Effect Of Abrasion Research Articles

Predictive Modeling Classification of Post-Flood and Abrasion Effects With Deep Learning Approach

Floods and abrasion are the most common disasters in Indonesia. A lot of data is collected from post-flood and abrasion disasters. From the data released by BNPB, disaster data is directly based on the occurrence of disasters. From these data, we will test predictive modeling classification with a deep learning approach. Big data can be made through classification and predictive modeling. Our proposed model is a classification of predictive modeling of post-flood and abrasion data using the H2O deep learning approach. Deep learning H2O models can also be evaluated with specific model metrics, termination metrics, and performance charts. This approach is used to optimize the performance and accuracy of predictions during the modeling process using our dataset pool training. The big data to be processed will generate new knowledge for policies in decision making. Big data performance modeled with Deep Learning H2O is used to predict the Survival attributes of post-flood and abrasion sample datasets. The best metric performance is obtained from the maxout activation function with a 200-200 unit layer that gets an accuracy of 93.49% with AUC: 0.808 +/- 0.022 (micro average: 0.808).

Attenuation pattern of skid resistance of heat reflective coatings under the effect of simulated pavement abrasion

ABSTRACT The cooling performance of heat reflective coatings (HRC) for pavement applications has attracted wide attention. In this study, the cooling performance and bond strength of HRC were investigated and the attenuation pattern associated with the skid resistance of specimens sprayed with different amounts of HRC coating was examined based on four-wheel wear test. Furthermore, an asymptotic model associated with the attenuation of the HRC’s skid resistance was developed for investigating the effects of anti-slip particle gradation and dosage as well as HRC dosage on the skid resistance. The results show that the cooling performance and bond strength of HRC (sprayed amount: 0.8 kg/m2) are 12.4 °C and 1.75 MPa, respectively, and the skid resistance of HRC sprayed with different amounts of HRC was stabilised at approximately 48 BPN after 150,000 abrasion cycles. The attenuation pattern of the skid resistance of the skid-resistant HRC (SHRC) fitted well with the developed asymptotic model, showing a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.99 and an error of less than 5% from the test value. Anti-slip particle gradation (G4), anti-slip particle dosage (0.6 kg/m2) and HRC dosage (0.6 kg/m2) were selected based on the stable value of the skid resistance, and SHRC was developed for pavement applications.

A Superhydrophobic Alkali Activated Materials Coating by Facile Preparation

Alkali activated materials (AAMs) were considered as economical and environmentally friendly that have attracted incrementally attention as green coating materials. However, alkali activated materials were inclined to be infiltrated and ruined by harmful ions in water due to their hydrophilicity. And the ordinary ways of construct superhydrophobic coatings were costly, complex and need fluorine material. The superhydrophobic surfaces were fragile owing to the super-hydrophobicity of materials were controlled to surface merely. In this work, a facile, convenient and economical strategy to synthesize alkali activated slag materials (AAS) superhydrophobic coatings with excellent water repellence was developed. Herein, the hydrolysis and polymerization of triethoxy (octyl)silane (TTOS) were applied for generating micro/nanostructures to construct a three-dimensional overall superhydrophobic alkali activated slag materials coating. The water contact angle (CA) about surfaces and bottoms of superhydrophobic alkali activated slag materials coatings were 150.2°, 152° and the water rolling angle (SA) of surfaces and bottoms were 5°, 4° respectively. Besides, the superhydrophobic alkali activated slag materials coatings demonstrated excellent mechanical abrasion effect that still maintain super-hydrophobicity after sandpaper abrasion stand. Super-hydrophobicity of coatings could be regenerated by simple sandpaper rubbing when they were attacked chemically. Concisely, the superhydrophobic alkali activated slag materials coatings were show the benefit of affordable and feasibility so that they have the potential for expandable industrial promotion.

Effects of Particle Impingement and Coarse Particle Abrasion on Wear Performance of White Cast Irons in Sliding Bed Applications

Particle impingement angle variations during interactions between abrasive particles and wear plates affect the wear rate and cause uneven abrasion of liners in sliding bed applications—a typical condition in ore transfer chutes. Inner circumference abrasion tests (ICAT) were performed on specimens placed at various angles to abrasive bed flow direction to analyze these effects in laboratory environments. The ICAT results indicated that wear performance diminishes for increasing impingement angles within the range studied. In all impingement angles, carbide volume fraction (CVF) showed significant direct influence on the alloy performance in contrast to Cr/C ratio of the alloy showing only minor effects. Abrasion performance versus CVF trends for white cast iron and abrasive combinations were observed to show performance reversals in the ICAT due to preferential abrasion of matrix. Abrasive type (hardness) was shown to be a factor for performance reversal in that study, with abrasive particle size being suggested to be another factor. To determine this, the current study scrutinizes coarse particle abrasion in addition to fine particle tests. Dissimilar to fine basalt, coarse particle ICAT results show monotonic wear life increase versus CVF, with no performance reversal.

Experimental approaches to assess the effect of composition of abrasives in the cause of dental microwear.

Dental microwear is used to investigate feeding ecology. Animals ingest geological material in addition to food. The full effect of geological abrasives on tooth wear is unknown. To evaluate mineralogical abrasives as tooth wear agents, rats were fed food manufactured with quartz silt, diatomaceous earth, and calcium carbonate. Rats were assigned to treatments and fed for 15 days. Molars were scanned with a Sensofar Plu Neox confocal microscope and evaluated using ISO-25178-2 parameters and traditional microwear variables using light microscopy. Using a pellet-diet as the control, all treatments had influence on microwear and discriminant function analyses indicated that unique surface textures had been produced. ISO variables with high discriminatory values were correlated to scratch and pit frequencies, but more ISO parameters identified changes associated with numbers of scratches than changes associated with pits. The microwear changes associated with the abrasive inclusions were co-dependent on the type of diet that the abrasives had been added to. The abrasives had less effect with pellets but produced more modified and more differentiated microwear when added to the transgenic dough. Although abrasives produce distinctive surface textures, some knowledge of the properties of food with the abrasives is needed to identify the abrasive agent.

Effect of anisotropic abrasive damage on mass loss and ultimate tensile properties of the stretch denim fabric

PurposeIn recent times, stretch denim garments have become very popular amongst consumers as the garment is able to provide body fit and body comfort at the same time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of abrasion on the change in surface appearance, mass loss and ultimate tensile properties of the stretch denim fabric in different directions (warp, weft and biased).Design/methodology/approachAfter abrading the fabrics in three different directions (warp, weft and biased), the loss in ultimate tensile properties, mass loss and surface appearance has been investigated in the respective directions of abrasion (warp, weft and biased). The study also encompasses the effect of different types of stretch yarn with varying levels of elastane content on such unidirectional abrasive damage.FindingsIt is seen that with the same level of abrasion cycles, the fabric's response in terms of mass loss and loss in ultimate tensile properties are different in different directions. The mass loss due to abrasion in biased direction is found to be minimum. The loss in ultimate tensile properties due to abrasion was highest in the weft direction. It is also found that the higher mass loss due to abrasion does not always result in a greater loss in ultimate tensile properties. The composition and the structure of the weft yarn significantly affected the extent of the mass loss and the loss in ultimate tensile properties during abrasive damage.Originality/valueThe impact of abrasive damage in terms of mass loss and loss in tensile strength along the different directions of denim fabric has not been explored till date. Abrasion of fabric can be done both in multi-direction (Lissajous motion) as well as in uni-direction (linear motion). The multidirectional abrasion provides a holistic or comprehensive idea of the fabric's response to the abrasive damage but does not take into consideration the fabric's anisotropic response to the abrasive damage. Most of the earlier investigation related to abrasive damage of denim fabric has been done in instruments where the motion of the abrader is multidirectional (Lissajous) in nature. For greater depth of understanding about the fabric performance under abrasive damage along the various direction (warp, weft and biased), unidirectional abrasion is conducted in this study.

Effect of airborne particle abrasion and primer application on the surface wettability and bond strength of resin cements to translucent zirconia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sandblasting and primer application on the immediate and long-term shear bond strength of resin cements to translucent zirconia. Zirconia plates (Katana STML, Kuraray Noritake Dental) were divided into six groups (n = 10) for shear bond strength evaluation using three resin cements (Panavia V5, Kuraray Noritake Dental; Variolink Esthetic LC, Ivoclar-Vivadent; and Panavia SA Cement Universal, Kuraray Noritake Dental). The zirconia was sandblasted or left unabraded. Each cement was used with the indicated primer. Two cylinders of cement were placed on the zirconia, one for evaluation after 24 h and the other after 1 year of storage in water. The fracture pattern and the contact angle were observed on all groups. At 24 h, there were no differences in bond strength of the cements for equal sandblasting conditions. After 1-year, the bond strength of all groups decreased, except for Panavia V5 associated with sandblasting. For all the cements, the unabraded zirconia showed a lower bond strength and a higher rate of adhesive failures. The application of primers reduced the contact angle. Higher bond strength is obtained when primers are combined with sandblasting using aluminum oxide particles. Clinical significance: Translucent zirconia restorations should be treated by airborne particle abrasion and phosphate-based primers before bonding, to improve the wettability of the cements and obtain a more durable bonding between the cement and the zirconia.

Modelling Particle Motion during High-Voltage Electrostatic Abrasive Implantation Based on Multi-Physics Field Coupling

Electrostatic abrasive implantation technology is a classical process based on electrostatic field to implant abrasive particles into base material. However, there is still not a quantitative model to ensure the implantation performance due to the fact that the electrostatic abrasive implantation is a complex multi-physics coupled process. To ensure the quality of sandpaper and elucidate the complex motion mechanism of Al2O3 based abrasive particles in a high voltage electrostatic field, a multi-physical field coupling simulation model is proposed. First, the mechanical model is constructed for the complex problem of the electrostatic abrasive implantation process. Then, the field model is established for the problem that the superposition of multi-physical fields leads to complicated environmental conditions. Finally, the evaluation model is established for the problems that the abrasive planting effect is difficult to evaluate and the planting parameters are difficult to adjust. Besides, a tailored electrostatic abrasive planting testing equipment is designed for the implantation performance analysis purpose. Single-parameter electrostatic abrasive planting experiments were conducted to analyze and verify the effect of different pole plate voltage and pole plate spacing on the abrasive implantation rate. To ensure the implantation performance, the applicable pole plate spacing ranges from 30 mm to 50 mm and the suitable voltage is 20–40 kV according to the simulation result in the proposed two models. Meanwhile, the implantation rate experimentation shows the coupling field model coincides with the experiments better. The key factors affecting the electrostatic abrasive planting process are identified, and a feasible multi-physical field coupled abrasive particle motion simulation model is proposed.

Effects of Whitening Dentifrices on the Enamel Color, Surface Roughness, and Morphology

The aim of this study was to evaluate the whitening and abrasion effects of dentifrices containing different whitening agents on artificially stained and unstained enamel. 160 human dental enamel discs were distributed into four groups according to the type of dentifrices applied on them (n=40): Group I, non-whitening dentifrice (control group); Group II, dentifrice containing charcoal; Group III, dentifrice containing blue covarine; Group IV, dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide. Half of the specimens in each group were immersed in coffee solution. Color measurements were evaluated from stained and unstained specimens before and after brushing by a spectrophotometer. The surface roughness of each unstained specimen was analyzed using a profilometer after the brushing and bleaching. The surface of one randomly selected specimen from each group was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis of the color change was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate surface roughness. Group III provided significantly higher recovery on ∆E00 values than other groups on the unstained enamel (p<0.05). Group IV showed significantly the highest ∆E00 values on stained enamel (p<0.05) and also Group IV showed the highest surface roughness values (p<0.05), SEM revealed a more irregular surface in groups III and IV. It can be stated that dentifrice containing blue covarine is both an effective and a safe way to provide whiter teeth with routine home tooth brushing.

Influence of the Addition of the Elements Ti and Cr on the Structure, and Mechanical and Tribological Properties of AlSiN Coatings

The influence of Al/Ti and Al/Cr ratios on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of AlTiSiN and AlCrSiN coatings, deposited by the cathodic arc evaporation PVD method at a temperature of 400°C, was investigated. The remains of the original AlSiN hexagonal phase were observed in the obtained coatings as well as the crystallites of cubic TiN and CrN, respectively. XPS analysis assumes the presence of a substoichiometric SiN. The addition of 11 at.% Ti or 13 at.% Cr in AlSiN led to an increase in both the coating’s resistance to plastic deformation and the plasticity index. The addition of 13 at.% and 24 at.% Cr to the AlSiN coating structure resulted in a decrease in the average coefficient of friction with 18% and 36% against a counterpart of Al2O3, respectively, and with 36% for both concentration against steel ball counterpart. The addition of Ti have no influence on the values of the coefficient of friction at using ceramic counterpart, while at steel counterpart decreased it up to 30%. Both element change the abrasion effect of the coating.Keywords:AlCrSiN; AlTiSiN;Cathodic Arc Deposition; Tribological Behaviour; Abrasion Resistance; Nanoindentation

Effect of airborne-particle abrasion of yttria-containing zirconia dental ceramics on mechanical properties before and after regeneration firing

The zirconia-resin adhesion, crucial in fixed dental prostheses, may be mechanically enhanced by airborne-particle abrasion (APA) induced surface roughening. APA may substantially increase the strength of 3Y-TZP, which is associated with (sub)surface compressive residual stresses through t-m phase transformation. In this work, the effects of APA and regeneration firing (RF) (1000 °C, 15 min) of various zirconia dental ceramics containing 3–5 mol.% of yttria were investigated. The phase composition, (sub)surface microstructural changes, and biaxial flexural strengths coupled with Weibull statistics and fractography were analysed and compared. The results show a significant increase in strength for 3Y and 4Y specimens after APA, ascribed to the t-m transformation toughening. However, APA substantially decreased the strength of 5Y variant. After RF, the ferroelastic domain switching phenomenon was presumably the persisting mechanism to withstand the propagation of APA-induced cracks in 3Y and 4Y zirconias, not being inferior to strength values of the as-sintered counterparts.

Structural reliability analysis of automotive parts based on strength degradation and abrasion and correlation

AbstractIn this paper, based on Shcaff residual strength theory, the effect of abrasion is considered while the strength degradation of parts is studied. Based on the maximum abrasion, a stress‐strength interference model considering strength degradation and abrasion is established. Then, the reliability and reliability sensitivity of vehicle parts are analyzed by using the first‐order second moment and random perturbation method, and they are verified by the Monte Carlo method. The fitting results are good. It provides a more practical analysis method for engineering analysis. At the same time, based on the correlation between variables, the effect of correlation coefficient on the reliability of vehicle tension rod is discussed. The reliability index and reliability of the correlation coefficient of vehicle tension rod are analyzed, and the reliability sensitivity of the correlation coefficient is also analyzed. At the same time, the gradient reliability of vehicle tension rod geometry is analyzed based on strength degradation theory. Found that if the influence of multiple correlation coefficients on reliability is increased (decreased), then the influence of parameter correlation on reliability will further increase (decrease). On the contrary, if the influence of multiple correlation coefficients on reliability increases and decreases, the reliability change needs to be analyzed specifically. In other words, the influence of multiple correlation coefficients on reliability will produce superposition effect. It provides a new direction for the study of correlation coefficient.

Research on Failure Mechanism of Abrasive Belt and Effect on Sanding of Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF)

Sanding is a very important process in MDF production. In this study, abrasive belts (P60 and P120) and MDF were used to conduct sanding experiments, and mass variation, surface morphology, and surface roughness of the abrasive belts were measured to analyze the failure process of the utilized abrasive belts. It is found that the mass of the abrasive belt mainly increased in the sanding process. The increase range of P60 is mainly within the scope of 0~0.02 g, while for P120, the mass change mostly fluctuates within 0~0.01 g. The surface roughness (Sa and Sku) of abrasive belts presents a down-and-up trend as sanding times increase, and Sa and Sku of P60 are both larger than those of P120. Wood fibers with adhesive blocked the space among grits and led to a “grits gathering” phenomenon. When the area of “grits gathering” is larger, it forms an abrasive belt “blocking”. Grit wear (dropping-off, fracture) and “blocking” constitute the two predominant patterns of the failure mechanism. This study is helpful to further improve wood-material-sanding theories, provide insights to investigate wear forms of other abrasive belts, and determine and extend the life of abrasive belts.

The Effect of Different Abrasives on the Shear Bond Strength of Adhesive Resin Cements to Dentin

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dentin surface preparation with coarse diamond, extra-fine diamond, and polishing discs on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two resin cements (RCs) to dentin. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six recently extracted human mandibular third molar teeth that were free of cracks, caries, or restorations were collected. Sixty teeth were used for the SBS test. The occlusal part of the crowns was cut to expose mid-coronal dentin. The teeth were divided into three dentin preparation groups: coarse diamond (Meisinger, Germany), extra-fine diamond, and polishing discs (SofLex, 3MESPE, USA), and further conventional RC combined with a self-etch adhesive (Panavia F2.0/ED Primer II, Kuraray, Japan) or self-adhesive RC (Maxcem Elite, Kerr, USA) subgroups ( n = 10). Sixty composite resin blocks were prepared (diameter: 3 mm, height: 4 mm) and bonded to the teeth according to the groups. The SBS test was performed with a universal testing device. Six teeth were used for the observation of prepared dentin surfaces and the resin–cement dentin interfaces using field emission scanning electron microscopy (Mira 3 XMU, Tescan). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests ( P < .05). Results: Panavia F2.0/ED Primer II exhibited significantly higher SBS values for coarse and extra-fine diamond than for the polishing discs ( P <.05). Regarding Maxcem Elite, no significant difference was observed for the preparation methods ( P > .05). Panavia F2.0/ED Primer II had higher bond strength than Maxcem Elite for the dentin surface prepared with the coarse diamond ( P <.05). The differences were not significant for the extra-fine diamond and the polishing disc groups ( P > .05). Conclusion: The use of polishing discs did not increase the SBS of the RCs to the dentin.

Evaluation of the Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Composite Resins after Submission to Acidic and Abrasive Aggressions.

This in vitro study aimed to assess the erosive effect of hydrochloric acid in association with toothbrushing procedure on the surface condition of three bulk-fill composite resins used for direct restoration. A total of 480 samples (160 from each composite resin): X-tra Fil (VOCO, Germany)—group A, Filtek Bulk-fill Posterior (3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA)—group B, G-aenial Posterior (GC Japan)—group C were prepared, submitted to chemical attack for 60 min with hydrochloric acid 30% and, subsequently, submitted to the abrasive effect of toothbrushing using 10,000 cycles with medium and hard bristles, at three different times (immediately and after 30 min after acid attack or without any chemical attack). The surface roughness of the samples was measured using a noncontact profilometer (Dektak XT, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA). The values were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests, with a p < 0.05. Chemical attack for 60 min associated with one year of toothbrushing with toothbrushes having medium or hard bristles increase the surface roughness of tested bulk-fill composite resins. No differences were recorded between toothbrushing with medium or firm bristles immediately or 30 min after acidic challenge for each of the three bulk-fill composite resins. Exposure to hydrochloric acid determines no effect on surface roughness of bulk-fill composite resins.

Microtensile Repair Bond Strength of a Composite After Accelerated Artificial Aging: Effect of the Air Abrasion, Bur, Er:YAG Laser, Two-Step Self-etch Bonding, and Universal Bonding Repair System.

Introduction: Repair of old composite restorations is a conservative approach. This study sought to compare the effects of two adhesive systems on the bond strength of repaired composites prepared by three different surface treatments: erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation, air-abrasion, and bur preparation. Methods: Eight microhybrid (Polofil Supra, VOCO, Germany) composite resin blocks were fabricated. The blocks were aged and assigned to four groups as stated by the surface treatment: (I) air-abrasion (50 µ aluminum oxide particles), (II) diamond bur (fine grit), (III) Er:YAG laser (3 W output power, 300 mJ energy) and (IV) control. After surface treatment, the blocks were acid-etched and salinized. Each group was divided two subgroups, and the Clearfil SE Bond or All-Bond Universal was applied on their surface. Composite resin was bonded to the aged composites. The blocks were cut into eight samples, and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was measured. Results: The maximum MTBS was noted in the air-abrasion (25.1+6 MPa) group, followed by the Er:YAG laser (21.2+4.7 MPa). The mean MTBS in laser and air-abrasion groups was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The mean MTBS was not significantly different between the laser and air-abrasion groups (P>0.05). Composite resin conditioning by All-Bond Universal in laser and air-abrasion groups yielded significantly higher MTBS than the Clearfil SE Bond (P<0.05). Conclusion: All surface treatments created acceptable bond strength. The surface treatment of the aged composite by the Er:YAG laser or air-abrasion along with the application of silane and All-Bond Universal provide high bond strength.

Wear law of Q345 steel under the abrasion–corrosion synergistic effect of cemented paste backfill

Excessive pipe wear affects the continuity and safety of the delivery of cemented paste backfill (CPB). However, the dominant factors affecting the wear of CPB transportation pipelines are not well understood. The goal of this study is to determine the wear law of the Q345 steel pipeline under the abrasion–corrosion synergistic effect of CPB at varying mass fractions (76–82%), flow velocities (1–2.5 m/s), and rheological parameters. A mini cathodic protection system was installed in the slurry pot tester to simultaneously acquire the total wear and pure abrasion, while pure corrosion was obtained via immersion testing. The results indicate that the total wear and pure abrasion exhibit a power-law increase according to flow velocity and grow exponentially as the CPB mass fraction increases. CPB with increasing yield stress and plastic viscosity leads to an exponential growth in the total wear and pure abrasion. However, a higher solid fraction not exceeding a certain critical value effectively alleviates pipe wear and resistance. In most cases, the synergistic effect of abrasion–corrosion contributed to more than 50% of the total wear. CPB mass fraction and the abrasion-corrosion synergistic effect are the dominant factors affecting the total wear of the CPB-transporting pipeline and should be properly controlled in practice. CPB with a solid fraction ranging between 76 and 78% at a flow velocity of 1.57 m/s and pipelines made of corrosion-resistant materials are recommended for the mine of interest. The findings are conducive to the selection of appropriate pipeline materials and CPB transportation parameters.

Tribological Properties and Physiochemical Analysis of Polymer-Ceramic Composite Coatings for Bone Regeneration

The biomaterial coatings for bone tissue regeneration described in this study promote bioactivity. The ceramic-polymer composite coatings deposited on polylactide (PLA) plates contain polymers, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/polyethylene glycol (PEG), while the ceramic phase is hydroxyapatite (HA). Additionally, collagen (COL) and glutathione (GSH) are components of high biological value. Bone tissue materials requires additionally demanding tribological properties, which are thoroughly described in this research. These findings, presented herein for the first time, characterize this type of highly specific composite coating material and their indicate possible application in bone regeneration implants. Implementation of the collagen in the PVP/PEG/HA composite matrix can tailor demanding tribological performance, e.g., anti-wear and friction reduction. The addition of the ceramic phase in too high a content (15%) leads to the decreased swelling ability of materials and slower liquid medium absorption by composite coatings, as well as strong surface roughening and loosening tribological properties. In consequence, small particles of HA from the very rough composite crumble, having a strong abrasive effect on the sample surface. In conclusion, sample C composed of PVP/PEG/GSH/COL/HA (5%) exhibits high bioactivity, strong mechanical and tribological properties, the highest free surface energy, porosity, and accepted roughness to be implemented as a material for bone regeneration.

Analysis of abrasive grain size effect of abrasive belt on material removal performance of GCr15 bearing steel

The effect of abrasive grain size on the material removal performances of the grinding surface was studied by theoretical modeling and grinding experiments. The results indicted that a smaller abrasive grain size of the abrasive belts led to smaller microscopic contour height and surface roughness of the ground surfaces, fewer curl chips, and more spherical chips. The smaller grain size also led to smaller macroscopic grinding depth and material removal rate. There was an approximately linear relationship between the macroscopic grinding depth and material removal rate during plane grinding. The slope was related to the abrasive grain size. Grinding force, vibration, vision, and sound signals could distinguish the macroscopic material removal changes caused by abrasive belt particle sizes.

Impact Abrasive Wear Property of CrAlN/TiSiN Multilayer Coating at Elevated Temperatures.

The impact wear property of hard coatings at elevated temperatures is of particular interest for applications in nuclear power plants. This study evaluated the impact wear behavior of two CrAlN/TiSiN coatings with and without sand. Alternately grown CrAlN and TiSiN films with modulation periods of 455 and 19 nm were formed in a columnar structure. The nanomultilayer shows better impact wear resistance than multilayer films with and without sand. The energy absorption rate has a similar trend to wear rate, leading to lower rebound velocity and peak impact force of the nanomultilayer compared with that of the multilayer. CrAlN/TiSiN coatings can protect the 308L substrate from oxidation. The dominant impact wear mechanism without sand is plastic deformation, and this wear region can be defined as the percussive zone. Peeling occurs on the multilayer surface without sand after 104 percussions, leading to rapid oxidation of the 308L substrate at 500 °C. Due to the abrasion effect, the wear rate of the sample with sand increases by an order of magnitude compared to the sample without sand. The wear scar of the sample with sand can be divided into the mixing zone and the sand−affected zone from inside to outside. Fe oxides are formed beyond the unbroken coating, which may be related to the outward diffusion of Fe.