firstly by enhancing local natural resources, and secondly by processing information through scientific tools [1]. Several variants were examined: dimension of the horizontal opening, combination with other openings (of ventilation holes in the parts around the central space, and stairwell) and the effect of building materials used in the building fabric. The proposed model for the simulation of horizontal opening home is validated with an experimental study [2]. The results of this study are presented in the form of hot and cold hours in a year, maximum and minimum indoor comfort temperatures, and frequency of effective ventilation per person as air quality performance indicator in each room.

Research on the Board of Supervisors Effect of Building Materials in SMEs

This paper made an empirical analysis on the board of supervisors system implementation effect of building materials in SMEs . The author discovered that there was no obvious linear relation between board of supervisors characteristic and the connected sale;The board of supervisors scale and the stock supervisor proportion had no remarkable influence to the connected scales; But the board of supervisors conference number every year had remarkable positive correlation with the connected procurement. The real diagnosis results had reflected that our board of supervisors was invalid to some extent in China.

Environment-Friendly Assessment of Passive Apartment House Based on Major Building Materials in Korea

The purpose of this study is to assess environmental friendliness of passive apartment house based on major building materials in Korea. To accomplish this, stage-wise quantity information of life cycle and energy consumption data were established on major materials through theoretical consideration on life cycle assessment. In addition, basic unit database from Korean LCI DB was utilized to assess and analyze characterization value of global warming assessment. As a result, the value of global warming was smaller in passive apartment house in comparison to general apartment house. As the effect of building materials in construction stage was analyzed to be greater than the effect of energy consumption in operation stage, development of diverse building materials taking environmental impact into account is deemed necessary.

Knowledge Sharing of Research Information for Construction Health and Safety Practices

Few studies have been conducted on the health and safety effects of building materials. This study develops an evaluation method that is used to identify the presence of hazardous substances from building materials and assess their public health impact. Research findings confirm the existence of large amounts of hazardous substances in most of the man-made products. The current information on building products and their effects to human are limited and not easily accessed. There is a need for improved knowledge sharing on building materials information that would be the greatest investments to health and safety in the built environment industry.

Lessons Learned from Exposure to Building Materials

Published studies demonstrated evidences of harmful emissions and substances from selected building materials that contributed to dust, poor air quality, respiratory problems and several chronic diseases. Stakeholders in confined spaces face high risk exposures. This study aims to address the concerns of building materials on human health and the environment. The paper reviews the effects on lessons to be learned from the effects of building materials. It discusses on the available hazard information based on required classification on materials. The paper concludes on the needs for availability, accessibility and understandable information on building materials.

Effect of Building Materials on Numerical Simulation of the District Heating within the Typical Building in Beijing

In order to reduce energy consumption and analyze energy-saving potential of building materials, the principle of the energy equilibrium is applied to establish the relationship between outdoor temperature, supply and return water temperature of heating system. A numerical simulation model of supply and return water temperature is deduced. Based on the predicted air temperatures and observed indoor temperature from Haiyuan community,a simulation experiment is executed. The experiments show that the root mean square error between simulated indoor temperature and required temperature (20°C) is 0.26°C, root mean square error between predicted and observed supply water temperature is 3.76°C. When the heat transfer coefficient is decreased by 10%, the predicted supply water temperature and return water temperature is decreased 3.8% and 3.2%, respectively. This means the prediction model has a good quality.

Gamma dose rate measurements in dwellings of Campania region, South Italy

A survey of gamma exposure in dwellings of Campania region, southern Italy has been performed using Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters (TLD). In each dwelling TLDs were exposed for six months in the room where the inhabitant spent most of their time, generally the bedroom or living room. The arithmetic mean was found to be 264 ± 111 nGy/h, after the subtraction of the cosmic contribution. The effects of building materials and geographic location were also examined. Using UNSCEAR model, the annual effective dose due to indoor gamma radiation was evaluated and it was found to be 1.3 mSv/y, that is higher than Italian national average of 0.4 mSv/y.

Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients of some building materials available in Egypt

Mass attenuation coefficients of various types of building materials were measured using a high-resolution HPGe spectrometer detector. Samples were irradiated by gamma-rays emitted from point sources of 241Am, 133Ba, 60Co and 137Cs. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations of XCOM code. The effectiveness of building materials in shielding were determined over the range 50–3000 keV. Finally, the protection efficiency of walls and roofs from radiation exposure were determined. The effectiveness of all tested building materials was better than the internationally accepted limit, and they are therefore acceptable for use.

調湿建材の使用が室内環境及び人体に与える影響調査に関する研究

調湿建材の使用が室内環境及び人体に与える影響調査に関する研究

Effect of the thermal conductivity of building materials on the steady-state thermal behaviour of underground building envelopes

Using a mathematical model of heat transfer of basement, the calculation area is divided into eight rectangles according to the interzone temperature profile estimation (ITPE) technology, and the solution obtained for all the parts by the separation of variables technique. During the solution, the Fourier coefficients are determined by the continuity of the heat flux and boundary conditions, as a result, a system of linear equation group including 14 N equations has been obtained. The effect of building materials on the temperature and heat flux for the building envelope has been evaluated by calculating the temperature and heat flux for three buildings built with different building materials. The results show that the highest relative error in heat flux among the three envelopes built with various non-insulation material is 27.8%, which indicates the thermal conductivity of the building materials is an important factor of the heat transfer of the envelope.

Effects of building materials on UHF ranging signals

Positioning and tracking inside buildings using wireless location methods has recently received considerable attention. One method is the estimation of the time of arrival of satellite or terrestrial-based radio frequency signals in order to produce ranges from the transmitter to the receiver. This paper investigates the effect of walls made of various construction materials on the penetration of ranging signals. In the tests conducted, a GPS pseudo-satellite transmits a pseudorandom noise code at a carrier frequency of 1.57542 GHz. After penetrating walls made of plywood, gyprock and cinder blocks, the signal is received by a GPS receiver which measures the carrier phase and the pseudorange between the transmitter and receiver using code correlation. Compared to measurements obtained with no walls present, the effect on the measurements is determined. The results indicate that the carrier phase measurement is superior to the pseudorange in terms of noise, stability, and the magnitude of the effect of the walls on the range obtained. Ranges based on the carrier phase only change by a few centimeters. Given that the integer number of cycles of the phase can be determined and phase lock is maintained, the carrier phase measurement shows considerable promise for indoor ranging.

Passive solar energy and thermal mass: the implications of environmental analysis

The utilization of solar energy involves an interplay between heating demand and the use of building materials. It is therefore important to use environmental analysis methodologies which take into account the effects of building materials. Two typical construction types, lightweight timber-based and heavyweight concrete-based, are therefore compared using specific housing forms. These forms represent differing passive solar strategies that can be seen in contemporary Danish housing. The results highlight the diversity of effective environmental design strategies available to architects.

Effect of Building Materials and Ventilation on Indoor Air Pollution by Formaldehyde.

The effect of building materials and ventilation on the indoor formaldehyde concentration was studied in three houses built by the same company. Formaldehyde in indoor air was adsorbed on DNPH-cartridge by suction using a diaphragm air pump, eluted with acetonitrile and determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Formaldehyde emission from various building materials was determined by the desiccator method defined in Japanese Industrial Standard A5908. In the case of the house built using flooring emitting a considerable amount of formaldehyde, concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air was higher than that of the Japanese guideline, 100 μg/m3 even after one year. When the house was built with the building materials ranked the F1 (average value lower than 0.5 mg/l) grade, which is defined as the highest rank by Japanese Agricultural Standard, formaldehyde concentration in indoor air did not exceed the guideline value even just after the construction. Indoor formaldehyde concentration under unventilated conditions was 1.5 to 3 times those under mechanical ventilated conditions. These results indicated that indoor air pollution by formaldehyde was dependent on the building materials and ventilation rates.

Biological Effects of Building Materials in Coal Mining

Biological Effects of Building Materials in Coal Mining