Effect Of Aluminum Chloride Research Articles

The effect of aluminum chloride on testicular biometry, hormonal profiles, spermatozoa quality, and spermatogenic cell morphology in mice.

Infertility is defined as failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The prevalence of couples with infertility increases every year. Treatment success for male infertility remains suboptimal despite the advancements of the therapies. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of spermatogenesis is needed to improve existing infertility treatments. Animal models are commonly used in studies regarding male infertility. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) has been established as an infertility-inducing agent. This study investigates the optimal dosage of AlCl3 in infertility mice models. Male Balb/c mice, aged 3 months and have proven to be fertile with an average body weight of 26, 96, randomly assigned to four groups. The control group received oral gavage with sterile aquadest, while the treatment groups were administrated AlCl3 at doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg BW orally over a 53-day period. Assessment of the sperm motility, concentration, morphology, viability, hormone levels, and testicular histopathology were included in this study. Administration of AlCl3 did not significantly affect body weight, testicular weight, and hormone levels. However, semen analysis showed a reduction in seminal parameters among treatment groups, supported by testicular histopathology. Utilizing AlCl3 to induce infertility in mice models is not quite effective and displayed variable efficacy across different dosages. Further investigations are needed to elucidate optimal dosage, route of administration, and timing to establish reliable mice infertility models.

Protective effect of propolis against aluminum chloride-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the reproductive organs, as well as, the protective effect of propolis against AlCl3-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Eighty adult male fertile Sprague Dawley albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 20 each. Group 1: served as control group and received only distilled water. Group 2: received a daily ingestion of 80 mg/kg of AlCl3. Group 3: received a daily ingestion of 200 mg/kg of an ethanol extract of propolis. Group 4: received a daily ingestion of 80 mg/kg of AlCl3 in addition to 200 mg/kg of an ethanol extract of propolis. The duration of experiment was six weeks. At the end of the experiment, the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate glands and epididymides were dissected out, and weighed. Sperm characteristics were evaluated and plasma testosterone level was estimated. There were no significant changes between the control and the propolis-treated group. AlCl3-treated group showed a highly significant decrease in the index weights of testes and prostate glands, a highly significant lower sperm count, motility and viability, a highly significant increase in the number of abnormal sperms, as well as, a highly significant decrease in serum testosterone level (p < 0.001), compared to control. Rats of AlCl3+propolis-treated group showed a highly significant improvement in all previous alterations. In conclusion, propolis appeared to ameliorate AlCl3-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.

Effect of aluminum chloride against changes of the histological structure of the cerebral cortex of mice (swiss webster)

The toxicity of metal to living organisms, including human beings, was discovered a long time ago. In the present time, aluminum exposure is widely used for wrapping food to keep it taste and smell. However it will affect to human health security, specially the brain. This study aimed to investigate the changes of histological Structure on the cerebral cortex caused by aluminum chloride. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with AlCl3 200 mg per kg body weight, once every 3 days, totalizing 10 administrations. Control only was administration distilled water. Histological observations were carried out using the paraffin method. The results of this study show that aluminum chloride cause disorganization of the laminated cerebral cortex, vacuolization, karyolysis, congestion, and hemorrhage. The mice of one and two-months of age group were more susceptible to aluminum chloride than the mice of the three-months of age group. This research can apply for an assessment of the exposure risk to heavy metal. Increasing Al contamination can occur naturally or by anthropogenic activities. The accumulation of the heavy metal in the organism can occur by biomagnification, by which heavy metal is passed from one trophic level to the next within a food web. Therefore communities that live in urban areas potentially exposed to metals aluminum and should be more concerned related to understanding health risks. Further studies are needed to examine the

Effects of aluminum chloride and coenzyme Q10 on the molecular structure of lipids and the morphology of the brain hippocampus cells.

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a neurotoxic substance, while coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is considered a lipid antioxidant. Herein, their effects on the molecular structure of lipids and the morphology of the hippocampus brain tissue were investigated. Three groups of Wistar albino male rats were used in this study. For four weeks, one group was kept as a control group; the second group was given AlCl3; the third group was given AlCl3/CoQ10. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and histopathological examinations were utilized to estimate alterations in the molecular structure of the lipids and the cell morphology, respectively. The FTIR spectra revealed considerable decreases in the CH contents and alterations in the molecular ratios of olefinic Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 ]]> CH/νas(CH3), νas(CH2)/νas(CH3), and νas(CH2)/[νas(CH2) + νs(CH2)] in the group given AlCl3. However, no significant changes were detected in those rats given AlCl3/CoQ10. Histopathology images uncovered shrinking and dark centers in the pyramidal cells of brain tissue hippocampal cells. The diameters of the pyramidal cells were estimated to be 4.81 ± 0.55 μm, 4.04 ± 0.71 μm, and 4.63 ± 0.71 μm for the control, AlCl3, and AlCl3/CoQ10 groups, respectively. The study showed that the AlCl3 could cause a shrinking of around 16% in the hippocampus pyramidal cells; besides, CoQ10 is a powerful therapeutic antioxidant to help restore the hippocampal neurons to a regular state.

Evaluation of 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity of aluminum chloride in rats

The present study investigated the potential adverse effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) following a 4-week repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test article was administered once daily by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0, 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. After administration of AlCl3 at 900 mg/kg/day, treatment-related systemic toxicity manifested as significant increases in salivation incidence, neutrophil percentage, reticulocytes, serum triglyceride, adrenal gland and liver weights, and single-hepatocyte necrosis, as well as significant decreases in body weight gain, food intake, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte percentage, serum total protein and albumin, and thymus weight in male rats; and significant increases in salivation incidence, serum triglyceride, and liver weight, as well as a significant decrease in lymphocyte percentage in female rats. At 300 mg/kg/day, a significant decrease in MCHC was found in male rats, but not in female rats. However, this finding was not toxicologically significant because the reduction was minimal and was not accompanied by changes in any other parameters. No treatment-related effects were observed in the 100 mg/kg/day group of both genders. Under the experimental conditions of this study, the target organs of AlCl3 were determined to be the blood, liver, and thymus in rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was found to be 300 mg/kg/day in rats of both genders.

Effects of Aluminum chloride on some hormones levele and reproductive organs of male rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Effects of Aluminum chloride on some hormones levele and reproductive organs of male rats (Rattus norvegicus)

The potential roles of aluminum chloride and sodium fluoride on the neurotoxicity of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of male rat offspring

BackgroundThis study highlights the potential toxic effects of aluminum chloride and sodium fluoride (NaF), given to pregnant female rats, on the development of the brain neurotransmission systems in their offspring. Pregnant female rats received a daily dose of NaF (0.15 g/L) or AlCl3 (0.5 g/L) in the drinking deionized water, either separately or in combination with each other, starting from the 6th day of gestation till the end of the breastfeeding period. After weaning, the male offspring were divided into two subgroups; in the first one, the offspring continued to have the same treatments in their drinking water at the same dose levels, as were provided to the mothers, until the age of 70 days of postnatal life. In the second subgroup, the pups were provided with a drinking deionized water without the treatments for a similar period of time. At the end of the experimental period, the contents of the brain monoamine neurotransmitters, as well as the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, were assessed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. In addition, the offspring were subjected to the exploratory behavioral test.ResultsThe results revealed that sodium fluoride and aluminum chloride induced sever perturbation and imbalance in the neurotransmission systems under investigation. The pattern of change and severity differed with the different brain areas. The combination of the two pollutants exerted general synergistic impacts with different specific response in the different brain area.ConclusionIt is concluded from this study that the exposure to sodium fluoride and aluminum chloride, either separately or in combination, induced profound disturbances in the transmission within the rat brain monoamine systems and subsequent undesirable impact on the animal’s behavioral aspects.

English

English

Histopathologic Study on The Toxic Effect of Aluminium Chloride on the Heart, Liver and Kidneys of Rabbits

The present study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of aluminum chloride hexahydrate on the heart, liver and kidneys of rabbits. Twenty-four apparently healthy male and female rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups. The two control groups male (n= 6) and female (n= 6) received subcutaneous injections of physiological saline. The other two Al-treated groups of male (n= 6) and female (n= 6) were given 2.5mg/kg B.W. S/C five times per week for 3 months. At the 6th weeks and the 12th weeks, three rabbits from each group were necropsied and tissues specimens from heart, liver and kidneys were collected and processed for the following histopathologic examination. The heart of both sexes of intoxicated rabbits showed congestion of blood vessels, interfibrillar edema, hemorrhage as well as Zenker's degeneration and necrosis of myocardium. The Liver showed periportal edema, mild fibroplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, adenomatous and papillary hyperplasia of bile ductules. The encountered lesions of the kidneys were in the form of vacuolations and necrosis of renal tubular epithelium, with intratubular necrotic cellular debris and hyaline casts. An additional lesion of severe interstitial nephritis was also seen in some areas. It was concluded that the adverse toxic effects of aluminum chloride were time-dependent manner on heart, kidneys and liver of of both sexes of rabbits.

Erratum: Effect of aluminum chloride on blood glucose level and lipid profile in normal, diabetic and treated diabetic rats.

[This corrects the article on p. 357 in vol. 49, PMID: 29515276.].

Molecular mechanisms of aluminium ions neurotoxicity in brain cells of fish from various pelagic areas

Neurotoxic effects of aluminum chloride in higher than usual environment concentration (10 mg/L) were studied in brains of fishes from various pelagic areas, especially in sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819), roach (Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758), crucian carp (Carasius carasius Linnaeus, 1758), goby (Neogobius fluviatilis Pallas, 1811). The intensity of oxidative stress and the content of both cytoskeleton protein GFAP and cytosol Ca-binding protein S100β were determined. The differences in oxidative stress data were observed in the liver and brain of fish during 45 days of treatment with aluminum chloride. The data indicated that in the modeling of aluminum intoxication in mature adult fishes the level of oxidative stress was noticeably higher in the brain than in the liver. This index was lower by1.5–2.0 times on average in the liver cells than in the brain. The obtained data evidently demonstrate high sensitivity to aluminum ions in neural tissue cells of fish from various pelagic areas. Chronic intoxication with aluminum ions induced intense astrogliosis in the fish brain. Astrogliosis was determined as result of overexpression of both cytoskeleton and cytosole markers of astrocytes – GFAP and protein S100β (on 75–112% and 67–105% accordingly). Moreover, it was shown that the neurotixic effect of aluminum ions is closely related to metabolism of astroglial intermediate filaments. The results of western blotting showed a considerable increase in the content of the lysis protein products of GFAP with a range of molecular weight from 40–49 kDa. A similar metabolic disturbance was determined for the upregulation protein S100β expression and particularly in the increase in the content of polypeptide fragments of this protein with molecular weight 24–37 kDa. Thus, the obtained results allow one to presume that aluminum ions activate in the fish brain intracellular proteases which have a capacity to destroy the proteins of intermediate filaments. The data presented display the pronounced neurotoxic effect of mobile forms of aluminum on both expression level and the metabolism of molecular markers of astrocytes GFAP and protein S100β. Aluminum ions induce integrated changes, the more important of which are a significant increase in final LPO products, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, a reactivation of glial cells in the brain. Integrated determination of the content and polypeptide fragments of specific astrocyte proteins in fishes brains coupled with oxidative stress data may be used as valid biomarkers of toxic pollutant effects in aquatic environments.

The Plasticizing Mechanism and Effect of Aluminium Chloride and Glycerin on Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films

Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) films were prepared with AlCl3·6H2O/glycerin and AlCl3·6H2O/poly glycerin as two kinds of complex plasticizer. The micromorphology of pure PVA film and PVA films plasticized with complex plasticizer was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The interaction between complex plasticizer and PVA molecules was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The influence of complex plasticizer on crystalline, thermal and mechanical properties of PVA films was studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA), and tensile tests, respectively. The results showed that both AlCl3·6H2O/glycerin and AlCl3·6H2O/poly glycerin complex plasticizers could interact with PVA molecular and then effectively destroy the crystals of PVA. PVA films plasticized with AlCl3·6H2O/glycerin, and AlCl3·6H2O/poly glycerin complex plasticizers became soft and ductile, with lower tensile strength and higher elongation at break compared with pure PVA films. This is an important cause of plasticization of AlCl3·6H2O /glycerin and AlCl3·6H2O /poly glycerin on PVA films.

THE EFFECT OF THE ALUMINUM CHLORIDE--QUERCETIN COMPLEX ON Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase ACTIVITY AND CONTRACTION DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE TIBIALIS ANTERIOR FROM RANA TEMPORARIA.

Combined effect of aluminum chloride and quercetin solutions on the enzymatic activity and contraction dynamics of muscle fiber bundles of the Rana temporaria m. tibialis anterior was investigated. It was shown that these complexes inhibit muscle contraction. Linear reduction of Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase activity induced by all of the used concentrations of AlCl3 - quercetin was demonstrated. It was found that complex of quercetin with AlCl3 has a greater inhibitory effect on muscle contraction dynamic and causes greater reduction during all periods of stimulation in comparison to the separate effect of the investigated compounds. All the studied concentrations of AlCl3 and quercetin solutions (AlCl3: 10(-4)-10(-2) M; quercetin: 10(-6)-10(-5) M) caused concentration depended contraction strengths and lengths reduction. The decrease in strength and length of muscle contractions was of constant and mostly linear nature within observed timeframe as well as within each periods of contraction. The changes were least pronounced within pretetanic period, but were profound within terminal period of muscle activity. The changes in dynamic contraction properties and Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum under effect of the investigated compounds was minimal in the beginning of the muscle's response to stimulus, prior to muscle strength reaching stable contraction level.

Effects of aluminium chloride and aluminium chlorohydrate on DNA repair in MCF10A immortalised non-transformed human breast epithelial cells

Use of underarm aluminium (Al)-based antiperspirant salts may be a contributory factor in breast cancer development. At the 10th Keele meeting, Al was reported to cause anchorage-independent growth and double strand DNA breaks in MCF10A immortalised non-transformed human breast epithelial cells. We now report that exposure of MCF10A cells to Al chloride or Al chlorohydrate also compromised DNA repair systems. Long-term (19–21weeks) exposure to Al chloride or Al chlorohydrate at a 10−4M concentration resulted in reduced levels of BRCA1 mRNA as determined by real-time RT-PCR and BRCA1 protein as determined by Western immunoblotting. Reduced levels of mRNA for other DNA repair genes (BRCA2, CHK1, CHK2, Rad51, ATR) were also observed using real-time RT-PCR. Loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene function has long been associated with inherited susceptibility to breast cancer but these results suggest that exposure to aluminium-based antiperspirant salts may also reduce levels of these key components of DNA repair in breast epithelial cells. If Al can not only damage DNA but also compromise DNA repair systems, then there is the potential for Al to impact on breast carcinogenesis.

Effects of Aluminum chloride on some hormones levele and reproductive organs of male rats (Rattus norvegicus)

This study was conducted at the Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah to investigate the effect of AluminiumChloride on some hormones and histological changes in the laboratory Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats sexuallymature (16 weeks age) and 250±50 gm weighing, were used, they were divided into Four groups, each one consisted of 8 male rats in , Three groups were dosed Orally with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg B.W. aluminium in the form of HgCl for 21 days consecutive . An equivalent volume of distal water was administered to the fourth group which was set as the control group. Levels of the LH, FSH and Testosterone hormones were evaluated . in addition to histo – pathological changes of the Epididymis and testis. Results of this study indecate a significant decrease (P≤0.05) of FSH, LH and Testosterone hormones concentrations in treated groups compared with control groupe. The histopathological changes in Testis and epididymis were obvious in all treated groups comparison with control.

Effects of aluminum chloride on some trace elements and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in rats

Aluminum (Al) is a nonessential, toxic element to which humans are constantly exposed as a result of an increase in industrialization and improving technology practices. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different durations and doses of Al exposure on serum and tissue element levels and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in rats. A total of 40 male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups: control, group I (3 weeks, 8 mg/kg), group II (6 weeks, 8 mg/kg), group III (3 weeks, 16 mg/kg), and group IV (6 weeks, 16 mg/kg). Al chloride (AlCl3) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) five times a week. At the end of the experimental period, levels of Al, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in serum, liver, and kidney tissues were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Osmotic fragility was determined using a spectrophotometer. The results of the experiment indicate that Al induced a statistically significant increase in Al and Fe concentrations in liver and serum as well as in Cu in the kidney. The Fe concentration in serum and kidney tissues was significantly lower in all the groups. As a result of our study, it may be concluded that tissue Al accumulation may lead to an increase in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and abnormal trace element levels.

Effect of aluminum chloride on formation of a polyconjugated bond system in the initial stage of polyvinyl alcohol thermal decomposition

Fine-structure bands have been located in electronic absorption spectra of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films decomposed thermally in air at 80–150°C. Doping of the PVA film with aluminum chloride (thermolysis catalyst) was found both to enhance the degree of thermal decomposition and to reduce the starting temperature for formation of poly-π-conjugated chains although it had no effect on the spectral positions of the polyene-unit absorption bands. Values of the band gap of heat-treated PVA films were determined to be in the range 1.65–1.78 eV based on an analysis of the electronic spectra long-wavelength edge.

Effects of Aluminium Chloride on Anxiety-Related Behaviour

Problem statement: Aluminium is presents in many manufactured foods, medicines and is also added to drinking water for purification purpo ses. It has the potential to be neurotoxic in human and animals but its contribution in Alzhemer's dise ase remains contradictory. Anxiety affects one- eighth of the total population world-wide and has b ecome an important area of research interest in psychopharmacology. Approach: The present study was aimed at evaluating the effe cts that Aluminium chloride could have on anxiety-related Behaviour of Adult wistar Rats. A total of Ten (10) Adult wistar rats were used for this experiment. Th e wistar rats were divided into five groups: Group I was the control that received distil water, Group I I received 475 mg Kg -1 , Group III received 950 mg kg -1 , Group IV received 1,425 mg kg -1 and Group V received 1,900 mg kg -1 through oral intubation for duration of Eight weeks. Elevated plus maze was used to assay for anxiety-related behaviour of the wistar rats. The wistar rats were placed at the jun ction of the four arms of the maze, facing a closed arm, allowed to freely explore the maze and their b ehavior was recorded simultaneously for 5 m by means of a video camera. Results: Wistar rats treated with Aluminium Chloride had, in creased faecal boli, increased number of time crossing close arm e ntries and increased average time spent in close arms; but decreased time (lesser time) spent in the open arm of the maze when compared with the control group. This in turn implies that the Alumin ium treated groups were more anxious than the control groups in exploration of their activities o n the Elevated plus maze. Conclusion: It was concluded that Aluminium Chloride exposure has negative effects on anxiety-related behaviour of wistar rats as indicated by increased rate of anxie ty in aluminium treated rats.

An ellipsometry study on the effect of aluminium chloride and ferric chloride formulations on mucin layers adsorbed at hydrophobic surfaces

Ellipsometry was used to investigate the effect of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) formulations of different degrees of hydrolysation on an adsorbed mucin film. The results were compared to the effect of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and ferric chloride. A compaction of the mucin film took place upon addition of the formulations and this occurred to different extents and at different concentrations for the different formulations. The compaction of PAC of a low degree of hydrolysis behaved similarly to AlCl3. PAC of a high degree of hydrolysis showed a greater compaction effect than the other aluminium formulations. The initial compaction concentration was found to be 0.001 mM which is less than previously found for aluminium–mucin complex formation in bulk. The reversibility of the compaction was also investigated. The compaction of the mucin film was found to be partly reversible for AlCl3 and PAC of low degree of hydrolysis. No reversibility was observed for the formulations of PAC of high hydrolysis grade or for ferric chloride. The results are consistent with previously observed effects of PAC of a low degree of hydrolysis on bacterial surfaces where a compaction of surface polymers was indicated by the reduced range of repulsive steric interactions.

Effect of Aluminium Chloride on Sexual Efficiency in Adult Male Rats

Effect of Aluminium Chloride on Sexual Efficiency in Adult Male Rats