Effect Of Aspirin Administration Research Articles

Effect of aspirin administration on body weight and liver enzymes in male rats

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of aspirin on body weight and some liver enzyme in rats. The study was done in Veterinary Medicine College, Baghdad University. We used seventy two male rats and randomly divided into three groups (24 in each group). Group-1 was considered as control, Group-2 animals were treated by 40 mg/kg body weight (low-dose) of asprin and the Group-3 was treated by 100 mg/kg body weight (high-dose) of aspirin. The results showed no significant difference in bodyweight gain from 0 to 10 days in all groups, while the low and high-dose asprin treated rats showed decline in bodyweight gain on day 20 and day 30 of aspirin treatment. The liver enzymes, AST and ALT, increased significantly in high-dose of aspirin treated group on day 20 and 30 while the ALP was increased on all time-points in high-dose asprin treated group.

Effect of aspirin administration on reversal of tumor-induced suppression of myelopoiesis in T-cell lymphoma bearing host

The present investigation studied the effect of aspirin administration in tumor-bearing hosts on bone marrow cellularity and myelopoiesis. Aspirin administration to mice bearing a transplantable T-cell lymphoma, designated as Dalton's lymphoma (DL), augmented proliferation of bone marrow cells (BMC). BMC of aspirin-administered tumor-bearing mice were found to be predominantly in the S phase of cell cycle releasing them from G0/G1 arrest. Aspirin-exposed BMC also showed an altered expression of survival and cell cycle regulatory proteins p53, bcl2, caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), cyclin B1 and cyclin D. Moreover, the BMC of aspirin-administered tumor-bearing mice showed an augmented colony-forming ability and differentiation in the macrophage lineage with an activated phenotype of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) with respect to macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity and production of nitric oxide, IL-1β, TNFα and VEGF. On the other hand aspirin administration to normal mice showed little effect on bone marrow cellularity and myeloid differentiation. In this model, aspirin had a myelopoetic action in tumor-bearing host.

Effect of aspirin administration for the treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat model

To explore the therapeutic effects of aspirin on postmenopausal osteoporosis and understand its action mechanism. Forty three-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): sham group, OVX group and aspirin groups (A1, A2 & A3). The OVX and aspirin groups were ovariectomized (OVX). All rats underwent BMD (bone mineral density) scan at the time of OVX and 3 months after OVX. After the animal model of osteoporosis was established, aspirin groups were intragastrically administered at a dose of 8.93 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) (A1), 26.79 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) (A2) and 80.36 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) (A3) daily in OVX rats. Three months later, the BMD and micro-architecture of vertebrae were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and microtomography. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were measured in peripheral blood. The trabecular architecture changes were observed by histomorphology. Axial compression tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of vertebral specimens and three-point bending tests used for femur shaft. Three months after ovariectomy, BMD was significantly lower than preoperative. BMD in aspirin treated groups was significantly higher than that in OVX group. Alkaline phosphatase in peripheral blood decreased significantly in aspirin groups than those in OVX, but osteocalcin had no significant difference between aspirin and OVX groups. The microtomography reconstruction analysis also showed that the trabecular thickness, trabecular number and BMD increased significantly in aspirin groups than those in OVX. And there was no significant difference between A3 and sham groups. The results of biomechanical test showed that the maximum compression load of lumbar spine and three-point bending load of femur shaft were significantly higher in aspirin groups than those in OVX group. Aspirin can promote trabecular bone remodeling, improve three-dimensional structure of trabecular bone and increase bone density of cancellous in osteoporotic rats by stimulating bone formation. It may become a new drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Aspirin-induced platelet inhibition in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Platelet function and response to pharmacological inhibition are altered by cardiac surgery. For example, aggregation is increased early after aortic valve replacement (AVR) and platelet response to aspirin is often insufficient after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We hypothesized that the effect of aspirin administration after cardiac surgery might be impaired due to platelet activation. Therefore, the antiplatelet effect of aspirin was compared in patients (n = 20 per group) after CABG and AVR surgery (bileaflet prosthesis). Arachidonic acid-induced aggregation (turbidimetry) and thromboxane formation (radioimmunoassay) were determined before and 1, 5, and 10 days after surgery. In CABG-patients, antiplatelet treatment had been discontinued 10 days before surgery. Oral aspirin was started on day 1 after CABG. AVR-patients did not receive oral aspirin. Before surgery, platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation were significantly higher in patients with aortic stenosis. After CABG, thromboxane formation was not significantly changed from control values before surgery (66 ± 13% on day 10) despite oral aspirin treatment, whereas thromboxane formation in patients undergoing AVR significantly increased compared to values before surgery (216 ± 29% on day 10). In both groups of patients, 100 µmol/l aspirin in vitro largely inhibited platelet function before surgery, with markedly attenuated effects after surgery. In conclusion, thromboxane formation increased after AVR but not after CABG. The antiplatelet effect of aspirin, therefore, may be impaired after CABG by increased platelet activity. An additional in vitro “resistance” of platelets was seen after both CABG and AVR.

The effect of aspirin administration and parity on plasma salicylate concentrations and postpartum reproductive parameters in Brahman cows

Forty pluriparous (M) and 20 primiparous (P) suckled Brahman cows were used to evaluate the effect of aspirin and parity on plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F 2α (PGFM) and progesterone (P 4) concentrations and some reproductive parameters. On Day 7 after calving (PP), the cows were allocated within parity into 2 groups: the aspirin group received concentrate containing aspirin at a rate of 100 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h until Day 13 PP; and the control received concentrate every 12 h for the same interval. Blood samples were collected after first and last aspirin feeding and daily from Day 1 PP to Day 6 PP and from Day 14 PP to Day 21 PP, twice daily from Day 7 PP to Day 13 PP, and weekly until first non-return to estrus. Plasma salicylate concentrations in the aspirin group cows were affected by parity ( P < 0.01) and time after feeding ( P < 0.0001). P cows showed higher plasma salicylate concentrations with a later peak and slower decrease than M cows. Aspirin-treated P cows had longer PP intervals than either control P, control M, or aspirin-treated M cows. Cows receiving aspirin had a lower pregnancy rate, an increased incidence of abnormal estrous cycles, and a decline in the presence of corpora lutea after estrus. Cows that formed a corpora lutea and had received aspirin had higher P 4 release between Day 6 and 14 after estrus. Aspirin-treated cows that did not form corpora lutea had lower P 4 release between Days 9 and 14 after estrus. A treatment by parity interaction affected mean PGFM proportions ( P < 0.01) during the treatment period. Aspirin-fed P cows increased PGFM release as measured by mean proportion of Day 6 PP values. Aspirin-fed M cows showed a decrease in mean PGFM proportions. Aspirin feeding during the early PP showed different effects on some reproductive parameters in P and M Brahman cows, indicating differences in PP physiology between parities.

Weakness of mucosal barrier in portal hypertensive gastropathy of alcoholic cirrhosis. Effects of propranolol and enprostil

Background/Aims: It has been suggested that the vulnerability of gastric mucosa is increased in patients with cirrhosis as a result of a PGE2 deficiency. Therefore, we evaluated whether PGE2 mucosal generation, and gastric potential difference - a reflection of the gastric mucosal barrier - were correlated to endoscopic features and whether these alterations could be alleviated. Methods: The potential difference was measured before (basal) and after a stimulation test by aspirin. The serum levels of gastrin and glucagon were also determined. Finally, the effects of a 1-week administration of propranolol or enprostil were tested on potential difference. The endoscopic grade of portal hypertensive gastropathy was assessed according to McCormack et al. The results are presented respectively for controls, patients with mild gastropathy, and patients with severe gastropathy. Comparisons were made using variance or covariance analysis after adjustment with age. Results: Basal potential difference was significantly different betweeen the three groups: −30.6, −28.8, t-24.9 mV, p<0.05, respectively. The effects of aspirin administration on potential difference parameters were significantly different between the three groups (irritability index: 35±25, 92±98, 114±74 mV 2 · min, p<0.05, respectively) when non-responders to aspirin were excluded. PGE2 mucosal generation was significantly increased in both the antrum (9.8, 19.5, 19.7 ng/mg proteins, p<0.05, respectively) and in the corpus (8.1, 14.0, 20.2 ng/mg proteins, p<0.05, respectively). PGE2 generation was not related to potential difference. Glucagon serum levels were related to the grade of gastropathy. A 1-week administration of 160 mg/d long-acting propranolol, 35 μg/d enprostil or placebo did not significantly modify basal potential difference. Conclusions: Portal hypertensive gastropathy is characterized by a decreased potential difference proportional to the endoscopic severity. The gastric mucosa of patients with cirrhosis seems to be more susceptible to aspirin than that of healthy subjects. It appears that the role of PGE2 is controversial in portal hypertensive gastropathy. Propranolol and enprostil do not improve this decreased potential difference.

A Sex-dependent Effect of Aspirin on Platelet Membrane Fluidity

Aspirin, 250 mg/day, was administered to 14 normolipidemic healthy subjects for 7 days. Platelet lipid composition was determined in washed platelets by quantitating cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio. Platelet membrane fluidity was measured by steady state fluorescence polarization using the probe diphenyl hexatriene. Upon 7 days aspirin ingestion platelet lipid composition was not altered. There was a sex-dependent effect of aspirin administration on platelet membrane fluidity. Whereas overall platelet membrane fluidity did not change at 37°C, there was a significant decrease in female subjects; the anisotropy parameter which is inversely related to membrane fluidity increased from 0.937±0.043-1.048 ±0.027 (p<0.01). In male subjects there was an increase in platelet membrane fluidity, which was significant at 25° C; the anisotropy parameter decreased from 1.350 ± 0.039-1.283±0.023 (p < 0.05). These results indicate that aspirin alters the membrane dynamics of platelets. This effect results from mechanisms other than alterations in platelet cholesterol or phospholipid content and operates in an opposite direction in men and women.

Aspirin sensitive rhinosinusitis: the clinical syndrome and effects of aspirin administration

Nineteen aspirin sensitive adult patients were identified who experienced naso-ocular responses without associated bronchospasm during standardized oral aspirin challenge. These 19 patients exhibited the characteristics of the aspirin triad except asthma. These included hypertrophic rhinitis with or without associated nasal polyps, abnormal sinus roentgenograms, nasal eosinophilia, aspirin-provoked responses of the upper airway identical to those observed in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics, capacity of the upper airway to be desensitized to aspirin, and cross-reactivity andlor cross-desensitization of the upper airway to indomethacin. Of the 17 patients who were treated with daily aspirin after desensitization, 77% experienced improvement in their nasal symptoms.

273 Aspirin sensitive rhinosinusitis without asthma: The clinical syndrome and effects of aspirin administration

273 Aspirin sensitive rhinosinusitis without asthma: The clinical syndrome and effects of aspirin administration

Effects of aspirin on blood plasma levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in maturing male rats.

Effects of aspirin administration (5 mg/100 g body weight) for various days were observed on the hormonal levels of maturing male rats. Aspirin was given orally every day for 8, 15, 22 and 30 days. No change in the weights of testes, epididymis, prostate or seminal vesicles was observed after treatment. While aspirin administration for 8 days caused an increase in the plasma testosteone level with decrease in both LH and FSH levels, prolonged treatment for 15 days and more produced a reverse effect, viz. decrease in plasma testosterone and increase in plasma LH and FSH levels. Testicular ascorbic acid content was found to decrease on the 15th and the 22nd day of treatment. Testicular cholesterol was increased after 22nd and 30th days of treatment. Prostatic acid phosphatase activity decreased in all the treated groups. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.

Effect of aspirin administration on retinoic acid toxicity in mice.

THIS study was designed to provide an indirect assessment of the possible role of prostaglandins in retinoid intoxication. If the symptoms of retinoid toxicity are mediated by prostaglandins, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis should ameliorate the symptoms of sublethal intoxication and perhaps even increase the lifespan of mice treated with lethal doses of retinoids. The observations reported here indicate that aspirin can antagonise the toxic effects of retinoic acid.

Effects of aspirin on renal sodium excretion, blood pressure, and plasma and extracellular fluid volume in salt-loaded rats

The effect of aspirin administration and presumed blockade of prostaglandin synthesis on renal sodium excretion, plasma and extracellular fluid volumes, and blood pressure were examined in rats on a high sodium intake. After acute salt loading aspirin treated rats showed an impaired sodium excretion, while no changes in glomerular filtration rate were observed. In chronically loaded rats (7 weeks) administration of aspirin induced significant increases in both plasma and extracellular fluid volume, but no significant changes in blood pressure were found. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that prostaglandins mediate renal sodium excretion and therefore participate in extracellular fluid volume regulation.

Effects of aspirin on renal sodium excretion, blood pressure, and plasma and extracellular fluid volume in salt-loaded rats

The effect of aspirin administration and presumed blockade of prostaglandin synthesis on renal sodium excretion, plasma and extracellular fluid volumes, and blood pressure were examined in rats on a high sodium intake. After acute salt loading aspirin treated rats showed an impaired sodium excretion, while no changes in glomerular filtration rate were observed. In chronically loaded rats (7 weeks) administration of aspirin induced significant increases in both plasma and extracellular fluid volume, but no significant changes in blood pressure were found. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that prostaglandins mediate renal sodium excretion and therefore participate in extracellular fluid volume regulation.

Effect of aspirin administration on serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases in children.

SummaryThe effect of aspirin and of sodium salicylate administration on the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity in 14 children and its effect on both the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase in an additional 9 children has been studied. Elevations to abnormal levels were observed in more than 50% of the cases. The importance of this finding in relation to the interpretation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase elevations in rheumatic fever is pointed out and some possible underlying reasons for this phenomenon are mentioned.