Effects Of Adsorption Conditions Research Articles

A novel Fe-containing carbon foam with hierarchical porous structure for efficient removal of organic dyes

A novel Fe-containing carbon foam (Fe-CF) was achieved with a hierarchical porous structure by carbonization of nano‑magnesium oxide/epoxy resin mixture followed by Fe(NO3)3 activation. The structures and properties of as-prepared Fe-CF were characterized via XRD, compression strength test, FESEM, TEM, BET, Raman and XPS, meanwhile the effects of adsorption conditions on the removal performance of Congo red (CR), Malachite green (MG) and Methylene blue (MB) by the Fe-CF are investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Results show that the Fe-CF obtained at 1000 °C possesses a fluffy and porous structure without obvious collapse and closure, and the iron oxide particles are evenly distributed on its surface, which endows it with high adsorption capacities for CR (1263.36 mg g−1), MG (679.84 mg g−1) and MB (483.66 mg g−1) at the optimum conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption process can be depicted well by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, and the thermodynamic analysis results reflect that the adsorption processes are thermodynamically feasible and spontaneous. More importantly, the prepared adsorbent retains relatively high adsorption ability and stability even after five regeneration cycles.

Rape seedling peel-derived biochar prepared by low-temperature vacuum pyrolysis method for adsorbing p-nitrophenol

ABSTRACT Novel rape seedling peel-derived biochars (BCs) prepared by vacuum pyrolysis were used as cost-saving and sustainable biosorbents for wastewater remediation. The adsorption properties of BCs for p-nitrophenol (PNP) were investigated. The results showed that BC400 prepared at 400°C possessed the highest adsorption capacity of 55.78 mg g−1 towards PNP. Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Zeta potential analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area analyses were performed to characterise the physicochemical properties of BC samples. The microporous structure and abundant surface heteroatomic functional groups of BC400 were confirmed. The effects of adsorption conditions (contact time, temperature, initial PNP solution pH, initial PNP concentration) on the adsorption of PNP by BC400 were investigated. Adsorption behaviour was more consistent with the linear Freundlich model and linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of PNP on BC400 was a spontaneous endothermic process, and the disorder degree increased after adsorption. In addition, the adsorption capacities of BC400 for different phenols including hydroquinone, 3-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol (AN) and tert-butyl hydroquinone were compared, and the mechanism was also proposed. BC400 with aromatic and heteroatom-containing functional groups could interact effectively with PNP through various intermolecular interactions including π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction. Reusability assessment indicated BC400 remained high removal rate even after 10 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles.

Dye removal using novel adsorbents synthesized from plastic waste and eggshell: mechanism, isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, regeneration, and water matrices

Abstract High-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste and chicken eggshell were used to synthesize three novel adsorbents, namely mesoporous graphene (MG), nano-eggshell modified graphene (nEMG), and nano-magnetic eggshell modified graphene (nM-EMG) for methyl red (MR) adsorption from simulated wastewater. The effects of adsorption conditions (pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature) were investigated. MG, nEMG, and nM-EMG were characterized using SEM, TEM, BET, EDX, XRD, and FTIR analyses. MG, nEMG, and nM-EMG had specific surface areas of 15, 31, and 179 m2/g and mean pore diameters of 27, 29, and 5 nm respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of MG, nEMG, and nM-EMG were 5.6, 8.1, and 6.5 mg/g respectively at MR concentration of 100 mg/L, pH 4, adsorbent dose of 1.0 g/100 mL, and temperature of 25 °C. All MR sorption processes followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir–Freundlich model. The adsorption rates were controlled by intra-particle and film diffusion. MR uptake on the synthesized adsorbents was spontaneous, endothermic, and chemisorption. The adsorption occurred via electrostatic interactions, π electron interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The performance of the prepared adsorbents was examined in different water matrices and compared with other MR adsorbents. After five regeneration cycles, the adsorbent reusability study showed that nM-EMG is the most stable and reusable adsorbent.

Study on the cyclic adsorption performance of biomass composite membrane for Hg(Ⅱ)

ABSTRACT Salix psammophila wood flour /polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel composite membrane (SPPM) with high adsorption capacity and good cycle adsorption performance was prepared by wet spinning technology. The SPPM was characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), specific surface area test (BET), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the surface of SPPM is rough and porous, with good pore structure and thermal stability, and mercury ions (Hg(II)) have been successfully adsorbed on SPPM. At the same time, the effects of adsorption conditions (Hg(Ⅱ) initial concentration, pH, adsorption time, and temperature) on the adsorption performance of SPPM were studied. Results from the adsorption experiment showed that the adsorption capacity of SPPM for Hg(Ⅱ) can reach 426 mg/g. After four adsorption and desorption experiments, the adsorption capacity can reach 375 mg/g, which indicates that SPPM has good cycle adsorption performance. The adsorption kinetics were better described by the Pseudo-second-order kinetic, and their adsorption isotherms were fitted for the Langmuir model. The obtained results showed that SPPM is an available, economical adsorbent and was found suitable for removing Hg(II) from an aqueous solution.

Sinergisme Campuran Tanah Andisol dan Pasir Foundry sebagai Adsorben Ion Cu (II) pada Limbah Industri Pelapisan Logam

Research has been carried out on the synergism of a mixture of andisol soil and foundry sand as Cu(II) ion adsorbent. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing andisol soil and foundry sand on the absorption of Cu (II) ions and to study the type of isotherm and its adsorption kinetics model. The adsorbent was activated with 3 M NaOH. The acidity of the adsorbent was analyzed using the specific total acidity test method. The final concentration of Cu (II) ions was analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). The optimum adsorption conditions were obtained based on variations in composition, pH, and contact time. The adsorbent was made with variations in the composition of andisol: foundry sand 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (w/w). The effect of adsorption conditions was carried out by varying the pH of the copper (Cu) solution from 3-7. The effect of contact time was varied at 15-135 minutes with 15 Minute intervals.

Sustainable utilization of rice husk waste for preparation of ordered nanostructured mesoporous silica and mesoporous carbon: Characterization and adsorption performance

Rice husk has a high heating value, making it an attractive source of renewable energy. Rice husk ash (RHA) forms after the combustion of rice husk to heat energy. The recovery and reuse of RHA is a sustainable strategy in a circular economy. In this research, RHA was used as the raw material for the preparation of mesoporous silica, Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15). Ordered mesoporous carbon, carbons mesostructured from Korea–3 (CMK-3), was synthesized utilizing SBA-15 as a template by injecting it with sucrose. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, both SBA-15 and CMK-3 consisted of high order and hexagonal arrays of mesopores. SBA-15 and CMK-3 contained large pore volumes of 1.260 and 1.185 cm3/g, high surface areas of 820 and 1005 m2/g, and uniform pore sizes of 6.41 and 3.44 nm, respectively. The amino-groups were successfully grafted on the SBA-15 surface. The amino-modified SBA-15 and CMK-3 revealed excellent adsorption of tannic acid. The effects of adsorption conditions, namely the solution temperature, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and initial tannic acid concentration, were examined. Amino-modified SBA-15 and CMK-3 exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 278.9 and 488.9 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were also investigated. The results indicated that the tannic acid adsorption was an exothermic process. Kinetic behaviors and adsorption equilibrium optimally matched the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm. Overall, recovered RHA was useful in the preparation of mesoporous adsorbents for removing chemicals containing tannic acid from liquid waste.

Green synthesis of mesoporous graphene oxide/silica nanocomposites from rich husk ash: Characterization and adsorption performance

Abstract Rice husk is an agricultural waste. Rice husk ash (RHA) is the main residue when rice husk is burned to produce biomass energy. The conversion of RHA into high-value-added products is a sustainable method and can help develop a circular economy. In this study, a graphene oxide/SBA-15 composite was synthesized from RHA. Experimental investigations revealed that the various oxygen-containing functional groups of the graphene oxide/SBA-15 composite resulted in considerably enhanced adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the composite possessed a pore volume of 0.978 cm 3/g, pore size of 10.5 nm, and surface area of 625 m2/g. The pore structure of the composite was mainly a hexagonal array of mesopores, which did not change with the addition of GO. TEM images revealed that the SBA-15 surface was homogeneously covered with GO flakes. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that composite contained disordered carbon with a high degree of oxidation. The effects of adsorption conditions – adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, adsorption temperature, and solution pH – on the Rhodamine B adsorption of the graphene oxide/SBA-15 composite were investigated. The composite exhibited the highest adsorption capacity of 151.28 mg/g at 80 ∘ C. The adsorption was endothermic with enthalpy of 11.83 kJ/mol. The isotherm adsorption experiment revealed that the Langmuir model was the best fit for the adsorption results. Kinetic investigations revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption rate was mainly controlled by the intraparticle diffusion step. Commercially available SBA-15 materials are expensive. This study provides an economically viable method of treating RHA that improves its potential for applications involving removal of dyes from wastewater.

Effective removal of methylated phenol and chlorinated phenol from aqueous solutions using a new activated carbon derived from Halodule uninervis waste

Due to the toxicity of methylated and chlorinated phenols, it is necessary to remove them from aqueous solutions. Therefore, a highly efficient adsorbent was developed from the dead leaves of Halodule uninervis seagrass (SG) through a chemical and thermal activation process. The prepared activated carbon (SGAC) was characterized and investigated for removal of 2,4-Dimethylphenol (DMP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP) from aqueous solutions. The batch adsorption mode was used and the effects of adsorption conditions were studied. SGAC adsorbent showed high adsorption capacities which were 364 mg DMP/g and 333 mg DCP/g. The adsorption experimental results fitted Freundlich and Langmuir models and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption of both adsorbates was spontaneous. The prepared adsorbent was able to remove 90% of DMP and 97% of DCP from the synthetic wastewater. This study indicated that SGAC adsorbent is efficient and reusable in the synthetic wastewater for at least four times.

Facile preparation of robust dual MgO-loaded carbon foam as an efficient adsorbent for malachite green removal

This study developed a facile approach for the fabrication of dual MgO-loaded carbon foam (DMCF) via carbonization of a cured MgO/cyanate ester resin mixture, which underwent self-foaming of the resin followed by the carbothermal reduction of MgO. The features of the prepared DMCF prepared were characterized by FESEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS and so on, and the effects of adsorption conditions, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics on malachite green (MG) removal using the DMCF as adsorbents were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Results demonstrate that the DMCF possesses a unique dual loading of MgO particles which are not only loaded onto its foam walls but also filled within the walls with a graphene-wrapped core-shell structure. The experimental maximum adsorption capacity of MG reaches up to 1874.18 mg/g with a partition coefficient of 10.87 mg/g/μM. The adsorption process can be better described with Langmuir, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. Moreover, the DMCF exhibits a removal percentage of 84.85% after five reuses, indicating that it is an efficient and promising adsorbent for MG adsorption.

Electrospinning fabrication for cloth-like carbon nanofiber films with hierarchical porous structure and their application in deep desulfurization.

A strategy for clean fuel by selective adsorption processing was deemed to be convenient and environmental-friendly in past decades. However, the development of adsorption desulfurization was tremendously subject to the fabrication of high-performance adsorbents with large capacity and high stability. Herein, we designed a novel route to fabricate the cloth-like carbon nanofiber film with a hierarchical porous structure by electrospinning. The structure and properties of the cloth-like carbon nanofiber films were determined by a series of characterizations. Subsequently, the desulfurization performance of the cloth-like carbon nanofiber films was examined by the simulated thiophene (TH) oil. Furthermore, the effect of adsorption conditions on the adsorption capacity was intensively investigated, such as carbonization temperature, initial concentration and desulfurization temperature. The results found that at optimal calcination temperature of 700°C, the cloth-like carbon nanofiber films possessed the highest micropore volume (Vmic=0.185m3/g) and adsorption capacity (qe=96.6mg/g) at 800mg/L initial concentration under the adsorption temperature of 25°C. The results corroborated that the physical properties of the cloth-like carbon nanofiber films with the surface area of 417.8m2/g, the total pore volume of 0.187cm3/g and average pore diameter of 1.36nm had an important influence on the high adsorption capacity. On this basis, the adsorption experimental data were best fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Furthermore, the other highlight of the cloth-like carbon nanofiber films was convenient for the separation from oil, thus achieving the desirable reused performance.

Preparation of discrete cage-like oxidized hollow carbon spheres with vertically aligned graphene-like nanosheet surface for high performance Pb2+ absorption

A novel oxidized hollow carbon sphere (OHCS) as absorbent for the removal of Pb2+ was fabricated from the mixture of coal-tar pitch and aluminum isopropoxide followed by nitric acid oxidation. The as-prepared OHCSs were characterized by FESEM, TEM, BET, TG, FTIR and XPS, and meanwhile the effects of adsorption conditions on the Pb2+ removal were investigated by batch experiments. Results show that the OHCSs prepared possess discrete cage-like structures and well-defined inner/outer surface features, exhibiting vertically aligned graphene-like nanosheets on their surfaces with mesoporous nature and high hydrophobicity. The maximum absorption capacity for Pb2+ of the OHCSs can reach 280.79 mg g−1 at the optimum condition. The adsorption kinetic of Pb2+ onto the OHCSs was found to be well modeled by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the experimental equilibrium data were represented well by Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the OHCSs still exhibit excellent adsorption ability and stability after recycling 5 times, indicating its excellent reusability performance. Overall, the OHCS is a promising adsorbent for Pb2+ removal.

The Preparation and Characterization of MnFe2O4-Decorated Expanded Graphite for Removal of Heavy Oils from Water.

Recently, many methods have been developed to efficiently eliminate oil spills due to its long-term harmful effects on marine life and human health. Expanded graphite (EG) has been considered as an excellent platform to remove contaminated oil from aqueous solution through a facile adsorption route. As an innovative approach, the decoration of magnetic components, namely, MnFe2O4, into graphite layers was taken into account for facilitating phase separation under magnetic field which resulted into an easy collection of the used adsorbents in a large scale. The expanded graphite/manganese ferrite composites were prepared from Vietnamese graphite flakes via a two-stage process. Characterization was performed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. The adsorption behavior of EG-MnFe2O4 for widespread used heavy oils, including diesel oil and crude oil, was investigated under the effects of adsorption conditions, i.e., contact time, loaded oil dosage, and salinity of mixing oil and water. The obtained results showed successful incorporation of MnFe2O4 into graphite sheets and no considerable change on the worm-like structure of EG. The results also showed that incorporated manganese ferrites enhanced the magnetism EG up to 16 emu/g, which made the recovery of used adsorbent conveniently. The EG-MnFe2O4 adsorbents exhibited the strong adsorption ability toward diesel oil (32.20 0.46 g DO/g EG) and crude oil (33.07 0.33 g CO/g EG). In brief, EG-MnFe2O4 material provides a potential and promising platform with high performance for oil spill removal.

Removal of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by magnetic alginate microsphere based on Fe3O4/MgAl-layered double hydroxide

In this work, the magnetic alginate microsphere of Fe3O4/MgAl-LDH (Fe3O4/LDH-AM) was prepared by immobilizing the Fe3O4/LDH with calcium alginate (CA) and was used to remove Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. The obtained Fe3O4/LDH-AM was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area determination. The results indicated that the surface groups of the alginate and LDH were retained and so was the crystal structure in the alginate microsphere. The adsorption performance of the Fe3O4/LDH-AM for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ in aqueous solutions was evaluated by batch and column adsorption experiments. The effects of adsorption conditions, kinetics, isotherms, mechanisms, and potential applications were investigated. The adsorption kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the isotherm data fit well with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption mechanism of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ by the Fe3O4/LDH-AM entailed complexation and precipitation. The experimental breakthrough curves were correlated with the Thomas model. Moreover, the Fe3O4/LDH-AM displayed superior regeneration and reusability. These results suggest that the Fe3O4/LDH-AM is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals and can be effectively employed in practical applications.

Hybrid-type carbon microcoil-chitosan composite for selective extraction of aristolochic acid I from Aristolochiaceae medicinal plants

Aristolochic acid I is a nephrotoxic compound widely existing in many kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, especially in Aristolochiaceae medicinal plants. In this study, chitosan modified carbon microcoils were designed and prepared for the selective separation of aristolochic acid I from medicinal herbs. Successful modification of carbon microcoils was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. The effects of adsorption conditions were investigated and it was determined that the adsorption of aristolochic acid I was controlled by pH. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and selectivity tests were performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity and selectivity of the modified carbon microcoils. The chitosan modified carbon microcoils exhibited excellent binding ability (77.72 mg g−1) and satisfactory selectivity. Finally, this material was used in solid phase extraction combined with HPLC to enrich and detect aristolochic acid I from medicinal plants. The detector response for aristolochic acid I was linear from 0.5 to 150 mg L−1, and the recoveries of aristolochic acid I ranged from 73.61 to 77.73% with the relative standard deviations of less than 5%. Thus, chitosan modified carbon microcoils were ideal adsorbents for the selective extraction of aristolochic acid I from Aristolochiaceae plants.

Removal of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto a Hydrogel Composite

Poly(acrylic acid- co-2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)/kaolin hydrogel composite was synthesised using acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and kaolin (KL) as main materials. The composite was characterised and used to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. Effect of adsorption conditions, including initial concentration of MO, contact time, pH values and ionic strength, on the adsorption capacities was studied. Maximal adsorption capacity was 506 mg/g as the initial concentration of MO was 1000 mg/L. It showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, and the isotherms and kinetics were in good agreement with the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order equation, respectively.

Sorption behavior of methylene blue and rhodamine B mixed dyes onto chitosan graft poly (acrylic acid‐co‐2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid) hydrogel

AbstractChitosan graft poly(acrylic acid‐co‐2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid) (CTS‐g‐P(AA‐co‐AMPS)) hydrogel is prepared and used to remove methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) mixed dyes from aqueous solutions. The effect of adsorption conditions, including the initial concentrations of dye solutions, contact time, initial pH values, ionic strength, and the adsorbent dosage, on the adsorption capacities is investigated. The maximal adsorption capacity for MB and RB is 936.0 and 556.9 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of the mixed dyes are discussed using the extended Langmuir (EL) and the extended Freundlich (EF) isotherm equations. It indicates that the adsorption of both dyes is in good agreement with the extended Freundlich isotherm. Meanwhile, the adsorption processes of both dyes are spontaneous. Adsorption kinetics is in accordance with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation. It is concluded that the available adsorption sites are shared by both kinds of the dye molecules. The difference of the maximal adsorption capacities of the two dyes is due to their different affinity to the adsorbent.

Facile and green preparation of novel adsorption materials by combining sol-gel with ion imprinting technology for selective removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution

A novel green adsorption polymer was prepared by ion imprinted technology in conjunction with sol-gel process under mild conditions for the selective removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. Effects of preparation conditions on adsorption performance of prepared polymers were studied. The ion-imprinted polymer was prepared using Cu(II) ion as template, N-[3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane (AAPTMS) as functional monomer and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as cross-linker. Water was used as solvent in the whole preparation process. The imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and zeta potential. Three-dimensional network structure was formed and functional monomer was successfully cross-linked into the network structure of polymers. Effects of adsorption conditions on adsorption performance of prepared polymers were studied too. The pH value is of great influence on adsorption behavior. Adsorption by ion-imprinted polymer was fast (adsorption equilibrium was reached within 60min). The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ion-imprinted polymer was always larger than that of non-imprinted polymer. Pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm model fitted well with adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ion-imprinted polymer was 39.82 mg·g−1. However, the preparation conditions used in this work are much milder than those reported in literatures. The Cu(II) ion-imprinted polymer showed high selectivity and relative selectivity coefficients for Pb(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Co(II). In addition, the prepared ion-imprinted polymer could be reused several times without significant loss of adsorption capacity.

Novel adsorption materials based on graphene oxide/Beta zeolite composite materials and their adsorption performance for rhodamine B

In this paper, we developed an adsorption composite materials based on the incorporation of zeolite and graphene oxide (GO), which could significantly hoist the adsorption capacity of zeolite and improve the separation trouble of GO with outstanding adsorption ability. The GO/Beta zeolite (GB) composite materials with different GO contents were hydrothermally prepared by grafting the GO onto acid-treated Beta zeolite. The structure and physical properties of the GB composite materials were determined by a series of characterizations such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman, BET and XPS. It was concluded that the GB composite materials were of the hierarchical porous structure and GO nanosheets were bonded onto the active surface of Beta zeolite. The adsorption capacity of the GB composite materials was examined by the adsorption of RB dye molecular from aqueous solution. Moreover, the effect of adsorption conditions on the adsorption of RB onto the GB composite materials for rhodamine B (RB) was extensively investigated. Finally, the adsorption behaviors of the GB composite materials for RB were fitted by Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm equations, respectively. The result showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the GB composite materials was up to 64.47 mg/g.

Adsorption of low-concentration methylene blue onto a palygorskite/carbon composite

A palygorskite/carbon composite was prepared through hydrothermal treatment of palygorskite and cellulose,and its adsorption behavior for methylene blue(MB) was investigated.The effect of adsorption conditions on the capacity and kinetics was also investigated.The adsorption kinetics of MB onto the composite is best described by a pseudo-second-order equation.The adsorption isotherms conform to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation.The adsorption thermodynamic parameters calculated from the isotherms indicate that the adsorption of MB on the composite is endothermic.

Adsorption of low-concentration methylene blue onto a palygorskite/carbon composite

A palygorskite/carbon composite was prepared through hydrothermal treatment of palygorskite and cellulose, and its adsorption behavior for methylene blue (MB) was investigated. The effect of adsorption conditions on the capacity and kinetics was also investigated. The adsorption kinetics of MB onto the composite is best described by a pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms conform to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters calculated from the isotherms indicate that the adsorption of MB on the composite is endothermic.